scholarly journals Morphology of flower and development of male reproductive sphere of plants Fagopyrum homotropicum Ohnishi

2020 ◽  
pp. 149-159
Author(s):  
Луиза Равилевна Кадырова
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Flower Morphology ◽  
Fagopyrum Homotropicum ◽  
Research Programs ◽  
Pollen Formation ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Mother Cells

Вид гречихи Fagopyrum homotropicum Ohnishi стал известен научной общественности в 1995 году. Благодаря своей скрещиваемости с культурными видами гречихи он был включен в разнообразные селекционно-генетические программы исследований. При этом многие аспекты его репродуктивной биологии, в частности эмбриологические особенности, остаются на данный момент неизученными. Настоящая работа посвящена изучению морфологии цветка и процессов формирования мужской репродуктивной сферы растений F. homotropicum. В результате проведенных исследований показано, что цветок F. homotropicum представлен 9 различными вариантами строения по количеству органов. Типичный вариант строения P5A8G(3) встречался с частотой 93,4%. Варианты P5A6G(3), P5A7G(3), P5A8G(0), P6A8G(3) зафиксированы с частотой 1,0-2,2%. Цветки нетипичного строения F. homotropicum обычно имеют измененное количество органов андроцея или гинецея. Полиморфизм строения цветков, таким образом, характерен для всех видов cymosum группы. Процессы микроспорогенеза и микрогаметогенеза протекают у F. homotropicum аналогично тому, как они описаны для других изученных видов Fagopyrum. Количество материнских клеток микроспор в гнезде пыльника составило 5,2±0,15. Обнаружены также нарушения в ходе эмбриологических процессов: приостановка развития клеток спорогенной ткани с последующей ее дегенерацией. Контрастные погодные условия в период формирования пыльцы не оказали влияния на ее фертильность: в разные годы она составила 93,4 и 93,6%. The species of buckwheat Fagopyrum homotropicum Ohnishi became known to the scientific community in 1995. Due to its crossbreeding with the cultural species of buckwheat, it was included into several breeding and genetic research programs. At the same time, many aspects of its reproductive biology, in particular embryological features, remain unknown at the moment. The present work is aimed to the study of flower morphology and the processes of formation of the male reproductive sphere of the F. homotropicum plants. Here we show that the flowers F. homotropicum are represented by 9 different variants of the structure by the number of organs. A typical variant of the structure P5A8G(3) met with a frequency of 93,4 %. The variants P5A6G(3), P5A7G(3), P5A8G(0), P6A8G(3) are recorded with a frequency of 1,0-2,2 %. The flowers of the atypical structure of F. homotropicum usually have an altered number of androecium or gynaecium organs. Polymorphism of the structure of flowers, thus, is characteristic of all species of cymosum group. The processes of microsporogenesis and microgametogenesis take place in F. homotropicum in the same way as they were described for other studied Fagopyrum species. The number of microspore mother cells in the anther nest was 5,2 ± 0,15. Abnormalities were also found in embryological processes: the suspension of the development of cells of sporogenic tissue, followed by its degeneration. Contrast weather conditions during the pollen formation did not affect its fertility: in different years, it amounted to 93,4 and 93,6 %.

scholarly journals Influence of Nature at the Time of the Pandemic: An Experience-Based Survey at the Time of SARS-CoV-2 to Demonstrate How Even a Short Break in Nature Can Reduce Stress for Healthcare Staff

2021 ◽  
pp. 193758672199111
Author(s):  
Marco Gola ◽  
Monica Botta ◽  
Anna Lisa D’Aniello ◽  
Stefano Capolongo
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Community ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Hospital Staff ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
Profile Of Mood States ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Healthcare Staff ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Multidisciplinary Working ◽  
The Moment

Aim: The current COVID-19 pandemic has been causing significant upheavals in the daily lives of citizens and consequently also their mood (stress, distraction, anxiety, etc.), especially during the lockdown phase. The aim of the investigation is to evaluate the benefits of 20–30 minutes in contact with nature. Background: The Scientific Community, also through the evidence-based design approach, has already demonstrated the importance of greenery and nature on the psychophysical well-being of people and, in a moment of emergency, contact with the nature can be therapeutic and quite influential on the mental health of staff subject to stress. Method: During the lockdown, an Italian multidisciplinary working group promoted an experience-based survey, based on the Profile of Mood States methodology, for measuring the psychophysical well-being of hospital staff. Results: The author collected 77 questionnaires. The benefits that users have obtained from the experience in nature have been investigated by comparing the type of stresses they were subjected to and highlighting various peculiarities in the data analysis associated with the type of green in which they carried out the survey, the healthcare areas in which they worked during the pandemic emergency, and the moment in which the survey was conducted. Conclusions: The study has highlighted that a short break in green spaces strongly influenced the mental and psychophysical well-being of hospital staff, emphasizing the importance of nearby green spaces in architectures for health. Even a brief break in nature can regenerate users, especially in times of a stressful health emergency.

CYTOLOGY OF 2n POLLEN FORMATION IN DIPLOID ALFALFA, MEDICAGO SATIVA

1979 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 525-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholi Vorsa ◽  
E. T. Bingham
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Genetic Constitution ◽  
2N Pollen ◽  
Diploid Parent ◽  
2N Gamete ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Pollen Formation ◽  
Mother Cells

Four diploid (2x) clones of alfalfa, Medicago sativa L., which produced good seed set when used as male parents in 4x-2x crosses were selected for study. The 2x clones descended from 2x haploids of cultivated 4x alfalfa. Fertility in the 4x-2x cross was due to the production of pollen with the unreduced chromosome number (2n pollen) from the 2x parent. The cytological mechanism of 2n pollen formation was found to be disorientation of spindles at metaphase II in up to 38% of the pollen mother cells. Thus, both n and 2n pollen were produced by all four diploids examined. Normal spindles at metaphase II were oriented such that they defined the poles of a tetrahedron and resulted in normal tetrads in a tetrahedral arrangement. Disoriented spindles were basically parallel to each other and resulted in formation of dyads and occasionally a triad. Dyads developed into two 2n pollen grains; triads developed into one 2n and two n pollen grains. Since both n and 2n pollen grains are produced by the diploids, they can be maintained as diploids or they can be used as male parents in crosses to tetraploids. The genetic constitution of 2n pollen resulting from parallel spindles is similar to that expected after first division restitution of meiosis and much of the heterozygosity of the diploid parent is conserved in the gametes. The 2n gamete mechanism has potential application in germplasm transfer and in maximizing heterozygosity in tetraploid hybrids.

scholarly journals CONTAINER FOR THE TRANSPORTATION AND CONSERVATION OF IMMUNOBIOLOGICALS

2008 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 03
Author(s):  
C. B. Soares ◽  
M. N. E. Reis ◽  
B. Takane ◽  
F. M. Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Time Span ◽  
Cold Chain ◽  
National Immunization Program ◽  
Immunization Program ◽  
Operational Costs ◽  
National Immunization ◽  
The Moment

A container was developed for the transport and conservation of immunological products under low temperatures of between 2 and 8 º C, within a time span of 8 hours. The container is practical, simple and userfriendly, and can be used in places without electric power, and all these advantages are added of low operational costs. The container proposed aims at meeeting the demand of the Programa Nacional de Imunizações (PNI- the National Immunization Program), through Cold Chain, which sets the standards for all the procedures concerning conservation, handling, distribution and transport of the vaccine from the laboratory that produces it to the moment of inoculation.Innitially, the container was specifically developed for Vaccine for Inactive Influenza Virus against flu, which, according to a survey conducted with laboratories, is the most widely consumed, and whose conservation time span is also applicable to other immunobiologicals After the design and construction of the prototype, the container was exhaustively tested under different weather conditions. The results of the experiment are being exposed and discussed in this paper and the prototype lived up to the expectations of the reserachers in terms of the time spans and temperatures foreseen for the conservation of the vaccine selected.

Artificial neural networks in the problem of determining the position and size of the solar disk in wide-angle photographs of the sky

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikhail Borisov ◽  
Mikhail Krinitskiy
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Neural Networks ◽  
Artificial Neural Networks ◽  
Solar Disk ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Wide Angle ◽  
Know How ◽  
The Neural Network ◽  
Artificial Neural ◽  
The Moment

<p>Total cloud score is a characteristic of weather conditions. At the moment, there are algorithms that automatically calculate cloudiness based on a photograph of the sky These algorithms do not know how to find the solar disk, so their work is not absolutely accurate.</p><p>To create an algorithm that solves this data, the data used, obtained as a result of sea research voyages, is used, which is marked up for training the neural network.</p><p>As a result of the work, an algorithm was obtained based on neural networks, based on a photograph of the sky, in order to determine the size and position of the solar disk, other algorithms can be used to work with images of the visible hemisphere of the sky.</p>

scholarly journals Testing the FAIR metrics on data catalogs

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarno A A van Erp ◽  
Carolyn D Langen ◽  
Anca Boon ◽  
Kees van Bochove
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Community ◽  
Daily Practice ◽  
Open Science ◽  
White Paper ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Open Source Data ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Important Solution ◽  
Public Money ◽  
The Moment

The introduction of the FAIR –Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable– principles has caused quite an uproar within the scientific community. Principles which, if everyone adheres to them, could result in new, revolutionary ways of performing research and fulfill the promise of open science. Furthermore, it allows for concepts such as personalized medicine and personal health monitoring to -finally- become implemented in daily practice. However, to bring about these changes, data users need to rethink the way they treat scientific data. Just passing a dataset along, without extensive metadata will not suffice anymore. Such new ways of executing research require a significantly different approach from the entire scientific community or, for that matter, anyone who wants to reap the benefits from going FAIR. Yet, how do you initiate behavioral change? One important solution is by changing the software scientists use and requiring data owners, or data stewards, to FAIRify their dataset. Data catalogs are a great starting point for FAIRifying data as the software already intends to make data Findable and Accessible, while the metadata is Interoperable and relying on users to provide sufficient metadata to ensure Reusability. In this paper we analyse how well the FAIR principles are implemented in several data catalogs. To determine how FAIR a catalog is, the FAIR metrics were created by the GO-FAIR initiative. These metrics help determine to what extend data can be considered FAIR. However, the metrics were only recently developed, being first released at the end of 2017. At the moment software does not come standard with a FAIR metrics review. Still, this insight is highly desired by the scientific community. How else can they be sure that (public) money is spend in a FAIR way? The Hyve has tested/evaluated three popular open source data catalogs based on the FAIR metrics: CKAN, Dataverse, and Invenio. Most data stewards will be familiar with at least one of these. Within this white paper we provide answers to the following questions: Which of the three data catalogs performs best in making data FAIR? Which data catalog utilizes FAIR datasets the most? Which one creates the most FAIR metadata? Which catalog has the highest potential to increase its FAIRness, and how? Which data catalog facilitates the FAIRifying process the best?

scholarly journals SIKLON TROPIS, KARASTERISTIK DAN PENGARUHNYA DI WILAYAH INDONESIA PADA TAHUN 2012

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
M. Djazim Syaifullah
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Tropical Cyclone ◽  
Tropical Cyclones ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Mature Stage ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Human Effort ◽  
The Moment

Tulisan ini adalah sebuah dan analisis karasteristik dari siklon tropis termasuk proses siklus hidupnya, struktur, skala kekuatan dan bagaimana pengaruhnya di daerah Indonesia. Analisis siklon tropis dikhususkan untuk kejadian-kejadian di daerah Pasifik Barat dan Laut Cina Selatan. Salah satu pengaruh siklon tropis adalah munculnya hotspot di Sumatera dan Kalimantan. Siklon tropis adalah sebuah yang fenomena meteorologi yang dengan potensi besar dampak di area kerusakan yang dilaluinya. Siklon tropis mempunyai kekuatan yang sangat besar dan tidak ada usaha manusia yang dapat mencegah atau menghilangkan siklon tropis. Siklon Tropis mempunyai siklus mulai sejak saat pembentukannya sampai kepunahannya. Ada tiga tahap : tahap pembentukan, tahap matang dan tahap pelemahan. Indonesia secara umum mendapatkan pengaruh secara tidak langsung dari keberadaan siklon tropis ini, dimana pada musim kering ini akan memperparah bencana kekeringan di beberapa daerah di Indonesia khususnya di wilayah Kalimantan dan Sumatera.Kata Kunci: siklon tropis, kebakaran hutan, hotspotThis paper is an overview and analisys of tropical cyclone charasteristics consit of their life cycle processes, structures, scale of strength and how its influence in Indonesian region. Tropical cyclone analysis is devoted to the events in the Western Pacific region and the South China Sea. Observed influence of tropical cyclones is the emergence of hot spots in Sumatera and Kalimantan as well as it happened rains in some areas. The tropical cyclone is a meteorological phenomenon with huge potential impact on the area of damage in its path. Tropical cyclone strength was so big and there was no human effort that can prevent or eliminate a tropical cyclone. Tropical cyclones have a life cycle starting from the moment of its formation until its extinction. There are three stages : formation stage, mature stage and attenuation stage. Indonesia generally received indirect impact on changing weather conditions. In the dry season will increase the incidence of tropical cyclone severe drought level in the region of Indonesia, particularly Sumatera and Kalimantan and result in the emergence of the number of fires (hot spot) which is quite a lot. In the wet season tropical cyclone events can cause increased rainfall causes floods, especially in areas close to the location of the cyclone, for example in the area of the northern part of Kalimantan and Sulawesi.Keywords : tropical cyclone, forest fire, hotspot

scholarly journals Universality of citation distributions- a new understanding

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Michael Golosovsky
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Community ◽  
Citation Count ◽  
Theoretical Justification ◽  
Propagation Process ◽  
Viral Propagation ◽  
And Mathematics ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Log Normal ◽  
Log Normal Distribution ◽  
Fitness Distribution

Abstract Universality of scaled citation distributions was claimed a decade ago (F. Radicchi, S. Fortunato, and C. Castellano, PNAS, 105(45), 17268 (2008)) but its theoretical justification has been lacking so far. Here, we study citation distributions for three disciplines- Physics, Economics, and Mathematics- and assess them using our explanatory model of citation dynamics. The model posits that the citation count of a paper is determined by its fitness- the attribute, which, for most papers, is set at the moment of publication. In addition, the papers’ citation count is related to the process by which the knowledge about this paper propagates in the scientific community. Our measurements indicate that the fitness distribution for different disciplines is nearly identical and can be approximated by the log-normal distribution, while the viral propagation process is discipline-specific. The model explains which sets of citation distributions can be scaled and which can not. In particular, we show that the near-universal shape of the citation distributions for different disciplines and for different citation years traces its origin to the nearly universal fitness distribution, while deviations from this shape are associated with the discipline-specific citation dynamics of papers. Peer Review https://publons.com/publon/10.1162/qss_a_00127

scholarly journals Changes in endogenous cytokinin-like substances in onion bulbs (Allium cepa L.) cv. Sochaczewska during storage

2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-81
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Kielak ◽  
Maria Bielińska-Czarnecka
Keyword(s):  
Storage Period ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Clear Correlation ◽  
Cytokinin Activity ◽  
Onion Bulbs ◽  
Cold Room ◽  
Allium Cepa L ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Main Factor

Onion bulbs cv. Sochaczewska were dried under an umbrella roof until October 15th or November 15th and thereafter stored in a cold room at 0-1°C until May 15th. During 4 years of the experiment, the activity of cytokinin-like substances was determined each month during storage. The cytokinin activity showed two to three peaks: at the beginning of storage, in January-February (in one year in December) and at the end of the storage period. No clear correlation was found between cytokinin activity and bulb rooting or sprouting. The length of the drying period occasionally influenced the height of cytokinin activity peaks and displaced the moment of their appearance. Weather conditions in particular years seem to be the main factor influencing the changes in cytokinin activity.

scholarly journals Bison bonasus bonasus as a museum exhibit in the 18th – early 20th centuries

2018 ◽  
Vol 322 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.A. Fedotova
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Community ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
European Bison ◽  
Bison Bonasus ◽  
Museum Exhibit ◽  
The Status ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
The Russian Empire

The paper discusses the Białowieża bison (Bison bonasus bonasus) as a museum exhibit in the 18th – early 20th centuries, basing on the analysis of archival documents, mainly from St. Petersburg. One of the last remnants of extinct megafauna once roaming through Europe, by the Early Modern time it had been eliminated in the most part of its previous range. In the 16th–18th century, it had the status of a natural curiosity and an exclusively royal game. In the 18th century, the carcasses of the European bison from the imperial menageries went into the cabinets of curiosities where they became the objects of study for naturalists. By the late 18th century, the last population of the European lowland bison had survived in Białowieża Primeval Forest, which became a part of the Russian Empire with the Third partition of Poland. The attention of the Imperial family, which preserved the system of protection of the European bison and the forest where they lived, ensured the survival of the species till WWI. The development of zoology and zoological collections provided a new status to the Białowieża bison – the status of a valuable gift of the Russian Tsar to a scientific community. To receive such a precious gift, a scientific community had to use its diplomatic and bureaucratic channels, to recruit a naturalist willing to travel to Białowieża, to organize a hunt, to process the skin and bones, and finally, to deliver this massive package to a museum. Nevertheless, throughout the second half of the 19th century, most requests made by European and Russian naturalists were granted and the majority of zoological museums received the European bison from Białowieża, either in form of a stuffed animal, a skeleton, or at least a skull. The transformation of the 17–18th century Kunstkammern into research zoological institutions and the development of taxidermy went in parallel with the transformation of the European bison as a museum exhibit. Stuffed animals became anatomically accurate; new expositions included habitat groups, and some institutions amassed extensive collections for comparative study. The presence of the European bison almost in every major European museum made them well known for wider public. In 1919, the last Białowieża bison was killed in the wild, but the popularity of this species helped the restitution of the animal. Nowadays, the “old” specimens are of interest not only from a historical point of view, but also as a source of samples for genetic research.

M3G: an expanding catalogue of permanently tracking GNSS stations in Europe

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andras Fabian ◽  
Carine Bruyninx ◽  
Anna Miglio ◽  
Juliette Legrand
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Metadata Management ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Royal Observatory ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Gnss Networks ◽  
Interactive User ◽  
Interactive User Interface

<p>The Metadata Management and Distribution System for Multiple GNSS Networks (M<sup>3</sup>G, https://gnss-metadata.eu), hosted by the Royal Observatory of Belgium, is one of the services of the European Plate Observing System (EPOS, https://www.epos-eu.org) and EUREF (http://euref.eu).</p><p>M<sup>3</sup>G provides the scientific as well as the non-scientific community with a state-of-the-art archive of information on permanently tracking GNSS stations in Europe, including the station description, the GNSS networks the stations contribute to, whether station observation data are publicly available, and how to access them. </p><p>Since its first public release (2018), M<sup>3</sup>G has been under continuous development, to respond to the evolving needs of the GNSS community, to progress towards FAIR data principles and comply with GDPR. </p><p>M<sup>3</sup>G offers APIs and an interactive user interface where any GNSS station manager, after registration, can insert all information relative to its GNSS stations and make this information publicly available. Consequently, the commitment of station managers to insert GNSS station metadata in M<sup>3</sup>G and their willingness to keep the information up to date is crucial for the success of M<sup>3</sup>G.</p><p>At the moment, M<sup>3</sup>G is used by 127 GNSS agencies and includes data from more than 2500 GNSS stations all over Europe, and more still in the process of being collected.</p><p>We will illustrate the rationale underlying M<sup>3</sup>G, the data that it provides and how these data can be accessed.</p>

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