scholarly journals Comparative analysis of quality indicators of aviation kerosine, biofuels and their mixtures

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 67-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. I. Gryadunov ◽  
A. N. Kozlov ◽  
V. M. Samoylenko ◽  
Shadi Ardeshiri
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Quality Indicators ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Aviation Fuel ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Environmental Friendliness ◽  
Performance Properties ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Comprehensive Study

Modern trends of civil aviation development indicate the need to improve fuel efficiency and environmental friendliness of the utilized fuels. The use of conventional jet fuel is meeting to a lesser degree the promising requirements concerning environmental friendliness at a constantly rising price for it. Apart from that, oil reserves are limited. According to many experts, the solution to the growing problems with oil fuels can be application of alternative types of aviation fuel. A number of companies around the world, together with aircraft manufacturers under the significant state support, are actively developing new types of fuel. At the moment the most widespread biofuels consisting of bioethanol are obtained from various plant and animal sources. Alternative fuels should not be inferior to petroleum fuels in its operational properties. A possible transition to them should not require significant costs for the modernization of aircraft and facilities of ground aviation fuel supply. Therefore, an urgent task is to compare the main indicators of the quality of oil fuels, biofuels and their mixtures to assess the possibility of using biofuels on aircraft. A comparative analysis was carried out on some quality indicators. Afterwards the comments were given on the impact of changes of these quality indicators on the performance properties of the fuels. It is shown that according to some quality indicators, biofuels under research have the advantages over oil ones. The relevance of comprehensive study of the performance properties of biofuels is obvious. The improvement of oil fuels and their comprehensive study have been under way for more than 60 years. Biofuels are just beginning their life, so it is reasonable to conduct thorough research on their use in aviation.

scholarly journals Substantiation of the ratio of biofuel and kerosin in the mixture for its application as aviation fuel

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 17-28
Author(s):  
V. M. Samoylenko ◽  
K. I. Gryadunov ◽  
A. N. Timoshenko ◽  
S. Ardeshiri
Keyword(s):  
Quality Indicators ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Alternative Fuel ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Aviation Fuel ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Fuel Prices

Today, technologies for the production of alternative fuels and for the development of engines on different operating principles are actively developing, due to both the tightening of the environmental requirements of ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization) for harmful emissions into the atmosphere and the depletion of non-renewable resources, and the interests of the oil importing countries. Strict requirements are imposed on the quality of aviation fuels related to ensuring the reliability of aviation technology and flight safety. Requirement toughening for quality indicators will inevitably lead to higher fuel prices, so today we can observe some concessions in domestic and foreign regulatory documents to certain quality indicators of aviation fuels, for example, to indicators of low-temperature properties. It follows that the use of petroleum fuels will sooner or later become inappropriate. Technologies to produce synthetic and biological fuels from various types of raw materials make it possible to obtain fuel with close quality indicators to traditional kerosene, but it has not yet been completely replaced. Therefore, today we are considering the use of alternative fuels in a mixture with petroleum kerosene in various proportions. The question remains open: in what proportion is it possible to use mixtures of alternative fuel with kerosene on the aircraft without any negative consequences for their operation. Based on the known dependencies, a mathematical model is proposed for calculating some operational indicators of fuel, engine and aircraft depending on the proportion of mixing alternative fuel and kerosene. In accordance with the calculations, the most rational ratio of petroleum kerosene and SPK fuel is substantiated both from the point of view of the necessary operational properties and from the point of view of economic feasibility.

scholarly journals New Priorities in the Environment Protection against Civil Aviation Influence

10.12737/1575 ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 25-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Николайкин ◽  
N. Nikolaykin
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Environment Protection ◽  
Ecological Requirements ◽  
Aviation Noise ◽  
Noise Impact ◽  
Efficiency Increase

The modern directions of environment protection against aircraft influence in the light of International Civil Aviation Organization (IСAO) decisions have been analyzed. Modern priorities in this activity have been revealed, tendencies of development related to international and civil aviation, as well as evolution of ecological requirements to aircraft, civil aviation’s fuel efficiency increase directions and alternative fuels, problems of aviation noise impact on habitat have been considered.

scholarly journals Ecological Aspects of Implementing Prospective Propulsion Schemes of Short and Medium Haul Aircrafts

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Самойлов ◽  
M. Samoylov ◽  
Бурцев ◽  
S. Burtsev ◽  
Симаков ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Propulsion Systems ◽  
Hybrid Propulsion ◽  
Ecological Aspects ◽  
Hybrid Power Plant ◽  
Traditional Patterns

The influence of the circuitry of the hybrid power plant short and medium haul aircraft on their fuel efficiency and environmental characteristics have been investigated. Directions of improvement of traditional patterns of power plants of aircraft on the example of PD-14 engine were analyzed. It has been shown that the use of turbojet engines and traditional schemes operating on aviation kerosene, will not allow to fulfill the demands made by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) to perspective plane 2025–2035. The analysis of the three schemes hybrid propulsion systems has been performed. It has been shown that using the presented hybrid propulsion systems of alternative fuels can reduce CO2 emissions by 19% to 20% compared with conventional turbojet engines, which run on kerosene TS-1. It has been shown that this fuel efficiency is increased by 2–3%, and the total mass of the power plant increases of 6 to 16%.

scholarly journals The Effect of Additional Ethanol Steam Temperature Variations on Pertalite Fuel Use on Performance and Efficiency of 4 Stroke Motorcycles

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akhmad Saifudin
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Fuel Mixture ◽  
Ethanol Vapor ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Intake Manifold ◽  
Temperature Variations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ethanol Steam

The means of transportation that are widely used in Indonesia are vehicles in the form of motorbikes and cars, as well as the increasing dependence on the consumption of fuel oil (BBM).  The impact is that the need for fuel oil is also high.  As a result of dependence on fossil energy this one increases.  Based on the problems that have been raised, a concept has emerged to make alternative fuels that can be used as a fuel mixture or as an alternative to these fuels.  One of the renewable energy sources that can be utilized is ethanol which comes from corn, wheat, and others.  ethanol vapor as a fuel mixture, where the ethanol used is not mixed directly into the fuel.  And by utilizing ethanol vapor, it is also expected to increase the performance and efficiency of motorbikes.  In this study we used a reference concept which was then used as a concept, how to influence additional ethanol vapor temperature variations on the use of pertalite fuel on the performance and efficiency of 4-stroke motorbikes using temperature variations of 400C, 500C, and 600C and variations of valve openings  on the ethanol vapor hose to the intake manifold.  After conducting the test, the results show that the best power is obtained from the addition of ethanol steam at a temperature of 450 full openings when it is at 7973 RPM rotation which shows a power of 31.2 HP and when it is at 5757 RPM rotation which shows a torque of 32.24 N.m.  The best fuel efficiency is obtained from the addition of ethanol steam with a temperature of 450 full openings with a fuel consumption of 1 liter only reduced by 75 ml every 5 minutes of use at the same speed.

scholarly journals The impact of physico-chemical properties of the jet fuel and biofuels on the characteristics of gas-turbine engines

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 8-16
Author(s):  
Sh. Ardeshiri
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Gas Turbine Engine ◽  
Jet Fuel ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Turbine Engines ◽  
Gas Turbine Engines ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
The Impact

The current development trend of global civil aviation is the growth of passenger and freight traffic, which entails the consumption of jet fuel. Under these conditions, increasing the efficiency of jet fuel used is of great importance. Global energy consumption is constantly growing, and, first of all, the question of diversification of oil resources arises, resources from which the bulk of motor fuels is produced. Other types of raw energy sources (natural gas, coal, bio-mass) currently account for only a small part. However, an analysis of the development of jet fuels indicates that work is underway to obtain these from other sources of raw materials, especially bio-fuels. Much attention is given to obtaining bio-fuels from renewable sources – such as algae. The issue of the mass transition of civil aviation to alternative fuels is complex and requires the solution of intricate technical as well as economic issues. One of these is the assessment of the impact of new fuels on GTE performance. It is important to give an objective and quick assessment of the use of various types of fuels on the main characteristics of the engine – i.e., throttle and high-speed characteristics. In this case, it is necessary to take into account chemical processes in the chemical composition of new types of fuel. To assess the effect of fuels on the characteristics of a gas turbine engine, it is proposed to use a mathematical model that would take into account the main characteristics of the fuel itself. Therefore, the work proposes a mathematical model for calculating the characteristics of a gas turbine engine taking into account changes in the properties of the fuel itself. A comparison is made of the percentage of a mixture of biofuels and JetA1 kerosene, as well as pure JetA1 and TC-1 kerosene. The calculations, according to the proposed model, are consistent with the obtained characteristics of a gas turbine engine in operation when using JetA1 and TC-1 kerosene. Especially valuable are the obtained characteristics of a gas turbine engine depending on a mixture of biofuel and kerosene. It was found that a mixture of biofuel and kerosene changes the physicochemical characteristics of fuel and affects the change in engine thrust and specific fuel consumption. It is shown that depending on the obtained physicochemical properties of a mixture of biofuel and kerosene, it is possible to increase the fuel efficiency and environmental friendliness of the gas turbine engines used.

Corruption as “one‑stop‑shop”: theory and empirical analysis

2018 ◽  
pp. 32-51
Author(s):  
R. Yu. Kochnev ◽  
L. I. Polishchuk ◽  
A. Yu. Rubin
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Enterprise Performance ◽  
Double Jeopardy ◽  
One Stop ◽  
The Commons ◽  
Public Production ◽  
Performance Project ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Sector Theory

We present the comparative analysis of the impact of centralized and decentralized corruption for private sector. Theory and empirical evidence point out to a “double jeopardy” of decentralized corruption which increases the burden of corruption upon private firms and weakens the incentives of bureaucracy to provide public production inputs, such as infrastructure. These outcomes are produced by simultaneous free-riding and the tragedy of the commons effects. The empirical part of the paper utilizes data of the Business Environment and Enterprise Performance project.

Assessment of small businesses activities in Ukraine

2019 ◽  
pp. 40-47
Author(s):  
Igor Ponomarenko ◽  
Kateryna Volovnenko
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Small Business ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Government Agencies ◽  
Small Enterprises ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Micro Enterprises

The subject of the research is a set of approaches to the statistical analysis ofthe activities of small business entities in Ukraine, including micro-enterprises. The purpose of writing this article is to study of the features of functioningof small business entities in Ukraine. Methodology. The research methodology isto use a system-structural and comparative analysis (to study the change in thenumber of small enterprises by major components); monographic (when studyingmethods of statistical analysis of small businesses); economic analysis (when assessing the impact of small business entities on socio-economic phenomena andprocesses in Ukraine). The scientific novelty consists to determine the features ofthe functioning of small businesses in Ukraine in modern conditions. The influenceof the activities of the main socio-economic and political indicators on the activities of small enterprises in recent periods of time has been identified. It has beenestablished that there is flexibility in the development of strategies by small businesses in conditions of significant competition, which makes it possible to quicklyrespond to changing situations in specific markets. Conclusions. The use of acomprehensive statistical analysis of small businesses functioning in Ukraine willallow government agencies to develop a set of measures to optimize the activitiesof these enterprises, which ultimately will positively affect the strengthening oftheir competitiveness and will contribute to the growth of the national economicsystem.

Microstructural and Mechanical Behaviour Evaluation of Mg-Al-Zn Alloy Friction Stir Welded Joint

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 8150-8159
Author(s):  
Kulwant Singh ◽  
Gurbhinder Singh ◽  
Harmeet Singh
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Friction Stir Welding ◽  
Magnesium Alloys ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Grain Structure ◽  
Tensile Fracture ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
The Impact

The weight reduction concept is most effective to reduce the emissions of greenhouse gases from vehicles, which also improves fuel efficiency. Amongst lightweight materials, magnesium alloys are attractive to the automotive sector as a structural material. Welding feasibility of magnesium alloys acts as an influential role in its usage for lightweight prospects. Friction stir welding (FSW) is an appropriate technique as compared to other welding techniques to join magnesium alloys. Field of friction stir welding is emerging in the current scenario. The friction stir welding technique has been selected to weld AZ91 magnesium alloys in the current research work. The microstructure and mechanical characteristics of the produced FSW butt joints have been investigated. Further, the influence of post welding heat treatment (at 260 °C for 1 h) on these properties has also been examined. Post welding heat treatment (PWHT) resulted in the improvement of the grain structure of weld zones which affected the mechanical performance of the joints. After heat treatment, the tensile strength and elongation of the joint increased by 12.6 % and 31.9 % respectively. It is proven that after PWHT, the microhardness of the stir zone reduced and a comparatively smoothened microhardness profile of the FSW joint obtained. No considerable variation in the location of the tensile fracture was witnessed after PWHT. The results show that the impact toughness of the weld joints further decreases after post welding heat treatment.

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