scholarly journals The Bad Effects Caused by Policy Prescription and Financial Assistance by IMF on Developing Countries

2021 ◽  
pp. 172-177
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Absolute Poverty ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Policy Prescription ◽  
The Imf

Actually in some cases, the IMF has a little positive effect on developing economics while has a vast bad effect on all developing economics. The main purpose of the study is to examine the impact of IMF on developing countries. The globalization of the world economy gives rise to large global inequalities. The inequalities are responsible for increasing absolute poverty and starvation. Low-income countries are suffering from financial crises to reduce their absolute poverty and starvation. So they have to depend on IMF and various financial institutions. But the IMF policies are heavily criticized and unhelpful. The IMF sometimes led to an increased dependency of developing countries upon developed countries. The social sectors of developing countries such as the health and education sectors are most affected by these policies. So these policies increase poverty and underdevelopment of the developing world.

Trends in Infant Feeding in Developing Countries

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 648-666
Author(s):  
Francis Notzon
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Developing World ◽  
General Pattern ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

In recent years, interest in breast-feeding and infant-supplementation practices in the developing world has been growing. Numerous community, regional, and national studies have described the patterns of breast-feeding and, to a lesser extent, of supplementation in a wide range of low-income countries. Nevertheless, adequate documentation of national trends in breast-feeding is available for only a small number of developing countries, and trends in supplementation remain to be described. The apparent decline in breast-feeding in the developing world has been the subject of numerous articles describing the impact of this trend on infant morbidity and mortality, fertility levels, and family finances. Frequently, the examples used to illustrate the decrease in breast-feeding are methedologically flawed; they use nonrepresentative or noncomparable samples, for example, or make implicit assumptions about past breast-feeding practices. In spite of such shortcomings, the consistent reports of important declines appear to indicate that some basic changes are taking place in breast-feeding practices in certain areas of the developing world. The fact that these changes seem to be following the general pattern of breast-feeding decline that occurred at earlier times in developed countries adds to their plausibility. Although a general awareness of changes in lactation in the developing world now prevails, the documentation of this trend is far from complete. Even for those countries in which trends have been appropriately measured, the amount and pattern of change may vary widely from country to country. In most of the countries with information on breast-feeding trends, recent declines have occurred, although the decreases range from sharp to moderate.

scholarly journals Ekonomi Pembangunan Terhadap Pengangguran di Provinsi Jambi

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-39
Author(s):  
Afrizal Afrizal
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Street Children ◽  
Urgent Problem ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact

Unemployment in developing countries such as Indonesia, the economic development of this country as a growing number of unemployment is a problem that is more complicated and more serious than the problem of changes in income distribution are less profitable low-income residents Unemployment in Jambi Province has reached tens of thousands of people is an urgent problem that must be solved because of the impact of unemployment it would be very dangerous to the social order of life. It is a fact that various social evils such as theft / muggings/robberies, prostitution, Jula buy children, street children and others merupakandampakdaripengangguran.

A Systems Approach for Sustainably Reducing Childhood Diarrheal Deaths in Developing Countries

2016 ◽  
pp. 1208-1227
Author(s):  
Monica Gray
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Industrialized Nations ◽  
Sub Saharan

Diarrhea is the second leading cause of death and is the major cause of malnutrition in children under age 5 worldwide. More than 50 percent of the cases occur in developing countries, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia. Open defecation, substandard fecal disposal systems, and contaminated water supplies are the typical causes of diarrheal diseases. This public health crisis in low income countries mirrors the experiences of today's industrialized nations two centuries ago. The lessons learned from their sanitary evolution can be instructive in charting a sustainable path towards saving the lives of almost 2 million children annually. In this chapter a case study of Cuba's sanitary reformation is also presented to showcase successes, similar to those of developed countries, within a developing country and economically challenging context.

Working Men Views of Poverty

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 480-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roni Strier ◽  
Zvi Eisikovits ◽  
Laura Sigad ◽  
Eli Buchbinder
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Working Poor ◽  
Meaning Of Work ◽  
The Social ◽  
Constructivist Perspective ◽  
And Gender ◽  
And Coping ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Poor Population

Despite the alarming numbers of workers living in poverty in developed countries, work is still commonly seen as a way out of poverty. From a social constructivist perspective and based on qualitative research of the working poor in Israel, the article explores low-income Arab and Jewish working men’s views of poverty. It addresses research topics such as the meaning of work, the perception of the workplace, and the experience of poverty and coping strategies. In addition, the article examines the presence of ethnic differences in the social construction of in-work poverty. At the theoretical level, the article questions dominant views of work as the main exit from poverty, highlights the impact of gender and ethnicity in the construction of in-work poverty, and suggests the need for more context and gender-informed policies to respond to the complexity of the male working poor population.

scholarly journals The Impact of Various Mode of Financings in Reducing Inequality in Various Groups of Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-43
Author(s):  
Irma Yuliani ◽  
Muhammad Abdul Rohman
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Islamic Banks ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Islamic Bank ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect

The existence of Islamic bank not always provide positive impact to the real sector of economy. Declining inequality is one of the expected significant impacts with appyling mode of financing as instrument to relize that. This study aims to investigate the impact of mode of financing was applied by Islamic bank to reduce inequality among countries of IsDB Group. World bank data and IDB data of Islamic banks are employed as samples from 1977 to 2018. The results show that equity and leasing have a positive effect and significant to reduce inequality for low income countries, where the leasing or ijarah have the most effective impact than all. In addition, instalment sale of financing has a significant impact to reduce inequality for middle-income countries, loan is being the only significant mode of financing to reduce inequality in all IDB countries. Unfortunately, Mudharabah, PLS (profit and loss sharing), Murabahan and Istishna have not significantly impact to reduce inequality

Genesis of Development Macroeconomics and National Accounts in Developing Countries

2020 ◽  
pp. 127-138
Author(s):  
Giovanni Andrea Cornia
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Informal Economy ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Fiscal Policies ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
National Accounts ◽  
The Impact

The chapter discusses the reasons whycKeynesian policies and development macroeconomics in low-income countries received any attention relatively late, as well as the factors that led to a gradual acceptance of demand-side measures. It also discusses the data, conceptual, and accounting problems encountered when measuring economic performance in low-income countries, including the importance of self-consumption, barter, unilateral transactions, and unrecorded monetary transactions in the informal economy. All this reduces the impact of monetary and fiscal policies and underline the importance of structural policies. The chapter also discusses the accounting conventions and practices used to overcome such problems, and the impact all this has on the estimates of the main macroeconomic aggregates and the evaluation of the impact of public policies.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF TRIPS ON IPRs PROTECTION IN JORDAN, AS A PRIME EXAMPLE OF A DEVELOPING COUNTRY

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (Special) ◽  
pp. 154-162
Author(s):  
Mohammad Abdulmahdi Amin Alfaouri
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Ethical Attitude ◽  
The Impact

In the last few decades, the developing countries have witnessed a remarkable increase in the infringement of intellectual property rights thus conventions and treaties were held to reduce these infringements, in particular, the TRIPS Treaty (Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights).This study attempts to explain the causes of intellectual property rights infringements and the efficient means for intellectual property rights protections by taking Jordan as an example. The study finds that TRIPS Treaty, which is the latest international action to enhance the protection level, consumer's ethical attitude, development expenditure, economic policies, weakness of law enforcement, and low-income in developing countries are important factors to explain the level of IP protection. Because of all of these, the infringements became a phenomenon in developing countries that firstly need amendments in their intellectual property laws to apply the criminal sanctions jointly by civil remedies, owing to the fact of the shock value or general deterrence to enhance the commitment to the law and to remit this phenomenon, furthermore, the state will follow up on the cost of prosecution without involving the owners of the rights personally in many cases. On the other hand, literature revealed that the infringements of IPRs became a phenomenon because the TRIPS Treaty prepared for the benefits of the large companies, thus the developing countries' legislation, economic and consumer's ethical attitude got affected negatively. In addition, the developed countries threatened them by sanctions if they didn't make retroactively amendments on their legislation, which also led to prevent them to adopt the necessary measures that mitigate the negative impact on their economic and social life. Regarding the applied research method, this paper used secondary data sources and applied the descriptive and comparative analytical legal approaches to illustrate the most important points and findings on the topic.

scholarly journals A Comment on: “ State Capacity, Reciprocity, and the Social Contract” by Timothy Besley

Econometrica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 1351-1358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elias Papaioannou
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Markets ◽  
Social Contract ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Theoretical Approach ◽  
Nation Building ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Authoritarian Populism ◽  
The Social

In this note, I discuss avenues for future research stemming from Besley's [this issue] theoretical approach on the interconnections between civicness, institutions, and state‐fiscal capacity. First, I lay down some ideas on how one could extend the framework to model fragility traps that characterize many low‐income countries and study issues related to nation‐building, conflict, and heterogeneity across space and ethnic lines in the provision of public goods. Second, I discuss the relevance of the approach for the analysis of authoritarian populism that is spreading in developed countries and emerging markets.

Present Status of Renal Replacement Therapy in Asian Countries

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 280-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavan Kumar Rao Navva ◽  
Subramanyam Venkata Sreepada ◽  
Karopadi Shivanand Nayak
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Renal Replacement Therapy ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Charitable Organizations ◽  
The Status ◽  
Dialysis Facilities

Background: Asia is a huge and populous continent with diverse economies where the status of renal replacement therapy varies among different countries. Summary: The penetration of dialysis is poor among low income countries like India and China. A lack of trained nephrologists and limited numbers of dialysis facilities plague South Asian countries. Most of the hemodialysis centers are in the private sector; the few centers that are government-run or run by charitable organizations cannot meet growing needs. China has shown that twice-a-week hemodialysis can be feasible in female patients with small build. Peritoneal dialysis (PD) has less penetration among the developing countries than the developed countries in Asia. Novel schemes in India including the ‘once-in-a-lifetime payment' scheme and an insurance scheme for peritonitis are attracting more patients to PD. New biocompatible PD solutions and home care facilities have brought down the peritonitis rates. The PD-first policy in Thailand alongside the domestic manufacture of PD fluids has decreased the cost of PD there. Iran has shown drastic changes in its PD policy (from 0 to 1,150 recruitments in 5 years) in spite of its high transplantation rate. Home hemodialysis is practiced in mostly affluent countries like Japan, where again it accounts for only 0.1% of all hemodialysis. Key Messages: Developing countries should have more budgetary allocation for chronic ailments such as chronic kidney disease that can be utilized for training programs and establishing dialysis units, and thus meet the growing demands for renal replacement therapy. PD should be encouraged and adopted as first modality of renal replacement therapy considering its ease and economy.

scholarly journals FOOD WASTAGE: CAUSES, IMPACTS AND SOLUTIONS

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-20
Author(s):  
Aviyan Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Water Footprint ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Global Level ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Food Wastage

Each year one third of all the produced food for human consumption is lost or wasted. Food wastage scales up the number of hungry people throughout the world and impairs the global food security. Food wastage not only decreases the availability of food, it also reduces the resources needed to produce food for future generation. In many low-income countries, there is considerable loss due to poor storage facilities and lack of capacity to transport produced food immediately after harvesting. Confusion arising from the existence and poor understanding of different food date labels are a major indirect causes of food wastage in developed countries. The quantitative and qualitative impacts of food wastage can be addressed through food wastage footprint. The total food wastage accounts for 3.3Gtonnes of CO2 equivalent. Globally, the blue water footprint of food wastage is about 250km3 equivalent to three times the volume of Lake Geneva. Produced but uneaten food occupies almost about 1.4 billion hectares of land; this represents close to 28% of the world’s agricultural land area. It is difficult to estimate the impact on biodiversity at global level. The impacts are assessed through deforestation due to agricultural expansion and species threatened during agricultural practices. Food wastage also leads to loss of economic value of food entities. Each year, 1 trillion USD is lost through food loss and waste at global level. The broad level of causes and impacts enable us to identify number of solutions to reduce food wastage. Improved practices at harvest and post-harvest stages by adopting new technical innovations could be the best way to mitigate losses in developing countries. Consumer’s behavior should be modified to reduce waste at down-stream level. The government and development partners have to develop sustainable initiatives through effective policies and raise awareness among the people to solve food wastage problem.

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