scholarly journals GENDER ROLE IN COMMERCIAL VEGETABLE FARMING AND HOUSEHOLD INCOME IN BIRENDRANAGAR MUNICIPALITY OF NEPAL

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-04
Author(s):  
Dhirendra Man Thapa ◽  
Ram Kumar Pant
Keyword(s):  
Gender Role ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Extension Services ◽  
Joint Decision ◽  
Vegetable Farming ◽  
Secondary Information

Vegetable production plays an important role in food security, poverty reduction and household income. Although vegetables are an important emerging cash crop for the agricultural sector in Nepal. The study was conducted to examine the contribution of CVF in household income, gender involvement, extension services and problem associated with CVF in Birendranagar Municipality ward number 14 (Gadhi) and 15 (Ratu) Surkhet, Nepal in 2018. The purposive sampling method was followed to select the respondents. A total of 90 respondents were selected from ward number fourteen (n=45) and fifteen (n=45) respectively. A pre-tested and standard interview schedule was employed for household survey to collect primary information. And various available documents of the governmental and non-governmental organizations were used for secondary information. The findings of the study revealed that vegetable farming has major contribution in household income. Joint decision making were done in crop selection and marketing by households. However, technology related and direct money related activities were decided more by male. Most of the activities related to commercial vegetable farming are performed jointly. However, laborious activities like nursery bed preparation, field preparation were done by male and tedious works like manure mixing; intercultural operations were done by female. Female farmers had lesser access to agriculture extension services. Commercial vegetable farming was not new enterprise for them and most of the farmers were highly motivated by their neighbor. Majority of youths were engaged in commercial vegetable farming and all farmers were satisfied with this job. Thus, with commercial vegetable farming, gender role had been changing overtime and it has created a good employment opportunities and aided household income. So, with proper management of the roles of gender, inputs and trainings enhance the commercial vegetable farming in study area.

scholarly journals Diversification on Small Farms: An Empirical Investigation of Panel Data for 2001–10

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (Special Edition) ◽  
pp. 233-249
Author(s):  
Sadia Hussain ◽  
Farah Said
Keyword(s):  
Household Income ◽  
Rural Economy ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Land Markets ◽  
Small Farms ◽  
Rural Pakistan ◽  
The Impact

Pakistan’s agricultural sector has experienced restructuring over the last decade, from changes in land markets to the move toward nonagricultural labor markets. However, agriculture remains one of the most important sources of livelihood, accounting for 45 percent of the country’s workforce. It is also a key policymaking area, but the role of small farmers in poverty reduction is still being examined. The future of small farms cannot be viewed in isolation, that is, without taking into account their synergies with nonfarm rural activities. We measure the impact of diversifying sources of livelihood on household income and consumption among small farms in rural Pakistan. Using a balanced panel of 2,058 households from the Pakistan Panel Household Survey (2001–10), we find that both consumption and income are (i) significantly higher for households that have diversified their sources of income and (ii) diversified households also plant greater varieties of crops. These results suggest that nonagricultural activities tend to complement agricultural activities with a view to improving welfare in a rural economy.

scholarly journals Enhancing rural livelihoods in Tanza-nia : A small-holder farmers’ perspective

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abel Kinyondo ◽  
Joseph Magashi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Rural Livelihoods ◽  
Sustainable Livelihood ◽  
Extension Services ◽  
The Past ◽  
Small Holder Farmers ◽  
The Government ◽  
Small Holder

Poverty reduction has been a difficult milestone for Tanzania to achieve despite recording remarkable economic growth over the past decade. This is because the attained growth is not inclusive, in that sectors contributing to this growth employ fewer people. Given the fact that agriculture continues to employ the majority of people in Tanzania, efforts to improve livelihoods should necessarily be geared towards transforming the sector. It is in this context that using a sample of 3,000 farmers from 13 regions of Tanzania; this Tanzania, this study set out to examine challenges facing farmers and their respective solutions following the sustainable livelihood framework. Findings show that improving farmers’ livelihoods would entail concerted efforts by the government to avail to farmers, quality and affordable seeds, fertilizer, agricultural infrastructures, subsidies, extension services, markets, information alert, affordable loans, and areas for pastures. This implies that the government needs to allocate enough funds to the agricultural sector if farmers’ needs are to be met. We note, however, that government’s allocation to the sector has alarmingly generally been exhibiting a declining trend for the past four years. It is against this background that we strongly recommend that the government rethinks its position and prioritize the agricultural sector in its budget.

scholarly journals Can Access to Social Facility Help Poverty Reduction in Agricultural Sector? Evidence from Indonesia

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Arsyad ◽  
Yoshio Kawamura ◽  
Syarifuddin Yusuf ◽  
Muh. Hatta Jamil ◽  
Andi Nuddin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Center ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Income Poverty ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Public Health Center

Poverty in agricultural sector is still becomes a serious issue in developing country, and Indonesia is no exception. Our previous study was focusing on poverty and income (income poverty). This paper, however, deals with a substantive question, can access to social facility (non-income) help poverty reduction in agriculture? The study (also) utilized previous model of Dimensionality Test, Factor and Path Analysis to answer the question. The results show that the higher government transfer source income in terms of Social safety Net Program, the more money for smallholders will be. This leads us to argue that transfer income from the government to the smallholder community can be still considered in maintaining smallholders’ daily life, means helping them move out poverty. The better access to social services such as primary public health center (called PUSKESMAS), clean water supplied by PDAM (Local Government Division for Drinking Water Affairs) and secondary school is, the higher the household income will be. Thus, if PUSKESMAS, primary and secondary schools as well as clean water sources are nearer, the less time and money will be spent to travel, then the more household income at hand will be saved. In other words, distance and degree of utilization appear to be a crucial part of these interpretations above. Therefore, it is reasonable to say that the better the access to social services such as public health center, schools and public clean water, the more household income will be and in turn it will alleviate the poverty of smallholders. It is clear that providing better access to social facility can help poverty reduction in agricultural sector.

scholarly journals GENDER PARTICIPATION IN ACTIVITIES AND DECISIONS OF VEGETABLE CULTIVATION IN SURKHET, NEPAL

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-13
Author(s):  
Bishal Bista ◽  
Pankaj Raj Dhital ◽  
Suraj Acharya ◽  
Sagar Dahal ◽  
Bibek Dahal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Capacity Development ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Extension Services ◽  
Joint Decision ◽  
Vegetable Farmers ◽  
Supportive Role ◽  
Vegetable Farming ◽  
Farm Produce ◽  
Vegetable Cultivation ◽  
Gender Participation

A study was conducted in Surkhet, Nepal in 2020 to identify and assess the gender participation in various activities and decisions of vegetable cultivation. A total of 120 vegetable farmers were selected; 30 farmers from four different municipality. The results revealed that most of the vegetable farming activities are done jointly, whereas, laborious and taxing activities like ploughing and spraying pesticides were exclusively done by male, and sowing/ raising nursery, picking/harvesting, and marketing of farm produce were predominantly done by female. Regarding the decisions related to vegetable cultivation, majority of the decision were joint decision; consent of both male and female. However, male had greater authoritative power, and female performed supportive role. Gender sensitization, awareness in society, education for women, and extension services should be provided for empowerment and capacity development of women by government and related organizations. This will help to widen the parochial outlook of women, which will ultimately enhance their participation in decision-making process.

Effects of Rural Non-Farm Employment on Poverty and Income Distribution: Evidence for Macedonia and Slovenia

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Moellers
Keyword(s):  
Income Distribution ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Farm Families ◽  
Gini Coefficients ◽  
Economic Vulnerability ◽  
Poverty Risk ◽  
High Dependency ◽  
Survey Results

Most of the poor in Eastern Europe belong to families with at least one working member, meaning that work per se does not protect families from poverty. As farm families in particular are characterized by an elevated poverty risk, rural non-farm employment (RNFE) could, however, curtail increases in economic vulnerability and inequality. This article analyzes the effect of RNFE on poverty reduction and inter-household income distribution in rural Macedonia and Slovenia. The research is based on an empirical household survey. Results show a high dependency on non-farm incomes; smaller farms particularly benefit from RNFE. The analysis of decomposed Gini coefficients reveals a smoothing effect of non-farm employment on income distribution.

scholarly journals Determinants of Small-Scale Commercial Vegetable Farming Among Vegetable Growers in Nepal

SAGE Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 215824402110101
Author(s):  
Niraj Prakash Joshi ◽  
Luni Piya
Keyword(s):  
Land Tenure ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Land Development ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Vegetable Farming

Various socio-economic factors play important roles in the adoption of commercial vegetable farming. Understanding these factors is crucial in enhancing the existing low rate of vegetable commercialization in Nepal, thereby achieving the overall development goal of poverty reduction. This article analyzes the personal, technical, and business factors associated with the adoption using Nepal Vegetable Crops Survey 2009–2010 data. A probit analysis is carried out. Caste/ethnicity is a critical factor hindering the adoption in Nepal. An awareness program to facilitate marketing of vegetables produced by the socially disadvantaged caste/ethnic groups and targeting them in interventions would be helpful in enhancing the rate of vegetable commercialization. Similarly, facilitating access to technical factors, mainly technical assistance, chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and improved seeds, would promote commercial vegetable farming. Such interventions can be introduced in vegetable production potential areas of Hills and Tarai. Land consolidation might not be important. Rather, any program or policies to facilitate secure land-tenure, which encourages farmers to invest in land development, would boost vegetable commercialization. Similarly, identification of vegetable cultivation areas and provision of irrigation in those land parcels would be vital.

scholarly journals Does the Labor Market Structure Explain Differences in Poverty in Rural Punjab?

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (Special Edition) ◽  
pp. 139-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rashid Amjad ◽  
G. M. Arif ◽  
Usman Mustafa
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Market Structure ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Good Opportunity ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Poverty Levels

The main focus of this study is Rural Punjab and it contributes to regional poverty research in two ways; first, using a more recent household survey data, carried out in August 2007 by the Pakistan Institute of Development Economics (PIDE), it provides fresh poverty estimates for the rural areas of the Punjab. Second, the poverty differential across the agroclimatic zones of Punjab have been explained by urbanization, overseas migration and the labor market structure operating in these zones. This study shows four major factors that explain inequalities in poverty levels. First, the rural areas of two zones, barani and rice/wheat, are well integrated with urban settings. This integration has allowed their rural populations to work in the industrial sector of Central Punjab and the services sector in North Punjab primarily Rawalpindi and Islamabad. Second, the belt from Lahore to Attock in the Punjab has benefited the most from overseas migration. The flow of remittances has helped in reducing poverty levels. Third, the cotton/wheat and low intensity zone still largely depend for employment on the agricultural sector while this dependency is very low in the barani zone, which has good opportunity to seek job opportunities for its labor force in the armed services and government departments. Finally, demographic and social factors including education are less favorable in the cotton/wheat and low intensity zones which negatively impacts on a breakthrough in poverty reduction.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Vegetable Biodiversity in Terai and Hilly Belts of Chitwan, Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
P. Devkota ◽  
S. Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Vegetable Farming ◽  
Farm Community ◽  
On Farm

The study was conducted to assess biodiversity and conservation aspects of vegetable crops in two different geographical areas of the Chitwan district. The household survey was carried out in Kailash (hill) and Nayabasti (terai) of Chitwan. Descriptive analysis, mean comparison, correlations, and biodiversity indices were used for data analysis. On the basis of biodiversity index, evenness, the adequate number of species, and Sorenson’s coefficient, open-pollinated (OP) (nonhybrid) vegetables were more diverse in hills than in terai, while hybrid vegetables are more diverse in terai than in hills. Hybrid vegetables were mostly grown in terai, where the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides was also higher. OP vegetables dominated hilly areas. Gurung ethnic community had a significant role in the conservation of indigenous vegetable biodiversity. The primary source of seed was home storage in the case of OP vegetables in hills. However, in terai, agro-concerns were used as a significant source of seeds, followed by co-operatives. Co-operatives’ involvement was high in terai as compared to hills, but the role was not significant in vegetable farming. In contrast, assistance in vegetable farming from agriculture service provider organizations was higher in hills as compared to terai. The major problem in vegetable farming was lack of irrigation in both areas, followed by market inaccessibility in hills, whereas climate change was rising as a problem in terai. Markets of produced goods were farm gate, local markets, and distant markets. A middleman mostly did the price determination of the products. Off-season vegetable farming was not practiced in the study areas. However, off-farm vegetable production was typical in hilly areas. Indigenous and OP vegetable biodiversity has been facing various challenges despite their roles in nutrition, indigenous knowledge promotion, and food security. Hence, it is suggested to strengthen government policy toward irrigation facility development, gene bank establishment, marketing facilities, and technology transfer and develop on-farm community based intense organizations for sustainable vegetable diversity conservation.

scholarly journals Commercial vegetable farming: Constraints and opportunities of farmers in Kirtipur, Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 101-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohan Kumar Rai ◽  
Pashupati Nepal ◽  
Dhyanendra Bahadur Rai ◽  
Basanta Paudel
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Farm Households ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Green Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Vegetable Products ◽  
Vegetable Farming ◽  
Alternative Sources

   Vegetable farming is one of the alternative sources of earning livelihood and becoming important agricultural practices for income generation and employment opportunities. This paper aims to analyze the constraints and opportunities of vegetable farmers in Kirtipur. Altogether 80 farm household survey were conducted in four major areas of Kirtipur. A total of 20 key informant interviews (KII) were also conducted to understand the perception of farm households on commercial vegetable farming. The result shows that around 94% of the total sampled farm households have leasehold farmland that has spread to different settlements of Kirtipur Municipality. Out of total leasehold farmers, 69% have written agreement with the landowner. The result also shows that the farmers cultivate vegetables in an average area of 5.67 ropani (2884.49m2). Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) are the primary vegetable products, whereas cauliflower (Brassica oleracea) and other green leafy vegetables are mostly cultivated as secondary vegetable products. Dug wells are the major sources of irrigation on vegetable farmland. Out of the total sampled farm households, about 42% of farmers are associated with farmers group and 37% have basic training on vegetable farming. Majority of farmers have savings from vegetable production and marketing. Despite few constraints like price fluctuation (81%) and high middleman margins (71%), vegetable farming in Kirtipur has many opportunities particularly being a major source income and livelihood (93%), self-employment generation (87%) and growing market demand (83%). The opportunities in commercial vegetable farming have continuously attracted the farmers in Kirtipur; however, the existing constraints has deprived farmers from their expected returns. Therefore, this paper recommends to portray possible options to promote opportunities and overcome the existing constraints to retain commercial vegetable farming as a sustainable source for farm households in Kirtipur.

Financial and monetary policy of the State and its impact on the income level and poverty reduction in Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 964-990
Author(s):  
N.I. Kulikov ◽  
V.L. Parkhomenko ◽  
Akun Anna Stefani Rozi Mobio
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
The State ◽  
Financial Policy ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Gdp Growth Rate ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Subject. We assess the impact of tight financial and monetary policy of the government of the Russian Federation and the Bank of Russia on the level of household income and poverty reduction in Russia. Objectives. The purpose of the study is to analyze the results of financial and monetary policy in Russia and determine why the situation with household income and poverty has not changed for the recent six years, and the GDP growth rate in Russia is significantly lagging behind the global average. Methods. The study employs methods of analysis of scientific and information base, and synthesis of obtained data. The methodology and theoretical framework draw upon works of domestic and foreign scientists on economic and financial support to economy and population’s income. Results. We offer measures for liberalization of the financial and monetary policy of the government and the Central Bank to ensure changes in the structure of the Russian economy. The proposed alternative economic and financial policy of the State will enable the growth of real incomes of the population, poverty reduction by half by 2024, and annual GDP growth up to 6 per cent. Conclusions. It is crucial to change budget priorities, increase the salaries of public employees, introduce a progressive tax rate for individuals; to reduce the key rate to the value of annual inflation and limit the bank margin. The country needs a phased program to increase the population's income, which will ensure consumer demand.

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