In Vivo Antiplasmodial and Antipyretic Activities of Ethanol Leaf Extract of Ananas Comosus (L.) Merr

Oxidative stress has gained attention as one of the fundamental mechanisms responsible for the development of hypertension. The present study investigated in vitro and in vivo antioxidant effects of 70% ethanol-water (v/v) leaf and root extracts of T. officinale (TOL and TOR, respectively). Total phenolic and flavonoid content of plant extracts were assessed using Folin Ciocalteau and aluminium chloride colorimetric methods; while, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrlhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) protocols were used to determine the free radical scavenging and total antioxidant capacities (TAC), respectively. The in vivo total antioxidant capacity and malondialdehyde acid (MDA) levels for lipid peroxidation tests were performed on organ homogenate samples from Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME)-induced hypertensive rats treated with leaf extract, TOL (500 mg/kg/day) and TOR (500 mg/kg/day) for 21 days. Results showed that compared to TOR, TOL possessed significantly higher (p < 0.01) polyphenol (4.35 ± 0.15 compared to 1.14 ± 0.01) and flavonoid (23.17 ± 0.14 compared to 3 ± 0.05) content; free radical scavenging activity (EC50 0.37 compared to 1.34 mg/mL) and total antioxidant capacities (82.56% compared to 61.54% ABTS, and 156 ± 5.28 compared to 40 ± 0.31 FRAP) and both extracts showed no toxicity (LD50 > 5000 mg/kg). TOL and TOR significantly (p < 0.01) elevated TAC and reduced MDA levels in targets organs. In conclusion, T. officinale leaf extract possesses significant anti-oxidant effects which conferred significant in vivo antioxidant protection against free radical-mediated oxidative stress in L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats.

Download Full-text

Antidiabetic activity of the ethyl acetate fraction of Ficus lutea (Moraceae) leaf extract: comparison of an in vitro assay with an in vivo obese mouse model

BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1186/s12906-016-1087-z ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Oyinlola O. Olaokun ◽

Lyndy J. McGaw ◽

Ilse Janse van Rensburg ◽

Jacobus N. Eloff ◽

Vinny Naidoo

Keyword(s):

Mouse Model ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽

In Vitro Assay ◽

Antidiabetic Activity ◽

Obese Mouse ◽

Vitro Assay ◽

Ficus Lutea

Download Full-text

Aqueous extracts of avocado pear (Persea americana Mill.) leaves and seeds exhibit anti-cholinesterases and antioxidant activities in vitro

Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology ◽

10.1515/jbcpp-2015-0049 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 27 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Ganiyu Oboh ◽

Veronica O. Odubanjo ◽

Fatai Bello ◽

Ayokunle O. Ademosun ◽

Sunday I. Oyeleye ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Leaf Extract ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Seed Extract ◽

Persea Americana ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Natural Treatment

AbstractAvocado pear (The inhibitory effects of extracts on AChE and BChE activities and antioxidant potentials (inhibition of FeThe extracts inhibited AChE and BChE activities and prooxidant-induced TBARS production in a dose-dependent manner, with the seed extract having the highest inhibitory effect and the leaf extract exhibiting higher phenolic content and radical scavenging abilities, but lower Fe chelation ability compared with that of the seed. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of saponins, alkaloids, and terpenoids in both extracts, whereas the total alkaloid profile was higher in the seed extract than in the leaf extract, as revealed by GC-FID.The anti-cholinesterase and antioxidant activities of avocado leaf and seed could be linked to their phytoconstituents and might be the possible mechanisms underlying their use as a cheap and natural treatment/management of AD. However, these extracts should be further investigated in vivo.

Download Full-text

SUPPRESSION EFFECT OF MAHKOTA DEWA (PHALERIA MACROCARPA) LEAF EXTRACT IN CHITOSAN NANOPARTICLES ON THE SMALL INTESTINE OF DEXTRAN SULFATE SODIUM-INDUCED MICE: FOCUS ON MITOSIS AND HYPERPLASIA

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i6.24159 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 118

Author(s):

Kusmardi Kusmardi ◽

Arif Ramadhan Tamzir ◽

Santi Widiasari ◽

Ari Estuningtyas

Keyword(s):

Small Intestine ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Dextran Sulfate ◽

Dextran Sulfate Sodium ◽

Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽

Negative Control ◽

Suppression Effect ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Phaleria Macrocarpa

Objective: The incidence of small intestine cancer (SIC) is rising despite available preventive measures. Kaempferol and quercetin are a potential chemopreventive agent for SIC, but in vivo findings are inconclusive. We aim to study the effects of kaempferol and quercetin on colitis-associated small intestine carcinogenesis in mice.Methods: Suppression effect was tested using mice divided into 6 groups of treatment, i.e.; normal (N) group, negative control (NC), leaf extract (medium dose [MD]) dose 12.5 and 25 mg/kg body weight (BW), leaf extract chitosan and nanoparticle of mahkota dewa (NPMD) dose 6.25 and 12.5 mg/kg BW. Dextran sulfate sodium induction of 1% w/v was administered through drinking water for 6 weeks of treatment. The suppression effect was observed histopathologically by counting the mitotic cells and hyperplasia cells of the crypt of small intestine with hematoxylin-eosin staining.Results: Mitosis cells mean of NC group was not significant difference either with MD 12.5 (p=0.394) or MD 6.5 (p=0.310). However, mitosis cell mean appears to be lower in the NPMD 12.5 (p=0.09) and NPMD 6.25 (p=0.05) groups than the NC group. There was a significant difference among the mean of hyperplasia NC group and MD and also NPMD group. Significant difference also can be showed between MD 12.5 and MD 25 (p=0.026), and between NPMD 6.25 and NPMD 12.5 (p=0.002), and between MD 12.5 and NPMD 12.5 (p=0.002).Conclusion: Our results demonstrate suppression of hyperplasia small intestine by either nanoparticle or extract of Phaleria macrocarpa extracts. The suppression of mitosis was showed by administration of nanoparticle.

Download Full-text

In vivo antidiarrheal study of ethanolic extracts of Mikania cordata and Litsea monopetala leaves

Bangladesh Journal of Pharmacology ◽

10.3329/bjp.v10i3.23402 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 562 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Fatema Nasrin ◽

Md. Lukman Hakim

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Castor Oil ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Positive Control ◽

Control Group ◽

P Value ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Ethanolic Extracts ◽

Antidiarrheal Activity

In this study the antidiarrheal activity of ethanolic extracts of the leaves of Mikania cordata and Litsea monopetala was evaluated. Diarrhea was induced in mice by oral administration of castor oil (0.5 mL) 30 min after the administration of the extracts. During a 4 hour study the number of diarrheal feces and percentage inhibition of the extracts (200 and 400 mg/kg body weight) was determined. Loperamide (3 mg/kg body weight) served as standard and belonged to the positive control group. The extracts exhibited potent antidiarrheal activity as well as achieved statistically significant p value (p<0.01 and p<0.05) compared to control group. Among the extracts the highest percentage inhibition of defecation (60%) was recorded for leaf extract (400 mg/kg body weight) of L. monopetala. So, the study corroborates the significant antidiarrheal activity of M. cordata and L. monopetala leaf extracts and raises the demand of further sophisticated investigation.

Download Full-text

Evaluation of Antioxidant Properties ofPhaulopsis fascisepalaC.B.Cl. (Acanthaceae)

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1093/ecam/nem098 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 227-231 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

S. A. Adesegun ◽

A. Fajana ◽

C. I. Orabueze ◽

H. A. B. Coker

Keyword(s):

Ascorbic Acid ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Reducing Power ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Chelating Ability

The antioxidant activities of crude extract ofPhaulopsis fascisepalaleaf were evaluated and compared with α-tocopherol and BHT as synthetic antioxidants and ascorbic acid as natural-based antioxidant.In vitro, we studied its antioxidative activities, radical-scavenging effects, Fe2+-chelating ability and reducing power. The total phenolic content was determined and expressed in gallic acid equivalent. The extract showed variable activities in all of thesein vitrotests. The antioxidant effect ofP. fascisepalawas strongly dose dependent, increased with increasing leaf extract dose and then leveled off with further increase in extract dose. Compared to other antioxidants used in the study, α-Tocopherol, ascorbic acid and BHT,P. fascisepalaleaf extract showed less scavenging effect on α,α,-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and less reducing power on Fe3+/ferricyanide complex but better Fe2+-chelating ability. These results revealed thein vitroantioxidant activity ofP.fascisepala.Further investigations are necessary to verify these activitiesin vivo.

Download Full-text

A Pilot Study on Antimalarial Effects of Moringa oleifera Leaf Extract in Plasmodium berghei Infection in Mice

Walailak Journal of Science and Technology (WJST) ◽

10.48048/wjst.2018.4593 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 151-156

Author(s):

Somrudee NAKINCHAT ◽

Voravuth SOMSAK

Keyword(s):

Plasma Glucose ◽

Crude Extract ◽

Plasmodium Berghei ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Moringa Oleifera ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

New Compounds ◽

Dose Dependent

The emergence and spread of antimalarial drug resistance of Plasmodium parasites, as well as hypoglycemia, during malaria infection, and subsequent death, are critical problems in malaria-endemic areas. Hence, finding new compounds, especially plant extracts having antimalarial and anti-hypoglycemic activities, are urgently needed. The present study aimed to investigate the antimalarial and anti-hypoglycemic effects of Moringa oleifera leaf extract in Plasmodium berghei infection in mice. Aqueous crude extract of M. oleifera leaves was freshly prepared and used for an efficacy test in vivo. Groups of ICR mice (5 mice in each) were infected with 1´107 infected red blood cells of P. berghei ANKA by intraperitoneal injection and given the extract orally with doses of 100, 500, and 1000 mg/kg for 4 consecutive days. Parasitemia and plasma glucose levels were subsequently measured. The results showed that M. oleifera leaf extract presented significant (p < 0.001) inhibition of parasitemia in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, this extract exerted anti-hypoglycemia effects in infected mice in a dose-dependent manner. The highest degrees of activity were found at a dose of 1000 mg/kg of the extract. Additionally, no effect on plasma glucose was found in normal mice treated with this extract. It can be concluded that aqueous crude extract of M. oleifera leaves exerted antimalarial and anti-hypoglycemic effects in P. berghei infection in mice.

Download Full-text