scholarly journals SCARRING AND ITS EFFECT ON THE STRUCTURE OF THE PAPILLARY PATTERN, REFLECTED IN THE TRACES OF DACTYLOSCOPIC ORIGIN

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Scar Tissue ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Scientific Validity ◽  
The Status ◽  
Internal Affairs ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Papillary Pattern

Introduction. Today, there are many statistical sources that show the number of people who have consulted with doctors about own dermatological problems, ie the dynamics of skin diseases is monitored, however, in medical institutions and law enforcement agencies you will not find any forensic accounts or statistics that would contained an array of information about people whose papillary patterns have anomalies (changes) caused by various factors other than congenital. On the one hand, this is due to a specific list of grounds for fingerprinting (part 2 article 26 of the Law of Ukraine “About National Police”, paragraph 1.3., 1.4., 1.5. of the Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs № 785 of September 11 year 2001 “About the validation of the Instruction on the order of functioning of the dactyloscopic account of expert service of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine”), on the other hand, by not giving to dactyloscopic information of this kind sufficient weight. To confirm the importance of such information for achieving the objectives of criminal proceedings, by using scientifically confirmed data we analyzed the prints of papillary patterns from the nail phalanges of the fingers on 200 dactylomaps, which were taken into accounting in the Rivne SRFC of the MIA from the different parts of Rivne region from July to September 2019, and, as a result the following is established: 1. From 200 dactylomaps of different persons on 170 these or those structural changes of papillary samples which are not connected with quality and the mechanism of dactyloscopy were detected which makes 85% of sample; 2. On 144 dactylocards out of 200, at least one papillary pattern of the nail phalanx of the finger which was reflected in the fingerprint showed the scarring changes in the structure of the skin, which is 72% of the sample; 3. On 117 dactylomaps out of 200, at least one papillary pattern of the nail phalanx of the finger which was reflected in the fingerprint represented areas without papillary lines, which is 58.5% of the sample. Main results of the research: the article outlines the status of solving the problem of papillary patterns deformations caused by scarring processes reflected in traces. Medical and forensic statistics (which in both cases are directly related to the presence of dermatological problems in humans) with an indication of its practicality for disclosing of crimes is provided. The problem topicality is analyzed, with a proposal of ways to solve it, scientists who are engaged in a deep study of skin deformations with papillary patterns are mentioned, indicated, what amount of dactylomaps of different persons was processed to determine the percentage of probability of forensic expert to obtain information of dactyloscopic origin, which reflects the papillary pattern scar deformities, detailed forensic and medical definition of the scar are provided. Not only their types are described, but also the characteristic features that have a direct impact on the result of reflection. Papillary patterns having scar and non-scar deformities of different nature: lime burn, linear cut, flesh separation, surgery, and shapes: linear, rounded, curved, etc are illustrated with explanations in this article. Scar differences, criteria for attribution and non-attribution of neoplasms to scars, or rather - manifestations of injured dermis in the formed scars (older than six months), epidermis and tracesare are described here too. A range of possible signs of scar and scar tissue that may appear in the trace if there are sufficient conditions for such kind of trace formation are outlined. Several types of skin injuries are explained and shown in the figures (with a description of their signs), which may appear in traces and are not scars. As well, the importance of taking into account the data викладеної to enhance the positive performance of fingerprinting and state-implemented electronic systems of personal monitoring/identification is underlined. Conclusions. The result of the research indicates the achievement of its goal. During the research, scientifically proven provisions and methods were used, deformation features of the papillary pattern caused by scars were described and illustrated, details that may appear in traces of this kind are particularized, an algorithm of defining deformed areas of the papillary pattern as scars is explained and mentioned when it should not be done, therefore, a scientifically sound mechanism for examining a dactyloscopic information, which reflects scarring of the skin, has been formed, which, in turn, increases the implementation level of the principles of completeness, objectivity, scientific validity, comprehensiveness, quality and positive resultiness of dactyloscopic examination of any scarred papillary pattern reflected in the trace.

scholarly journals Electronic Circular Dichroism of the Cas9 Protein and gRNA:Cas9 Ribonucleoprotein Complex

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 2937
Author(s):  
Monika Halat ◽  
Magdalena Klimek-Chodacka ◽  
Jagoda Orleanska ◽  
Malgorzata Baranska ◽  
Rafal Baranski
Keyword(s):  
Circular Dichroism ◽  
Conformational Changes ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Electronic Circular Dichroism ◽  
Guide Rna ◽  
Cas9 Protein ◽  
Rnp Complex ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Circular Dichroïsm

The Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9 protein (SpCas9), a component of CRISPR-based immune system in microbes, has become commonly utilized for genome editing. This nuclease forms a ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex with guide RNA (gRNA) which induces Cas9 structural changes and triggers its cleavage activity. Here, electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectroscopy was used to confirm the RNP formation and to determine its individual components. The ECD spectra had characteristic features differentiating Cas9 and gRNA, the former showed a negative/positive profile with maxima located at 221, 209 and 196 nm, while the latter revealed positive/negative/positive/negative pattern with bands observed at 266, 242, 222 and 209 nm, respectively. For the first time, the experimental ECD spectrum of the gRNA:Cas9 RNP complex is presented. It exhibits a bisignate positive/negative ECD couplet with maxima at 273 and 235 nm, and it differs significantly from individual spectrum of each RNP components. Additionally, the Cas9 protein and RNP complex retained biological activity after ECD measurements and they were able to bind and cleave DNA in vitro. Hence, we conclude that ECD spectroscopy can be considered as a quick and non-destructive method of monitoring conformational changes of the Cas9 protein as a result of Cas9 and gRNA interaction, and identification of the gRNA:Cas9 RNP complex.

Periodontal Probing: A Review

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 25-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwthar Nassar A Al Shayeb ◽  
Wendy Turner ◽  
David G Gillam
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Improve Efficiency ◽  
The Status ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Periodontal Probing

Periodontal probes are the main instruments that are used to assess the status of the periodontium, either for screening purposes or to evaluate periodontal changes throughout the treatment process. With increased knowledge and understanding of periodontal disease, the probes have evolved from a unidimensional manual shape into a more sophisticated computerised instrument. This is due to the need to increase the accuracy and reproducibility of readings and to improve efficiency (time, effort, money). Each probe has characteristic features that makes it unique and, in some cases, specific and limited to use. The aim of this paper is to present a brief introduction to periodontal disease and the methodology of measuring it, followed by probing limitations. The paper will also discuss the methodology of reducing probing error, examiner calibration and probing reproducibility.

Philosophers and Physicians on the Scientific Validity of Latin Physiognomy, 1200-1500

2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Ziegler
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Scientific Validity ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Rational Explanation ◽  
The Status ◽  
Jean Buridan ◽  
Natural Philosophers ◽  
Sound Theoretical Basis

AbstractThe article surveys and contextualizes the main arguments among philosophers and academic physicians surrounding the status of physiognomy as a valid science from the thirteenth to the early sixteenth centuries. It suggests that despite constant doubts, learned Latin physiognomy in the later Middle Ages was recognized by natural philosophers (William of Spain, Jean Buridan, William of Mirica) and academic physicians (Rolandus Scriptor, Michele Savonarola, Bartolomeo della Rocca [Cocles]) as a body of knowledge rooted in a sound theoretical basis. Physiognomy was characterized by stability and certainty. As a demonstrative science it was expected to provide rational explanation for every bodily sign. In this respect, learned physiognomy in the Middle Ages was dramatically different from its classical sources, from Islamic and possibly from early-modern physiognomy as well.

The Activity of Lawyers in the International Criminal Court: Theoretical and Practical Aspects

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 67-72
Author(s):  
Daria A. Sedova
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
International Law ◽  
International Criminal Court ◽  
International Criminal ◽  
World Order ◽  
Criminal Court ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Or Groups ◽  
The Status ◽  
Entire History

In the entire history of mankind, a large number of acts of violence and aggression have been committed. Over the past 50 years alone, there have been more than 400 interstate and intrastate conflicts that have claimed the lives of millions of people. Increasingly, there has been an urgent need to protect the violated rights of individuals. The idea of creating a single international body for the protection of human rights has been discussed more than once. For the first time, the idea of creating an international judicial body was expressed in 1948 by the UN General Assembly after the Nuremberg and Tokyo trials at the end of World War II, which issue has been discussed at the United Nations ever since. However, efforts to create such a mechanism have not been successful, despite the need for a permanent criminal court to prosecute and punish those who commit the most serious crimes. In 1998, this idea was realized. The International Criminal Court (ICC) has sought ways to establish a world order with a fair resolution of conflicts. It has long been recognized, the verdict of the Nuremberg Tribunal noted, that international law imposes duties and obligations on specific individuals as well as on the state. [] Crimes against international law are committed by people, not by abstract categories, and only by punishing individuals who commit such crimes can the provisions of international law be respected. To date, the ICC is successfully coping with the task of punishing those persons or groups of persons who have committed the international crimes listed in the Rome Statute. It would seem that the balance between good and evil has been found. The crime has been committed and the criminal punished. But it is important to note that the procedural issues have not been resolved as well as that of punishing criminals. An urgent matter today is the status of defenders of the accused in international criminal proceedings. This question requires not only a doctrinal, but also a practical understanding.

scholarly journals ʿIlm al-kalām in Mauretanien anhand maurischer Kommentare zur Iḍāʾat ad-duǧunna fī iʿtiqād ahl as-sunna von al-Maqqarī (st. 1041/1632)

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 751-794
Author(s):  
Gunhild Graf
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Education Curriculum ◽  
Western Sahara ◽  
Islamic Studies ◽  
The Status ◽  
Islamic Science ◽  
Characteristic Features

Abstract The present article intends to contribute to the research on the kalām (“theology”) in Mauritania. So far, this particular Islamic science has received little attention of Islamic studies outside Mauritania. Around a dozen Mauritanian and non-Mauritanian commentaries on the highly popular didactic poem Iḍāʾat ad-duǧunna of al-Maqqarī – until today part of the education curriculum in the cultural area of the Western Sahara – provide the basis of the present paper which is divided in two parts: Part one presents some characteristic features of Mauritanian literature and the status of ʿilm al-kalām in Mauritania. Part two deals with the Iḍāʾa and its (Mauritanian) commentaries. Some selected key verses of the Iḍāʾa and their interpretation by various commentators are discussed here. Particular attention is paid to autobiographical notes and the elaboration on some special terms (for example tauḥīd, ʿilm, auwal wāǧib). Further topics addressed include the dialogue between al-Ǧubbāʾī and al-Ašʿarī and the report on Ibn Barraǧān’s prediction of the conquest of Jerusalem from the crusaders by the Muslims in the year 583 H. Since many Mauritanian manuscripts about kalām have not been edited to the present day, even an approximate overview on the Mauritanian kalām literature is still out of sight. However, the investigation of the Mauritanian ʿilm al-kalām as a subbranch of studies on later kalām since the seventeenth century promises to provide highly relevant and intriguing insights.

scholarly journals STATUS OF EXPOSERS IN CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Drychyk
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Information Provision ◽  
Legal Liability ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
Legal Aid ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
The Status

The article describes and analyzes the peculiarities of the legal status of the defendants in criminal proceedings. There is a need for a thorough legal analysis of the legislative consolidation of the rights and guarantees of participation of this category of subjects both at the stage of pre-trial investigation and at trial. The result of the work is the conclusion about the possibility of the defendant's participation in criminal proceedings, his release from legal liability, the use of legal aid, confidentiality, provision of information, provision of information on the status and results of the examination, inspection and / or investigation, lodging an appeal.

scholarly journals Pedagogical conditions for the formation of counteraction to stressful phenomena in educational institutions

2021 ◽  
pp. 69-77
Author(s):  
Г.А. Арсаханова
Keyword(s):  
Skin Diseases ◽  
First Graders ◽  
Behavioral Disorder ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Daily Routine ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Control ◽  
Psychosomatic Diseases

Жизнедеятельность школьника полна проблем, решение которых приводит к стрессовым ситуациям. Прежде всего, это изменение социального статуса и изменение дошкольной деятельности ребенка на учебную. Статус школьника требует больше обязанностей, ответственности, дисциплинированности, структурированности режима дня, контроля собственных поступков. Даже в самом продуманном и хорошо налаженному жизни случаются ситуации, которые негативно влияют на детей и приводят к стрессу. Первоклассники не всегда готовы к таким изменениям, что вызывает ряд психофизиологических и поведенческих проявлений. В состоянии стресса поведение ребенка дезорганизовывается, наблюдаются неконтролируемые движения, определенные речевые отклонения, появляются эмоции, не соответствующие культуре взаимоотношений. Стресс – это сильное проявление эмоций вызывает комплексную физиологическую реакцию, это состояние душевного и поведенческого расстройства, связанного с неспособностью личности целесообразно действовать в соответствующих ситуациях. Из-за недостаточной сформированности эмоциональной сферы в школьном возрасте при частых стрессовых ситуациях у ребенка исчезает аппетит, наступает депрессия, снижается интерес к учебе, общению, наступает апатия. Стрессовые ситуации негативно сказываются на здоровье школьника, у ребенка появляется целый «букет» опасных психосоматических заболеваний: мигрень, гипертония, астма, артрит, аллергия, диабет, кожные болезни и тому подобное. The student's life is full of problems, the solution of which leads to stressful situations. First of all, this is a change in the social status and a change in the preschool activity of the child to the educational one. The status of a student requires more responsibilities, responsibility, discipline, structured daily routine, and control of one's own actions. Even in the most thoughtful and well-established life, there are situations that negatively affect children and lead to stress. First-graders are not always ready for such changes, which causes a number of psychophysiological and behavioral manifestations. In a state of stress, the child's behavior is disorganized, uncontrolled movements are observed, certain speech deviations appear, emotions that do not correspond to the culture of relationships. Stress-this strong manifestation of emotions causes a complex physiological reaction, this is a state of mental and behavioral disorder associated with the inability of the individual to act appropriately in appropriate situations. Due to the lack of formation of the emotional sphere at school age, with frequent stressful situations, the child's appetite disappears, depression sets in, interest in learning, communication decreases, and apathy sets in. Stressful situations negatively affect the health of the student, the child has a whole "bouquet" of dangerous psychosomatic diseases: migraine, hypertension, asthma, arthritis, allergies, diabetes, skin diseases, and the like.

Structural changes in the modern urban lifestyle

2020 ◽  
pp. 37-42
Author(s):  
Madina Arif kyzy Mekhdieva
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Ancient History ◽  
Geographical Environment ◽  
Urban Settlements ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Historical Nature

The article deals with the issues of urban settlements and urban lifestyle from the point of view of structural changes under the influence of transformational processes in the development of productive forces, tools and means of production. The author notes the historical nature of this process associated with the geographical environment, resources and migration flows under the influence of the development of capitalist relations. Some peculiarities of lifestyle in Baku as a city with an ancient history, with a number of characteristic features of a distinctive way of life, combining the traditions of several generations and different civilizations, are analyzed.

FOLK TEXT IN DIALOGIC MODE: ON THE STATUS OF THE LANGUAGE OF FOLKLORE

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-87
Author(s):  
Victoria A. Chervaneva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fairy Tales ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Theoretical Problem ◽  
Literary Language ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Folklore Studies ◽  
The Status ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Folk Tradition

The status of the language of folklore is a theoretical problem of Folklore Studies that has a long history, but it has become even more relevant recently due to the expansion of the Folklore Studies research field. Traditionally, characteristic features of the language of folklore were defined in relation to dialect and literary language, and the researchers supposed that the language of folklore is supradialectical phenomenon, like the literary language of dialect speakers. However, observations of linguistic organization of oral prose with a focus on reliability (mythological stories, etc.) show that these theoretical approaches are not applicable to such texts. The language of these texts is the colloquial (dialect, vernacular, or literary) speech existing in a dialogic mode and possessing all the structural features of spontaneous colloquial speech. The article suggests to distinguish between “the language of folklore” and “the language of folk tradition”, that is, the language of the genres of traditional folklore (songs, epics, fairy tales, etc.) – structurally ordered, “polished” by numeroius repetitions in the process of transmission, with a clearly expressed aesthetic function, and the language of everyday communication in which texts expressing traditional knowledge emerge and exist.

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