scholarly journals Transformation of foreign commerce of Ukraine: realities, problems, perspectives

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Textile Industry ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
Machine Building ◽  
Technical Equipment ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Foreign Commerce

The paper analyzes transformations of foreign trade in goods of Ukraine in 2000-2017. The choice of the study period is due to the fact that the "recovery" and the gradual growth of the Ukrainian economy after the long crisis of the 1990s has began since 2000. Ukraine had a mostly negative foreign commercial balance (except for 2000-2004 and 2015); generally balanced foreign trade; dangerous import dependency ratio; extremely economy openness index; the high exports ratio in 2000-2017. The volumes of export, imports and foreign commercial turnover had unstable dynamics with negative trends in 2008-2009 and 2013-2015. Base metals and their ware; plant products; animal or plant fats and oils were prevailed in the export component of the foreign commerce; mineral products; machines, equipment and mechanisms, electric and technical equipment; products of chemical and derivative industries were dominant in the structure of import in 2017. The export was characterized by increase in the share of products of the primary sector (due to crop production) and decrease in the secondary sector (due to metallurgy, machine building, chemical and textile industry) during 2001-2017. The import was characterized by decrease in the share of raw materials and increase in the share of all other goods during the mentioned period. Commodity structure of foreign trade became more proportional, without a highly dominant product. The Russian Federation, Poland, Turkey, Italy, India were the key partners in the export of goods, while those ones in the import were the Russian Federation, China, Germany, Poland, Belarus. The key partners remained during 2001-2017 (the Russian Federation, Poland, Turkey, Italy, China, Germany were key partner in export; In the import - the Russian Federation, Germany, Poland, Belarus, the USA, Italy were key partner in import. Despite the drastic decrease in trade relations with the Russian Federation, it remains the largest partner in the Ukrainian foreign commerce. Among the regions of the world, the largest trading partner of Ukraine in recent years is Europe with relevant reduction of CIS countries in the common share. It is necessary to provide a set of measures aimed at increasing the efficiency of export activity and import substitution in the certain sectors of the economy to balance foreign commerce of Ukraine.

scholarly journals Russia’s Foreign Trade under the Anti-Russian Sanctions

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 44-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kazantsev
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Machine Building ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Russian Government ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Impact

Development model based on the export of raw materials and high dependence on external economic conditions are among the main strategic threats to the national security of the Russian Federation in the field of economy. So, a number of states, not without reason, are trying to realize these threats in order to achieve their geopolitical goals by imposing different restrictions, various prohibitions and multiple sanctions. Some results of the analysis of the impact of the anti-Russian sanctions on the Russian foreign trade in 2014-2016 I present in this article. For the sphere of foreign trade, it is shown that the negative impact of prohibitions and sanctions, as well as adverse external and unfavourable internal processes and factors, had a greater impact, first of all, on the fuel and energy, petrochemical and machine-building complexes. The subjects of the Russian Federation with a high concentration of export and import, oil and gas extraction and metal-production were affected stronger than other regions. Along with this, the impact of sanctions and the response of the Russian government are stronger on the export of Russian products than on imports.

Study of the current state of foreign trade of the Russian Federation under the influence of the covid-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
pp. 35-44
Author(s):  
А.С. ПЕТРОВА ◽  
Е.Е. НОЕВА ◽  
В.М. ЗАРОВНЯЕВА
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Industry Trade ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Impact

Пандемия COVID-19 и ограничения, направленные на ее сдерживание, привели к снижению экономической активности, сокращению мировой торговли, оказали масштабное воздействие на мировую экономику, усилив существующие проблемы. Следствием замедления темпов экономического роста в глобальных масштабах, затронувшим большинство секторов экономики, стало падение спроса на энергоресурсы. Такая тенденция должна была неизбежно отразиться на показателях российской внешней торговли, в структуре которой значительную долю экспорта формирует именно топливно-энергетическое сырье. В данной работе представлен анализ современного состояния и особенностей реализации внешнеторговой деятельности РФ в условиях антиковидных ограничений. Исследована как товарная, так и географическая структура экспорта и импорта Российской Федерации до пандемии и в 2020 г. Дана оценка влиянию пандемии на торговлю услугами. Рассчитаны индексы внутриотраслевой торговли РФ. Полученные данные позволили оценить степень воздействия текущего экономического кризиса на изменение динамики показателей внешней торговли России. Анализ выявил явный дисбаланс в структуре, как экспорта, так и импорта, и серьезную зависимость от конъюнктуры энергетических рынков, сжатие которых привело к существенному сокращению экспортных поступлений. Основываясь на результатах проделанной работы, можно прийти к выводу, что ранее принятые меры, ориентированные на импортозамещение и развитие в РФ высокотехнологичных отраслей, пока явных положительных результатов не дают, по крайней мере, структура внешней торговли их не отражает. Если анализировать показатели внутриотраслевой торговли, то они свидетельствуют о слабой диверсификации экспорта, а также о неконкурентоспособности целых секторов российской экономики. В условиях новых вызовов и увеличения степени неопределенности следует взглянуть на роль РФ в международном разделении труда под новым углом. The COVID-19 pandemic and the restrictions aimed at containing it have led to a decrease in economic activity, a reduction in world trade, and had a massive impact on the global economy, exacerbating existing problems. The slowdown in economic growth on a global scale, which affected most sectors of the economy, resulted in a drop in demand for energy resources. This trend should inevitably affect the indicators of Russian foreign trade, in the structure of which a significant share of exports is formed by fuel and energy raw materials. This paper presents an analysis of the current state and features of the development of foreign trade activities of the Russian Federation in the context of antiquated restrictions. We investigated both the commodity and the geographical structure of exports and imports of the Russian Federation before the pandemic and in 2020. The impact of the pandemic on trade in services is assessed. The indices of intra-industry trade of the Russian Federation were calculated. The data obtained made it possible to assess the degree of impact of the current economic crisis on the change in the dynamics of indicators of Russia’s foreign trade. The analysis revealed a clear imbalance in the structure of both exports and imports, and a serious dependence on the conjuncture of energy markets, the contraction of which led to a significant reduction in export earnings. Based on the results of the work done, we can conclude that the previously adopted measures aimed at import substitution and the development of high-tech industries in the Russian Federation have not yet yielded clear positive results, at least the structure of foreign trade does not reflect them. If we analyze the indicators of intra-industry trade, they indicate a weak diversification of exports, as well as the lack of competitiveness of entire sectors of the Russian economy. In the face of new challenges and an increasing degree of uncertainty, one should look at the role of the Russian Federation in the international division of labor from a new angle.

High-tech export of the Russian Federation: current state and key trends

2021 ◽  
pp. 679-691
Author(s):  
Natalya Jurievna Rodigina ◽  
Liudmila Anatolievna Obuhovskaya ◽  
Oxana Eduardovna Kirtoake
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
High Technology ◽  
Machine Building ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Business Climate ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Consulting Services ◽  
Technology Services ◽  
The Russian Federation

Nowadays countries are focused on the development of high-techology industries, which will allow them to increase their competitiveness. However, Russia specializes in the export of raw materials and goods with a low degree of processing. In this regard, one of the key aims of Russia is to develop high-technoligy production and expand its presence in the markets of goods with a high degree of processing. The abstract reveals the export of high-technology goods and services. The article analyzes position of the Russian Federation in the world market of high-technology goods and services. Russia specializes in the export of such high-technology goods as aerospace production, nuclear technologies and weapons. Russia specializes in the export of such high-technology services as telecommunications, computer and information services, professional and consulting services, engineering services, services in technical fields and in the field of architecture. Special attention is paid to the promising directions of high-technology exports, the importers of Russian high-technology products and trends in exports and imports of high-technology goods as well as trends in exports of high-technology services. For example, Russia should develop exports of such high-technology goods as jet engines, nuclear reactors and their components, fuel rods, nuclear technologies and weapons. The most promising export directions from the machine-building industry are vehicles and equipment production. Russia should focus on the export of such high-technology services as information, telecommunications, computers, professional and consulting services. To stimulate the export of these services, it is necessary to create a favorable business climate in Russia, eliminate the shortage of specialists in the field of ICT, as well as improve the quality of their training.

Theoretical, methodological and practical development in strategic management of agro-economic growth in regions of the Russian Federation within the context of global and national trends in the formation of integrated economic relations

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (Extra-A) ◽  
pp. 155-160
Author(s):  
Zhansurat Sultanovna Zhangorazova ◽  
Eldar Safarovich Bakkuev ◽  
Elvira Ruslanovna Kokova ◽  
Rukiyat Omarovna Ugurchieva ◽  
Tatyana Evgenievna Khorolskaya
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
The Russian Federation

Modern conditions for the global economy development clearly indicate that the formation of competitive agrarian economy advantages in the Russian Federation is possible only with the use of an innovative development scenario and the large-scale use of the scientific and technological potential of high-tech industries. Of course, the complex of the most important criteria for the economic growth of the national economy determines the volume of the high-tech sector and the scientific and technical potential of the country at the present stage. The situation in the Russian market clearly implies the need for a quick solution to the main problems of developing high-tech sectors in the agro-industrial complex, accelerating import substitution and ensuring sustainable food security based on resource-saving technologies of agro-industrial production and deep processing of agricultural raw materials.

scholarly journals Regional Analysis of Russian Foreign Trade for Promoting International Cooperation and Import Substitution

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rinas Kashbrasiev ◽  
Anatoly Stepin
Keyword(s):  
International Cooperation ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
Regional Analysis ◽  
Machine Building ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Graphical Visualization ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Integrated Assessments ◽  
Comprehensive Study

This research is a continuation of the comprehensive study of foreign economic activity of the Russian Federation, conducted by the authors over the past several years. The article is devoted to the typology of Russian regions on import statistics, taking into account their sectoral characteristics. At the same time the main direction of the article is focused on solving problems of rationalization of import substitution, which became urgent after the geopolitical fallout of 2014. The methodology presented in this study is the author's uniquely designed method of typology of regions based on import statistics. The method includes a combination of integrated assessments of homogeneity/heterogeneity of regional import’s structure by seven commodity groupings used in Russian state statistics, and the graphical visualization of their results. The results of the typology are the following: the identification of several groups of regions, unequal in size, but relatively homogeneous in imported goods. The most representative group includes regions with predominant expenditures on imports of machine-building products (57 of 82 regions of the Russian Federation). This group of regions and the machine-building sector of the national economy were the basis for recommendations on the development of international cooperation and import substitution. Other groups of imports were not left without analysis.

scholarly journals The Role of Payments for Emissions of Pollutants From Associated Petroleum Gas Flaring as a Tool for Regulating the Rational Use of Natural Resources in the Oil-Producing Regions of the Russian Federation

2020 ◽  
pp. 198-214
Author(s):  
Irina A. Makarova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Repair Work ◽  
Associated Petroleum Gas ◽  
Rational Use ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Impact

For a long time, Russia was the leader in associated petroleum gas (APG) flaring. This led to the destruction of useful raw materials and environmental pollution. Due to the tightening of the state policy in the field of the APG rational use and the introduction of fees for APG flaring in 2012, oil producing companies had an incentive to use APG efficiently. In addition, the level of air pollution began to decline. The budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the oil-producing regions began to receive significant revenues. Some experts expected that the APG efficiency target would be achieved in 2014 or 2016. Unfortunately, some oil producers were unable to achieve the target. Moreover, at present, there is a reduction in payments for APG flaring in many regions. This causes concern for certain market participants. The object of this research is the impact of APG flaring fees on the level of rational APG use and on incomes of the oil-producing regions. The aim of the work is to study the role of these payments as a tool for regulating the rational use of APG. The analysis shows that the introduction of fees for emissions of pollutants generated by APG flaring plays an important role in ensuring the sustainable development of the regions. Firstly, this fee helps to improve the environmental situation in the region because the volume of gas flared has decreased significantly. Secondly, the application of fees for APG flaring contributes to an increase in the level of energy efficiency, the development and implementation of innovative technologies. Thirdly, the increase in APG deep processing makes it possible to obtain products required in the domestic industry. This improves the efficiency of the oil sector and accelerates import substitution. Fourthly, payments for emissions of pollutants generated during APG flaring form additional funds that can be spent on the development of the region. Fifthly, all oil-producing regions can be divided into two groups. The first group is a group that has practically reached or is very close to reaching the established limits for APG flaring. The second group of regions is a group for which reaching this target is still a difficult task. Experts point out the following reasons that prevent some oil-producing companies from achieving targets for APG flaring: (1) commissioning of new fields, which are characterized by an insufficient level of infrastructure development required for APG utilization; (2) closure of gas processing plants for repair work, which forces some companies to temporarily flare APG; (3) establishment of new benefits and exemptions; (4) geographic fragmentation of fields and limited reserves, which does not allow making the project for the rational use of APG profitable; (5) remoteness of some gas pipelines from the main oil-producing regions, difficult access to the gas transportation system.

scholarly journals Fuzzy cognitive modeling of product import and export impacts on food security

2021 ◽  
Vol 94 ◽  
pp. 01035
Author(s):  
A.F. Rogachev ◽  
E.V. Melikhova
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Cognitive Modeling ◽  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Economic Situation ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
The Russian Federation

The modern economy of the Russian Federation is in a difficult foreign economic situation, due to the sanctions pressure forced import substitution in a number of sectors of agricultural production. The sanctions imposed by developed countries led to a response from Russia, which imposed an embargo on certain groups of agricultural raw materials and food products. The aim of the research is to develop and implement software for fuzzy cognitive modeling of the level of food security in the context of import substitution, taking into account food exports. To determine the perspective directions of numerical estimation and increase the level of FS in modern Russia, by modeling and justifying import substitution, the method of fuzzy cognitive mathematical modeling is used, which allows us to build models of the evolution of the emerging level of interaction of key factors of the simulated system. The conducted cognitive modeling of the FS level showed that import substitution increases infrastructure costs and has a positive effect on the overall economic situation, as it determines the development of production. The study of the mutual influence of the import substitution factor, within the framework of ensuring the required level of FS, is limited by the existing conditions, largely determined by the sanctions pressure on the Russian Federation. It is shown that a promising area of research is the analysis of the sensitivity of the cognitive model to the influence of all key factors, as well as the search for factors that are most responsive to the control actions of the governing bodies.

scholarly journals REALIZATION OF IMPORT SUBSTITUTION POLICY IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE DAIRY INDUSTRY OF THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN)

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ольга Кириллова ◽  
Olga Kirillova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Investment Activity ◽  
Insufficient Amount ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Near Future

The problems of import substitution in Russia arose long ago, even before the introduction of anti-Russian sanctions and counter-sanctions. This is due to the fact, that Russia is an exporting country of raw materials, which led to import dependence on other countries. At present, there is an urgent need to introduce import substitution policies, insufficient amount of equipment and means of production, raw material and its sources, lack of effective infrastructure does not allow Russia to fully provide itself with the necessary food products. It is also important that, for example, there are foreign competitors in the dairy market, who sell their products much cheaper than Russian ones. A good example is Belarus. Recently, Armenia has become an active participant in the market, which exports cheese to Russia. But after all, as you know, if it’s cheaper, then the quality suffers. The volume of falsified products also increases. According to experts, Russian producers will not be able to satisfy the needs of the population in the near future, because it is necessary to increase the milch herd, significantly improve the village infrastructure, purchase the necessary equipment, etc. The volume of investments in this sector should be 200-500 billion rubles. This can not be done in a short time and therefore Russia will still depend on imports of dairy products from Belarus and other countries. Therefore, the Russian Federation needs to take the necessary measures that will enable the state to protect not only dairy, but also other branches of agriculture in Russia, which will immediately affect the quality and income of the country’s population. Fully apply import substitution in Russia will be unprofitable for the economy and will be associated with increased inflation, a decrease in savings, a reduction in investment activity, a deficit in the balance of payments.

scholarly journals Forecasting the size of the dairy market in anylogic environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 282 ◽  
pp. 01002
Author(s):  
Vera Konkina ◽  
Alexey Martynushkin
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Dynamic Models ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
Problem Analysis ◽  
Food Markets ◽  
Domestic Production ◽  
The World ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Government

The current situation at the market for food and agricultural raw materials is difficult, and critical for some industries. The processes of import substitution, that is, shaking-out imported products from the markets and the growth of domestic production, have significant differences for segments of the food market. There was a significant differentiation of food markets in the following main indicators: the growth rate of domestic production, the share of imports in resources, the share of exports in production, and the amount of state support. However, 2020 showed that the course taken by the Government and the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation for import substitution was not fully implemented, and a large share of products is imported from third countries that were not included in the sanctions list. Economic and mathematical modeling can partially solve this problem. Analysis of scientific literature on modeling the equilibrium at agri-food markets showed the absence of any actual domestic development. The most famous foreign conceptual models dated back to 1990-2000. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and the World Bank have developed such general and private equilibrium models as RUNS (Rural-Urban North South), MRT (Regional Trade MRT, Harrison), AGLINK COSIMO, etc. These recursive-dynamic models make it possible to determine the equilibrium parameters for the main types of products for almost all countries of the world, including the Russian Federation and all agricultural markets. However, the introduction of sanctions has stopped work in this direction.

scholarly journals Analysis of the State and Development Prospects of the Irrigation Equipment Fleet in the Russian Federation

2021 ◽  
Vol 295 ◽  
pp. 03004
Author(s):  
Gennadii Olgarenko ◽  
Sergei Turapin
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
Machine Building ◽  
Relevant Issue ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Serial Production ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Development Prospects

The article presents the results of monitoring the availability and state of production of irrigation machinery and equipment in Russia. Based on the information and analytical studies carried out, data on the structure of the irrigation equipment fleet are presented, taking into account the availability and supplies of Russian and imported equipment. A complex of engineering, technical, organizational, and managerial measures has been developed, aimed at providing agricultural producers with domestic irrigation machinery, corresponding to the modern scientific and technical level of technology development in the world. A relevant issue is not only the conduct of experimental design and technological work on the development of a new generation of sprinkling equipment, which has the author’s priority of the Russian Federation but also a comprehensive State policy is needed, which creates opportunities for Russian machine-building enterprises to organize and develop serial production, will reduce the dependence of the melioration industry on imported equipment, which is consistent with the goals of the Food Security Doctrine and the Import Substitution Strategy in the Russian Federation. AIC.

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