scholarly journals To the methodology of socio-geographical research of the internal displacement of the population

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Structural Equations ◽  
Internal Displacement ◽  
Mathematical Methods ◽  
Traditional Methods ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Geographical Research ◽  
Domestic Literature ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Traditional Industry

In this article, the author analyzes the approaches and methods of studying migration processes, in particular, forced internal displacement of the population. The analysis of foreign and domestic literature showed that domestic researchers of migration processes use traditional methods and approaches, while foreign scientists use interdisciplinary tools of approaches and methods. For a comprehensive socio-geographical study, it is necessary to combine traditional industry and interdisciplinary methods, which will reveal the real extent of forced internal displacement of the population at the regional and national levels. In addition, the use of this technique will allow conducting qualitative or quantitative studies of migrations, assessing the scale of migration processes, and revealing the structural and dynamic characteristics of migrants. To study the internal population displacement, the author suggests using the following approaches: geographical, systemic, synergetic, informational, historical, demographic, economic, legal, sociological, psychological, individual. The author considers the use of traditional methods of socio-geographical research of migration processes. Of great importance are philosophical and general scientific methods, in particular analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, observation, abstraction, and others. The necessity of using sociological and mathematical-statistical methods is substantiated. In this case, depending on the type of data collected, use qualitative (coding or content analysis) or quantitative (statistical methods: regression, descriptive statistics or modeling of structural equations) methods. The effectiveness of research on migration processes is enhanced by mathematical methods, in particular modeling. The following types of models are used in forecasting migration processes: open or closed models; discrete or continuous models; deterministic or stochastic models. The most effective, in our opinion, is the G. Zipf gravity model, as well as various types of regression models.

scholarly journals Information Model for Global Shipbuilding in the Period of 2016 – 2020

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-101
Author(s):  
Vinko Vidučić
Keyword(s):  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Information Model ◽  
Mathematical Methods ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
The World ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Direct Growth ◽  
Order Books ◽  
Market Variables ◽  
First Time

This study explores the worldwide demand for the newly built ships from 2014 to 2017 and produces forecasts for the demands concerning the years 2018 and 2020, on the basis of mental and verbal insights into the global shipping market, theoretical aspects of the issue, and the selected variables (South Korea, China, Japan, Europe and the Rest of the World) of the information model for the global shipbuilding. The value of the variables for the year 2016 has been achieved by taking into account the synergistic effect of the percentage obtained per order books across the world, gross tonnage in 0,000 GT and the value of vessels in billion US$ for each selected variable. In the next stage these values have been quantified based on the mental and verbal insights into the scientific aspects of the global shipping market variables of the information model for the global shipbuilding in the years of 2018 and 2020. In this way, for the first time, the growth matrix has produced the values of the selected variables, i.e. the direct growth rates of the information model for the global shipbuilding for the period 2018-2020. The research has involved a combination of scientific methods, among which the most relevant are analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, descriptive, comparative, statistical and mathematical methods, method of model drawing (growth matrix), and methods of proving and refuting.

Mathematical Formalism and Political-Economic Content

2012 ◽  
pp. 82-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Foley
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Complex Adaptive System ◽  
Economic Modeling ◽  
Qualitative Properties ◽  
Mathematical Methods ◽  
Econometric Methods ◽  
Statistical Fluctuations ◽  
Complex Adaptive ◽  
New Thinking

Mathematical methods are only one moment in a layered process of theory generation in political economy, which starts from Schumpeterian vision, progresses to the identification of relevant abstractions, the development of mathematical and quantitative models, and the confrontation of theories with empirical data through statistical methods. But today the relevant abstract problems of political economy are modified to fit available mathematical tools. The role of empirical research in disciplining theoretical speculation, on which the scientific traditions integrity rests, was undermined by specific limitations of nascent econometric methods, and usurped by ex cathedra methodological fiats of theorists. These developmentssystematically favored certain ideological predispositions of economicsas a discipline. There is abundant room for New Thinking in political economy starting from the vision of the capitalist economy as a complex, adaptive system far from equilibrium, including the development of the theory of statistical fluctuations for economic interactions, redirection of macroeconomics and financial economics from path prediction toward an understanding of the qualitative properties of the system, introduction of constructive and computable methods into economic modeling, and the critical reconstruction of econometric statistical methods.

Modernizing the lending facility under concession agreements

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 1590-1609
Author(s):  
V.A. Rakhaev
Keyword(s):  
Financial Structure ◽  
Bank Lending ◽  
Early Termination ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Financial Condition ◽  
Revenue Collection ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Financing Mechanism ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
The Russian Federation

Subject. The article addresses modernization of lending facilities under concession agreements. It is important for evaluating the terms of credit transactions, effectiveness of credit projects, and the concessionaire's ability to repay the loan. Objectives. The purpose is to review the current financing mechanism and underpin approaches to improving the credit facilities within concession agreements. Methods. The study rests on general scientific methods, like the systems and logical analysis and synthesis, principles of induction and deduction, financial calculation techniques. The analytical part employs the balance method, methods of financial coefficients and the method of technical and economic estimates. Results. I analyzed the financial structure and special characteristics of concession agreements, parameters of concessionaires’ activities; considered the types of risks inherent in bank lending under concession agreements, methods for their identification and mitigation; offered a mechanism of lending, including the structure of credit transactions, restrictions for the financial condition of concessionaires, additional requirements and penalties for their non-fulfillment. The findings can help banks define lending parameters for concession agreements. The provided recommendations may be useful for consideration by the authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Conclusions. It is possible to reduce the risks of lending under concession contracts, if their terms and conditions are stable, and if the lost income of concessionaires is compensated in the event of early termination. Reasonable tariffs for works and services and increased revenue collection will promote this type of lending.

The specifics of shadow economic activity in Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 1896-1915
Author(s):  
E.R. Ermakova ◽  
O.M. Lizina
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Shadow Economy ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Reproductive Process ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Current Period ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
The Impact

Subject. The article addresses the specifics of shadow economic activities in reformed Russia in the context of systemic transformations. Objectives. We focus on determining the role of shadow economy in the reproductive process, identifying and understanding the specifics of underground economic activity of the Russian economy. Methods. The study rests on general scientific methods (scientific abstraction, unity of historical and logical, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, comparison and analogy) and special methods of cognition (monetary methods). We employ the systems and integrated approach. The official statistics, regulations, works of leading researchers on shadow economy expansion, resources of reference and legal systems like Garant and ConsultantPlus serve as the study's information base. Results. We present a retrospective rapid analysis of the extent of shadow economic activity in the domestic economy, establishing the relationships with the processes that take place at different stages of the country's development. We also reveal the specifics of shadow economy relations in Russia, factors that play a key role in expansion for a particular period, a shift to another form of shadow economy. The study characterizes the current period of development, assesses the impact of external shocks on shadow economy expansion. Conclusions. The current period is characterized by the digitization of shadow relations, the shift of corruption to the upper echelons of power, the continued outflow of capital abroad, and increased penalties for underground activities.

Strategic threats to energy security as risks of quality of people's life

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 730-744
Author(s):  
V.I. Loktionov
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Economic Well Being ◽  
The Way

Subject. The article reviews the way strategic threats to energy security influence the quality of people's life. Objectives. The study unfolds the theory of analyzing strategic threats to energy security by covering the matter of quality of people's life. Methods. To analyze the way strategic threats to energy security spread across cross-sectoral commodity and production chains and influences quality of people's living, I applied the factor analysis and general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis. Results. I suggest interpreting strategic threats to energy security as risks of people's quality of life due to a reduction in the volume of energy supply. I identified mechanisms reflecting how the fuel and energy complex and its development influence the quality of people's life. The article sets out the method to assess such quality-of-life risks arising from strategic threats to energy security. Conclusions and Relevance. In the current geopolitical situation, strategic threats to energy security cause long-standing adverse consequences for the quality of people's life. If strategic threats to energy security are further construed as risk of quality of people's life, this will facilitate the preparation and performance of a more effective governmental policy on energy, which will subsequently raise the economic well-being of people.

scholarly journals Stationary Traffic as a Factor of Tourist Destination Quality and Sustainability

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 3965
Author(s):  
Robert Maršanic ◽  
Edna Mrnjavac ◽  
Drago Pupavac ◽  
Ljudevit Krpan
Keyword(s):  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Hotel Industry ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Tourist Destination ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Tourist Destinations ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Method Analysis

Since the Republic of Croatia is one of the most popular European and world tourist destinations, the aim of this paper is, from the user’s (n = 596) point of view, to research the importance of stationary traffic in tourist destinations. The purpose of this paper is to point out the possibilities of improving the tourist destination quality and sustainability through an adequate parking service. In order to corroborate constructed scientific hypotheses, a larger number of scientific methods were used from which a polling method, analysis and synthesis method, descriptive statistics method, t-test, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) should be singled out. The major finding of this paper indicates a relatively big importance of stationary traffic (M = 6.51; SD = 2.21) as an element of tourist destination quality. Moreover, regarding the quality of tourist destination, the results of this paper suggest that the parking space availability is more important than the way parking or parking payment are organized. Between the experienced parking problem in a tourist destination and age on one side and evaluation of the importance of stationary traffic as an element of tourist destination quality on the other side, a statistically important connection was established. Gained knowledge can be particularly helpful to hotel industry managers but also to traffic managers whose duty is to provide an adequate number of parking spaces in tourist destinations.

Methodological Naturalism and Reflexivity Requirement

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-330
Author(s):  
Hamed Bikaraan-Behesht ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Method ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Vicious Circle ◽  
Methodological Naturalism ◽  
Traditional Methods ◽  
Inductive Argument ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Methodological Rule

Methodological naturalists regard scientific method as the only effective way of acquiring knowledge. Quite the contrary, traditional analytic philosophers reject employing scientific method in philosophy as illegitimate unless it is justified by the traditional methods. One of their attacks on methodological naturalism is the objection that it is either incoherent or viciously circular: any argument that may be offered for methodological naturalism either employs a priori methods or involves a vicious circle that ensues from employing the very method that the argument is aimed to show its credentials. The charge of circularity has also been brought against the naturalistic arguments for specific scientific methods; like the inductive argument for induction and the abductive argument for the inference to the best explanation. In this paper, I respond to the charge of circularity using a meta-methodological rule that I call ‘reflexivity requirement.’ Giving two examples of philosophical works, I illustrate how the requirement has already been considered to be necessary for self-referential theories. At the end, I put forward a meta-philosophical explanation of the naturalism-traditionalism debate over the legitimate method of philosophy.

Protection of the Rights and Legitimate Interests of Entrepreneurs in Cases of Crimes in the Sphere of Economic Activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 92-98
Author(s):  
O. А. Zaytsev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Criminal Policy ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Legitimate Interests ◽  
General Scientific

The article examines the problematic issues of applying measures to protect the rights and legitimate interests of entrepreneurs in cases of crimes in the field of economic activity. The material-legal and criminal-procedural mechanisms used in the course of proceedings in this category of cases are examined. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the legal positions of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, reflected in the decisions of the Plenum of November 15, 2016 № 48 and October 3, 2017 № 33. The purpose of this study is to identify the most acceptable areas of activity of judicial and law enforcement agencies to protect the rights and legitimate interests of entrepreneurs involved in criminal proceedings. The objectives of the study are: a) to determine the specifics of criminal and criminal procedure legislation containing humane mechanisms for the category of cases under consideration; b) to highlight the positions of scientists who conduct research in this field of activity; с) substantiation of recommendations for the further development of criminal policy in the direction of liberalizing the current structure of crimes in conjunction with the improvement of criminal procedural forms of criminal proceedings. The methodological basis of the research was the dialectical method of cognition, General scientific methods of abstraction, analysis and synthesis, as well as special legal methods. Promising ways of development of criminal policy in the field of formation of legislation that allows the most effective protection of the rights and legitimate interests of entrepreneurs are proposed. The conclusion is made about the need for further scientific study of the system of material-legal and criminal-procedural mechanisms used in the proceedings on crimes committed in the sphere of business and other economic activities.

scholarly journals Evolution of Public Finance in Selected Countries

2021 ◽  
pp. 163-184
Author(s):  
Richard Bartes
Keyword(s):  
Public Finance ◽  
Comparative Methods ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
The Public ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Background Context

This contribution deals with the evolution of public finance in two selected European countries. France and Germany were selected as countries to compare their evolution of public finance. The reason why the two countries were chosen is their general proximity to each other in many respects. From a professional point of view, i.e. from the point of view of the discipline of public finance, however, these are countries with different concepts of public finance disciplines. The contribution presents the historical background, context and consequences of this evolution. The relevant public finance evolution is divided into several historical stages in each country. The contribution focuses on each stage separately and points out solutions and effect of each stage. The main aim of the contribution is to confirm or disprove the hypothesis that the evolution of the public finance discipline was different in each of the selected countries. The scientific methods used in the article are analysis and synthesis, description and comparative methods.

scholarly journals REVIEW AND ANALYSIS OF LESSONS LEARNED HANDWRITING EXPERTISE AS A WAY TO IDENTIFY PROBLEMS AND WAYS TO SOLVE THEM IN EXISTING METHODS OF HANDWRITING RESEARCH

2019 ◽  
pp. 29-44
Author(s):  
Vladlena Vyacheslavovna Lozben ◽  
Luybov Vadimovna Gajkova
Keyword(s):  
Information Security ◽  
Simulation Modeling ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Comparative Characteristic ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Biometric Systems ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Constant Improvement ◽  
Handwriting Research

In today’s environment, information security needs constant improvement. Therefore, biometric technologies are becoming increasingly important as a key area of information protection, contributing to the widespread introduction of biometric systems across firms and organizations. Purpose: in the course of handwriting research, human participation is a prerequisite for handwriting expertise, which entails certain problems in the field of biometric expertise, the emphasis on which is contained in the article. Methodology: tools and methods are considered to reduce the impact of problems on the process of handwriting examination: popular scientific methods of phase and case analysis and synthesis; Mathematical and simulation modeling methods and tools. Results: in order to identify approaches to reducing subjectivity of expert’s conclusions, a review and analysis of existing solutions was carried out, as a result of which a comparative characteristic of approaches to solving the problem of handwriting examination was drawn up. Scope of results: the results of this study will help the organization’s leadership in information security.

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