scholarly journals Geography of growing grain and leguminous crops in Sumy region

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Corn Production ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Leguminous Crops ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Sown Area

The article discusses the modern geographical features of the cultivation of grain and leguminous crops in the Sumy region. In recent years, the region has seen an increase in the area allotted for sowing grain and leguminous crops. The largest sown areas occupied by grain and leguminous crops are located in the Romny, Sumy, Glukhovsky, Belopolsky and Konotop districts, and the largest gross grain harvest is also observed in these districts. The highest production volumes of grain and leguminous crops are recorded in Glukhovsky, Sumy, Belopolsky and Romny districts. The leading role in the grain industry of the region is played by corn. According to the gross harvest, the main districts of corn production are Romensky, Glukhovsky and Belopolsky. The sown area allotted for the harvest of this crop is the largest in the Romny, Belopolsky and Buryn regions. The main areas for growing winter wheat are Sumy, Glukhovsky and Belopolsky. Agricultural enterprises in the Glukhovsky, Konotop and Krolevets districts have the highest winter wheat harvest, while the lowest harvest in the Yampol and Akhtyrsky districts. In Sumy, Glukhovsky and Belopolsky districts, the largest sown areas of spring wheat are also the largest. Shostka, Konotop and Yampol districts are distinguished by crops and production of winter rye. The main regions for growing spring barley are Sumy, Konotop and Glukhovsky regions. Shostka, Putivl and Glukhovsky districts are leaders in oat production. Buckwheat is grown in all administrative districts of the Sumy region (with the exception of the Sumy city UTC (united territorial community)), however, the largest gross harvest of this crop is observed in agricultural enterprises of the Lipovodolinsky, Sumy and Krasnopolsky districts. The cultivation of legumes (peas, beans, lupins, beans; without grains and soybeans) by agricultural enterprises is represented in almost all administrative and territorial units of the Sumy region, except for the Putivl district and rural settlements of Sumy city UTC. According to the gross collection of leguminous crops, the Glukhovsky, Romensky and Shostkinsky districts are distinguished. The lowest yield of leguminous crops was recorded in agricultural enterprises of the Seredina-Budsky district, and the highest - Romny.

scholarly journals Characteristic of grain contamination with weeds in some cereal varieties

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-206
Author(s):  
Franciszek Pawłowski ◽  
Marian Wesołowski
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Cereal Grains ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Weed Seeds ◽  
Grain Contamination ◽  
Number Of Seeds

Grain contamination with weeds in winter wheat, winter rye, spring barley and seeding oats harvested with combines was examined. A different number of seeds and weed species was found to be present in 1 kg of grain of the cereal varieties compared. Certain similarities were noticed in the botanical composition and in the frequency of occurrence of weed seeds in the examined samples of cereal grains.

scholarly journals Projekcja opłacalności uprawy zbóż w Polsce w 2022 roku na tle prognozy produkcji zbóż w Unii Europejskiej do 2030 roku

2018 ◽  
Vol 18(33) (1) ◽  
pp. 224-234
Author(s):  
Aldona Skarżyńska ◽  
Łukasz Pietrych
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
European Commission ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Production Yield ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Product Sales ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

The aim of the research was to determine the impact of the forecasted change in the prices of agricultural production, yield and product sales prices on the profitability of winter wheat, winter rye and spring barley in 2022. Research results indicate an improvement in the production and price results of the examined cereals. We calculate that the strongest forecasted revenue increase is observed in the case of rye producers. The range of deviations from cereal projection due to unit changes in yield, price and cultivation costs were also examined. The results indicate that rye and spring barley are characterized by quite high sensitivity to each of the income-generating factors, while in the case of winter wheat the strength of their impact is weaker. The progressive integration processes indicate that our considerations should take into account the anticipated changes on the EU market. Thus the results are presented in the light of predicted changes in the European Commission 2030 forecast.

scholarly journals Long-term crop rotation effects on winter and spring cereals productivity

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lina Marija Butkevičienė ◽  
Ingė Auželienė ◽  
Vaclovas Bogužas
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Row Crops ◽  
Productivity Indicators

A long-term field experiment was carried out at the Experimental Station of the VDU Agriculture Academy (formerly Aleksandras Stulginskis University), Institute of Agroecosystems crop rotation collection (equipped in 1967), during 2015–2017. The soil of the Experimental site is moderately fine textured Calc(ar)i-Endohypogleyic Luvisol. The research was carried out on winter rye (Secale cereale L.) ‘Matador’, winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) ‘Skagen’ and 71 spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) ‘Orphelija’, which were sown in 8 different crop rotations after different preceding crops and rye monoculture. The aim of the experiment was to investigate the effect of long-term crop rotation combinations on testing crops yield and productivity indicators. In many cases, rye productivity indicators were lower during 50-year monocropping. The best productivity indicators were obtained by growing rye in them in grass and fallow crop sequences, and for winter wheat in fallow with vetch–oat mixture for fodder and after manure application. In rye these indicators were more dependent on the precipitation amount and the amount of the sum of temperature during the period of generative organ formation. Among these indicators and the number of productive stems, a statistically strong and medium strength correlation interaction was identified: r = 0.83, P ≤ 0.01; r = 0.90, P ≤ 0.05; r = 0.58, P ≤ 0.05; r = 0.85, P ≤ 0.01; and winter weat r = 0.87, P ≤ 0.01; r = 0.89, P ≤ 0.01. The highest winter wheat productivity was established in crop rotation after perennial grasses and leguminous crops. Crop yield in monoculture decreases, but the optimal amount of mineral fertilizers saves lower but stable yields. Spring barley is less dependent on preceding crop, so it can be grown after winter cereals. However, they are more productive when sown after row crops and in crop rotations where one of the rotation members is fertilized with organic fertilizers.

Occurrence of Septoria species on cereals in Finland in 1971—1973

1975 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 218-244
Author(s):  
Kaiho Mäkelä
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Common Species ◽  
The Other ◽  
Septoria Tritici ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Perfect Stage

This study was carried out on Septoria species found on cereals: spring and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), winter rye (Secale cereale L.) and oats (Avena sativa L.). The objective was to ascertain their distribution and general significance in Finland. The results were obtained from samples of cereals gathered in 2 040 fields all over the country during the growing season 1971-1973. The fungi in all the samples were examined by microscope and cultures and inoculation tests were used as well in laboratory. One of the Septoria species was found to occur on all the cereals, being most commonly on wheat and two-rowed barley, moderately common on winter rye, very rare on six rowed barley and only sporadic on oats. Septoria species were observed to occur most commonly in the southwestern and southern parts of the country, whereas they were very rare in the middle parts of the country and Ostrobothnia. The imperfect stages of the fungi (Septoria) occurred dominantly, whereas at all times the perfect stages (Leptosphaeria) were found only occasionally. The following Septoria species were found to occur on cereals: Septoria nodorum (Berk.) Berk. & Br. was found to occur as the most common species on spring and winter wheat and was moderately common on two-rowed barley. The fungus was found on wheat in 60—70 per cent, and on barley, in about 40 per cent of the localities and for both cereals in 1/3 of the fields that were studied. On the other hand the fungus was found to be very rare on six-rowed barley and winter rye in 610 per cent of the localities and only 2—4 per cent of the fields studied. Also in the inoculation tests it was found that S. nodorum isolates, which originated from different cereals, infected not only their own host but all the other cereals with the exception of oats. The perfect stage, Leptosphaeria nodorum Müller was found only a few times on spring wheat, spring barley and winter rye. Septoria avenue Frank f. sp. triticea T. Johanson was found to be the most common on two-rowed barley in about 45 percent of the localities and in about 1/3 of the fields studied; on wheat in about 35—40 per cent of the localities and in nearly 1/4of the fields studied. The perfect stage of the fungus, Leptosphaeria avenaria Weber f. sp. triticea T. Johnson was found only a few times on spring wheat and barley. S. avenae Frank f. sp. avenae Shaw was found to occur only occasionally on oats in nearly 10 per cent of the localities and only in 3 per cent of the fields studied. The perfect stage of the fungus, L. avenaria Weber f. sp. avenaria Shaw was found a few times also on oats. Septoria tritici. Rob. ex Desm. was found to occur only on winter wheat in about 1/2 of the localities and in about 40 per cent of the fields studied. The fungus was found only in the spring (May to early June). It sometimes attacked fields in great profusion. In the inoculation tests it was found that the S. triticis' isolate originated from rye weakly infected not only rye but also spring wheat and winter rye. Septoria secalis Prill. & Delacr. was found to occur only on winter rye, being moderately common in 1/2 of the localities and in about ¼ of the fields studied. On the basis of this study not much can be said about the magnitude or economic importance of the damages caused by the Septoria species. In addition to Septoria species, several other parasitic fungi such as Helminthosporium-, Puccinia-, Fusarium-species and Erysiphe graminis DC. were observed to grow at the same time on the leaves of cereals.

scholarly journals Examination of soils and crops after the inundations of 1 February 1953.1. Salty soils and agricultural crops.

1954 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 242-253
Author(s):  
C. Van den Berg ◽  
J.J. Westerhof
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Subsequent Growth ◽  
C Value ◽  
Late Sowing

Following the sea-water floods in the Netherlands in February 1953, trials were carried out to determine the effect on various flooded crops of the length of the period of inundation and the concentration of salt in the soil moisture (measured after the floods had subsided in April 1953). The concentration of salt in the soil moisture was expressed as a C-value (number of grams of NaCl per litre of soil moisture), measured in the 5-20 cm. layer of soil. Other trials were carried out to determine the effect of the level of the C-value measured in March 1953 on the subsequent growth of spring-sown crops. The duration of flooding, over periods of 1-50 days (with flood water giving post-flood C-values of 0.5-17), had little, effect on the subsequent growth of inundated winter wheat, winter rye and winter barley, but the C-value of the soil had a marked effect. Inundation of winter rye and winter wheat with water giving C-values of 7 or more had an adverse effect on the growth of both crops, more marked in the case of rye than of wheat. The effect of the C-value at the time of sowing on the yield of spring barley was intermediate between that previously recorded in a favourable (wet) growing season, 1946, and an unfavourable (dry) growing season, 1947. See report by C. van den Berg in Versl. Landbouwk. Onderz. 1950, 56, No, 16. The opinion given in the 1950 report, that spring barley cannot be sown at C-values above 10 with expectation of a reasonable (75% normal) yield, was confirmed. The variety Balder was more resistant to salt than Kenia and Saxonia. Kenia barley was sown at intervals from 8 March to 10 May; the effect of the presence of salt in the soil (represented by the C-value measured in March) was progressively adverse with increasingly late sowing. Similar trials with spring oats, sugar-beet, potatoes, flax and peas generally confirmed the results given in the 1950 report on the sensitivity of various crops to the C-value of the soil moisture. The spring-sown crops mentioned above are all less tolerant of salt than spring barley and are arranged in descending order of salt-tolerance. The results of the 1953 trials differed from those of earlier ones in that flax appeared to be less tolerant than previously, probably because of the dry spring in 1953. In 1953, flax did not give 75% normal yield when sown at C-values higher than 2.5. Potatoes, on the other hand, were more salt-tolerant in 1953 than in the earlier trials and gave 75% normal yields when sown in soils with C-values as high as 6. The average C-value of the flooded soils fell rapidly during 1953-4. C-values on very salty soils were 19.5 in March, 1953, 11.8 at the end of the following September and 3.1 by mid-February, 1954. Comparable figures for slightly salty soils were 7.3, 3.4 and 0.7. The rapid decline in salt concentration in the soil moisture during winter 1953-4 is attributed to the application of gypsum in the period September to November, 1953.-W.J.B. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

scholarly journals Occurrence of Helminthosporium species on cereals in Finland in 1971—1973

1975 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-217
Author(s):  
Kaiho Mäkelä
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Couch Grass ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Pyrenophora Tritici Repentis ◽  
Agropyron Repens

This study was carried out on Helminthosporium species found on cereals (Avena sativa L., Hordeum vulgare L., Triticum aestivum L., Secale cereale L.) and couch grass (Agropycon repens (L.)PB.) The objective was to ascertain their distribution and general significance in Finland. The results were obtained from samples of cereals gathered in 2040 fields all over the country during the growing season 1971 1973. The samples of couch grass (approx. 170 samples) were collected infields and the borders of fields. The fungi in all the samples were examined by microscope, using the blotter method and with cultures. Many Helminthosporium species were found to be very common and abundant on cereals, especially in 1972, throughout the country and as far as Lapland. The imperfect stages (conidia) of the fungi occurred dominantly and in abundance, whereas the perfect stages of the fungi were found only occasionally at all times. Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (Died.) Drechs. on Agropyron repens was exceptional in this respect. The most widespread and common Helminthosporium fungi were the following species: H. avenae Eidam was found to be very common and abundant in more than 60 per cent of the oat fields and in nearly 90 per cent of the localities that were studied throughout the country. These figures apply to seedlings as well. H. gramineum Rabenh. ex Schlecht was found frequently in more than 30 per cent of the spring barley fields and in about 55 per cent of the localities that were studied. It was very common and abundant in Ostrobothnia and the northern parts of the country and was frequent on six-rowed barley, too. H. teres Sacc. was found to be common and abundant in nearly 60 per cent of the spring barley fields and in nearly 90 per cent of the localities that were studied. These figures apply to the seedlings as well and are especially representative of observations made in the western and southern parts of the country. The fungus was more common on six-rowed than on two-rowed barley H. tritici-repentis Died, was found to be moderately common in southern and southwestern Finland as follows: in nearly 30 per cent of the spring wheat fields and in 40 per cent of the localities studied; in 17 per cent of the winter wheat fields and in 23 the winter rye fields; for both the latter mentioned moderate abundance was observed in more than 50 per sent of the localities studied. On Agropyron repens the fungus was very common and abundant in 50 per cent of the samples and in nearly 60 per cent of the localities studied. In addition, the perfect stage of the fungi, Pyrenophora triticirepentis (Died.) Drechs. with mature ascoma and ascospores was found in about 1/4 of the samples examined throughout the country. H. sativum Pammel, King and Bakke was found to be moderately common and abundant in about 30 per cent of the spring barley fields and in 55 per cent of the localities studied throughout the country, being most common in southern and southwestern Finland. The fungus was more common on two-rowed than on six-rowed barley. The fungus was observed to be moderately common in 9 per cent of spring wheat fields and in nearly 20 per cent of the localities studied. In all fields H. sativum appeared sporadically also in seedlings on spring barley and spring wheat as well as on the roots of barley. The fungus was found to be moderately common also in oat fields, but only in 1972, whereas on winter wheat and winter rye its occurrence was only rare and sporadic. An undetermined Helminthosporium species, like H. gramineum or H. teres, was found to be sparce but moderately common, in about 10 per cent of the spring wheat fields and in nearly 20 per cent of the localities studied. It occurred only occasionally on winter wheat and on winter rye fields. It is not known how fungi damage affects crop yields. At least H. gramineum, H. teres and H. sativum on spring barley, as well as H. avenae on oats, caused severe damage to plants and occurred commonly throughout the country.

THE QUESTION OF RENEWING THE SEEDING MACHINE PARK

1970 ◽  
pp. 70-73
Author(s):  
М. K. Shaykhov ◽  
М. M. Shaykhov ◽  
N. Z. Khistemov ◽  
Kh. Kh. Shaydullin ◽  
R. Kh. Shaydullin
Keyword(s):  
Machine Availability ◽  
Annual Reduction ◽  
Leguminous Crops ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Sowing Machine ◽  
Sown Area

The average annual reduction in the sowing machine park in 2015-2018 amounted to 5.4 thousand units, so there is a problem of replenishing the missing equipment. At the same time, the main urgent issues requiring solution are the improvement of sowing machines. The materials on the provision of farms with sowing equipment in 1990-2018 and its production in 2010-2018 are considered, the designs for improving sowing machines are proposed. A decrease in the sown area for grain and leguminous crops in 1992-2018 was revealed by 1.3 times – from 61.9 to 46.3 million hectares and an increase by 5.5 times in the annual load on a grain seeder from 133 to 733 hectares per machine. Availability of grain seeders have been estimated for 2018 is about 63 thousand units, the total demand is calculated – about 196 thousand of reference units. A grain-fertilizer seeder with disc coulters of the SZ-3.6 type was taken as the reference unit of the sowing machine. The range of sowing equipment has been analyzed. The diagram of a single-disc-anchor coulter of strip sowing for sowing complexes is presented. Examples of effective use of single-disc anchor coulter instead of paw coulters openers are given. Described is a competitive single-disc coulter working body of strip sowing for use on sowing complexes.

Effects of Cover Crops and Tillage on Sweet Corn Production

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 476d-476
Author(s):  
Gary R. Cline ◽  
Anthony F. Silvernail
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Corn Production ◽  
Total N ◽  
No Till ◽  
Winter Cover ◽  
Winter Cover Crops

A split-plot factorial experiment examined effects of tillage and winter cover crops on sweet corn in 1997. Main plots received tillage or no tillage. Cover crops consisted of hairy vetch, winter rye, or a mix, and N treatments consisted of plus or minus N fertilization. Following watermelon not receiving inorganic N, vetch, and mix cover cropsproduced total N yields of ≈90 kg/ha that were more than four times greater than those obtained with rye. However, vetch dry weight yields (2.7 mg/ha) were only about 60% of those obtained in previous years due to winter kill. Following rye winter cover crops, addition of ammonium nitrate to corn greatly increased (P < 0.05) corn yields and foliar N concentrations compared to treatments not receiving N. Following vetch, corn yields obtained in tilled treatments without N fertilization equaled those obtained with N fertilization. However, yields obtained from unfertilized no-till treatments were significantly (P < 0.05) lower than yields of N-fertilized treatments. Available soil N was significantly (P < 0.05) greater following vetch compared to rye after corn planting. No significant effects of tillage on sweet corn plant densities or yields were detected. It was concluded that no-tillage sweet corn was successful, and N fixed by vetch was able to sustain sweet corn production in tilled treatments but not in no-till treatments.In previous years normal, higher-yielding vetch cover crops were able to sustain sweet corn in both tilled and no-till treatments.

In Vitro Immunodetection of Prothymosin Alpha in Normal and Pathological Conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (29) ◽  
pp. 4840-4854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chrysoula-Evangelia Karachaliou ◽  
Hubert Kalbacher ◽  
Wolfgang Voelter ◽  
Ourania E. Tsitsilonis ◽  
Evangelia Livaniou
Keyword(s):  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Prothymosin Alpha ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Tissue Extracts ◽  
Biologic Response ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Almost All

Prothymosin alpha (ProT&#945;) is a highly acidic polypeptide, ubiquitously expressed in almost all mammalian cells and tissues and consisting of 109 amino acids in humans. ProT&#945; is known to act both, intracellularly, as an anti-apoptotic and proliferation mediator, and extracellularly, as a biologic response modifier mediating immune responses similar to molecules termed as “alarmins”. Antibodies and immunochemical techniques for ProT&#945; have played a leading role in the investigation of the biological role of ProT&#945;, several aspects of which still remain unknown and contributed to unraveling the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of the polypeptide. This review deals with the so far reported antibodies along with the related immunodetection methodology for ProT&#945; (immunoassays as well as immunohistochemical, immunocytological, immunoblotting, and immunoprecipitation techniques) and its application to biological samples of interest (tissue extracts and sections, cells, cell lysates and cell culture supernatants, body fluids), in health and disease states. In this context, literature information is critically discussed, and some concluding remarks are presented.

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