THE QUESTION OF RENEWING THE SEEDING MACHINE PARK

1970 ◽  
pp. 70-73
Author(s):  
М. K. Shaykhov ◽  
М. M. Shaykhov ◽  
N. Z. Khistemov ◽  
Kh. Kh. Shaydullin ◽  
R. Kh. Shaydullin
Keyword(s):  
Machine Availability ◽  
Annual Reduction ◽  
Leguminous Crops ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Sowing Machine ◽  
Sown Area

The average annual reduction in the sowing machine park in 2015-2018 amounted to 5.4 thousand units, so there is a problem of replenishing the missing equipment. At the same time, the main urgent issues requiring solution are the improvement of sowing machines. The materials on the provision of farms with sowing equipment in 1990-2018 and its production in 2010-2018 are considered, the designs for improving sowing machines are proposed. A decrease in the sown area for grain and leguminous crops in 1992-2018 was revealed by 1.3 times – from 61.9 to 46.3 million hectares and an increase by 5.5 times in the annual load on a grain seeder from 133 to 733 hectares per machine. Availability of grain seeders have been estimated for 2018 is about 63 thousand units, the total demand is calculated – about 196 thousand of reference units. A grain-fertilizer seeder with disc coulters of the SZ-3.6 type was taken as the reference unit of the sowing machine. The range of sowing equipment has been analyzed. The diagram of a single-disc-anchor coulter of strip sowing for sowing complexes is presented. Examples of effective use of single-disc anchor coulter instead of paw coulters openers are given. Described is a competitive single-disc coulter working body of strip sowing for use on sowing complexes.

scholarly journals The analysis of dynamics of winter barley sown area and productivity in the Russian Federation

2018 ◽  
pp. 53-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. I. Firsova ◽  
G. A. Filenko ◽  
A. А. Dontsova
Keyword(s):  
Winter Barley ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Industrial Processing ◽  
The North ◽  
State Commission ◽  
Federal Districts ◽  
Analysis Of Dynamics ◽  
Annual Reduction ◽  
Sown Area ◽  
Variety Testing

The article presents the main biologic and economic advantages of winter barley, shows the main directions of its use in the industrial processing. The article informs about the dynamics of the sown area and productivity of winter barley in Russia, their distribution through Federal Districts. There has been established that the North-Caucasus and Southern Federal Districts are the main winter barley producers with 153.6–245.6 thousand hectares and 131.2–28.7 thousand hectares respectively. The use of great number of seeds of mass repro­duction together with low sowing traits significantly reduces productivity and qualitative characteristics of the obtained products. The article gives the analysis of winter barley seed-growing from 2012 to 2017. There has been analyzed data on the amount of original sown (OS-1.2), basic (BS) and reproductive seeds (RS1, RS2, RS3). There has been determined a tendency to an increase in the volume of sown seeds of winter barley in the total area from 54.3 thousand hwt in 2013 up to 74.1 thousand hwt in 2016. The largest amount of sown seeds of the basic seeds (14.1 thousand hwt) took place in 2015, the smallest one (6.3 thousand hwt) occurred in 2017. It was found that the number of reproductive seeds remains high and ranges from 78.8 to 88.5% with an annual reduction in volumes in absolute terms. In this regard, there is a periodical need to update the seeds of the used winter barley varieties. In order to stabilize the winter barley productivity, it is necessary to sow the seeds of varieties recommended for sowing in the Rostov region by the State Commission for Variety Testing.

scholarly journals ECOLOGICAL POTENTIAL OF GRAIN PEGULUM CROPS IN MODERN INTENSIVE CROP ROTATIONS

2020 ◽  
pp. 161-171
Author(s):  
Oleksander Tkachuk ◽  
Vitalii Ovcharuk
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Ecological State ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Mineral Phosphorus ◽  
Grain Crops ◽  
Leguminous Crops ◽  
Sown Area ◽  
By Products ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

The article discusses the ecological significance of leguminous crops grown in modern intensive crop rotation. In particular, the area under crops of common leguminous crops in Ukraine and the level of their productivity have been analyzed. A comparison is made with the acreage of the most widespread grain crops. The emphasis of the article is aimed at establishing the level of nitrogen fixation of leguminous crops, which have the largest sown areas in Ukraine. The volume of accumulation by these leguminous crops of by-products in the form of their straw and stubble is also calculated. A comparison is made according to these indicators with the most widespread grain crops grown in Ukraine. The data on the content of the main nutrients in the by-products of leguminous crops - nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium are given. On the basis of these indicators, a calculation was made of the accumulation of the main nutrients in the soil, which can come with the by-products of leguminous crops with an average yield of their seeds. We also compared the obtained indicators with the input of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium into the soil with by-products of the most common grain crops. Based on this, a conclusion was made about the most effective leguminous crops, the cultivation of which in the modern intensive crop rotation contributes most to the stabilization of the agro-ecological state of the soil. According to the State Statistics Service in Ukraine in 2019, the largest sown area among leguminous crops belonged to peas - 347.0 thousand hectares, which is 61.3% in the structure of all leguminous crops. In total, the sown area for leguminous crops in Ukraine is 566.0 thousand hectares, which is about 2% of the total sown area and this is a very low indicator. Considering the average yield in Ukraine, beans can return more by-products to the soil - 3.5 t/ha, soybeans and peas - by 8.6% less, beans - by 37.1%, and least of all - chickpeas and lentils - 1.7 - 1.8 t/ha. The content of the main macronutrients in the by-products of all leguminous crops is similar and is: nitrogen - 10.0-12.0 kg/t, phosphorus - 3.4-3.6 kg/t, potassium - 4.6-5.0 kg/t. It has been proven that an increase in the area of leguminous crops in an intensive crop rotation will have a positive effect on the agro-ecological state of the soil. In particular, growing beans allows you to get the highest mass of by-products that can be ploughed into the soil - 3.5 t/ha. Also, by-products of beans are characterized by a high content of mineral phosphorus - 3.6 kg/t, which ensures the supply of all mineral phosphorus to the soil - 12.6 kg/ha of all leguminous crops, as well as potassium - 16.5 kg/ha. Soybean by-products are characterized by a high nitrogen content - 12.0 kg/t, phosphorus - 3.6 kg/t and potassium - 5.0 kg/t. This allows, after growing soybeans, to accumulate in the soil with by-products more mineral nitrogen - 38.4 kg/ha. Also, soybeans are characterized by a high symbiotic nitrogen-fixing ability among all leguminous crops - 120 kg/ha. By-products of leguminous crops have a high content of nitrogen - 2.3-2.7 times, phosphorus - 1.5-1.6 times compared to by-products of grain crops. Also, when plowing soybean by-products into the soil, there will be 2 times more mineral nitrogen and 1.1-1.3 times more phosphorus than when plowing winter wheat by-products. Key words: egumes, by-products, nitrogen fixation, nutrients, accumulation, soil.

Forecasting grain crop yield based on the integration of ground and satellite data in the subjects of the Southern Federal District

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 110-137
Author(s):  
A.I. Strashnaya ◽  
◽  
O.V. Bereza ◽  
P.S. Klang ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Satellite Data ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Grain Crop ◽  
Leguminous Crops ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Crops Yield ◽  
Yield Formation

Forecasting grain crop yield based on the integration of ground and satellite data in the subjects of the Southern Federal District / Strashnaya A.I.., Bereza O.V., Klang P.S. // Hydrometeorological Research and Forecasting, 2021, no. 2 (380), pp. 111-137. The results of research on the effect of agrometeorological conditions on the yield of grain and leguminous crops are presented. The role of farming culture in increasing productivity and the importance of meteorological factors in the yield variability are demonstrated. The frequency of droughts of various intensities in the subjects of the Southern Federal District in 2001–2020 is calculated as compared to 1981–2000. The NDVI vegetation index highly correlates with the grain crop yield. The average long-term dynamics of NDVI for the vegetation weeks is calculated, which allows assessing conditions for the yield formation in a particular year in comparison with the average long-term ones. The periods of the most effective use of NDVI in yield forecasts are determined. The developed regression models for yield forecasting based on the joint use of ground-based and satellite data are presented. Keywords: agrometeorological conditions, drought, grain crops, yield, satellite information, forecast

scholarly journals Geography of growing grain and leguminous crops in Sumy region

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Corn Production ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Leguminous Crops ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Sown Area

The article discusses the modern geographical features of the cultivation of grain and leguminous crops in the Sumy region. In recent years, the region has seen an increase in the area allotted for sowing grain and leguminous crops. The largest sown areas occupied by grain and leguminous crops are located in the Romny, Sumy, Glukhovsky, Belopolsky and Konotop districts, and the largest gross grain harvest is also observed in these districts. The highest production volumes of grain and leguminous crops are recorded in Glukhovsky, Sumy, Belopolsky and Romny districts. The leading role in the grain industry of the region is played by corn. According to the gross harvest, the main districts of corn production are Romensky, Glukhovsky and Belopolsky. The sown area allotted for the harvest of this crop is the largest in the Romny, Belopolsky and Buryn regions. The main areas for growing winter wheat are Sumy, Glukhovsky and Belopolsky. Agricultural enterprises in the Glukhovsky, Konotop and Krolevets districts have the highest winter wheat harvest, while the lowest harvest in the Yampol and Akhtyrsky districts. In Sumy, Glukhovsky and Belopolsky districts, the largest sown areas of spring wheat are also the largest. Shostka, Konotop and Yampol districts are distinguished by crops and production of winter rye. The main regions for growing spring barley are Sumy, Konotop and Glukhovsky regions. Shostka, Putivl and Glukhovsky districts are leaders in oat production. Buckwheat is grown in all administrative districts of the Sumy region (with the exception of the Sumy city UTC (united territorial community)), however, the largest gross harvest of this crop is observed in agricultural enterprises of the Lipovodolinsky, Sumy and Krasnopolsky districts. The cultivation of legumes (peas, beans, lupins, beans; without grains and soybeans) by agricultural enterprises is represented in almost all administrative and territorial units of the Sumy region, except for the Putivl district and rural settlements of Sumy city UTC. According to the gross collection of leguminous crops, the Glukhovsky, Romensky and Shostkinsky districts are distinguished. The lowest yield of leguminous crops was recorded in agricultural enterprises of the Seredina-Budsky district, and the highest - Romny.

Analysis of 3-d molecular distribution with the digital imaging microscope

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 40-41
Author(s):  
W.A. Carrington ◽  
F.S. Fay ◽  
K.E. Fogarty ◽  
L. Lifshitz
Keyword(s):  
Image Restoration ◽  
Digital Imaging ◽  
Fluorescent Dyes ◽  
Optical Axis ◽  
Computer Hardware ◽  
Computer Algorithms ◽  
Low Contrast ◽  
Specific Proteins ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Single Living Cells

Advances in digital imaging microscopy and in the synthesis of fluorescent dyes allow the determination of 3D distribution of specific proteins, ions, GNA or DNA in single living cells. Effective use of this technology requires a combination of optical and computer hardware and software for image restoration, feature extraction and computer graphics.The digital imaging microscope consists of a conventional epifluorescence microscope with computer controlled focus, excitation and emission wavelength and duration of excitation. Images are recorded with a cooled (-80°C) CCD. 3D images are obtained as a series of optical sections at .25 - .5 μm intervals.A conventional microscope has substantial blurring along its optical axis. Out of focus contributions to a single optical section cause low contrast and flare; details are poorly resolved along the optical axis. We have developed new computer algorithms for reversing these distortions. These image restoration techniques and scanning confocal microscopes yield significantly better images; the results from the two are comparable.

The Impact of Visual Feedback Type on the Mastery of Visuo-Motor Transformations

2012 ◽  
Vol 220 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Sülzenbrück
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Visual Feedback ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Motor Planning ◽  
Visual Input ◽  
Closed Loop Control ◽  
Loop Control ◽  
Feedback Type ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
The Impact

For the effective use of modern tools, the inherent visuo-motor transformation needs to be mastered. The successful adjustment to and learning of these transformations crucially depends on practice conditions, particularly on the type of visual feedback during practice. Here, a review about empirical research exploring the influence of continuous and terminal visual feedback during practice on the mastery of visuo-motor transformations is provided. Two studies investigating the impact of the type of visual feedback on either direction-dependent visuo-motor gains or the complex visuo-motor transformation of a virtual two-sided lever are presented in more detail. The findings of these studies indicate that the continuous availability of visual feedback supports performance when closed-loop control is possible, but impairs performance when visual input is no longer available. Different approaches to explain these performance differences due to the type of visual feedback during practice are considered. For example, these differences could reflect a process of re-optimization of motor planning in a novel environment or represent effects of the specificity of practice. Furthermore, differences in the allocation of attention during movements with terminal and continuous visual feedback could account for the observed differences.

Professional skills for an effective use of phytotherapy in poultry and pig production in Europe

Planta Medica ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 81 (S 01) ◽  
pp. S1-S381
Author(s):  
F González César ◽  
BP Isabel ◽  
A Velarde ◽  
D Keller
Keyword(s):  
Professional Skills ◽  
Pig Production ◽  
Effective Use
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