scholarly journals The inorganic chemicals that surround us: role of tellurium, selenium and zinc on behavioural functions in mammals

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-163
Author(s):  
Edgardo O. Alvarez ◽  
Osvaldo J. Sacchi ◽  
Silvia G. Ratti
Keyword(s):  
Social Activity ◽  
Phenotypic Expression ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Biologic Effects ◽  
Continuous Interaction ◽  
Inorganic Chemical ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
La Rioja ◽  
Toxic Concentrations

Living organisms live in continuous interaction with its environment. During this process changes in one can induce adaptive responses on the other. Many factors in the environment have been studied with the notorious distinction of been rare or to be of high intensity strength in its interaction with living organisms. However, little attention has been put on some factors that have constant interaction with organisms but usually have low intensity strength, such as the case of the inorganic chemical environment that surrounds us. In this review, the interaction between the chemical element and living organisms is discussed under a theoretical model of interaction between compartments, giving attention to tellurium (Te), zinc (Zn) and selenium (Se) on some cognitive functions in human and animals. After studies in our laboratory of the phenotypic expression of the HSR (Hand Skill Relative) gene in school children community living in geographic zone rich in minerals and mines of La Rioja province, Argentine, where Te was found to be in higher non-toxic concentrations, a translational experimental model to maturing rats exposed to this trace element was made. Te was found to increase some parameters related to locomotion in an open field induced by novelty and exploratory motivation. At the same time, inhibition of lateralized responses, survival responses and social activity was also observed. Some of these changes, particularly those related to lateralization had similarity with that found previously in children of La Rioja province. Discussion of similarities and discrepancies of biologic effects between animals and humans, about the possible meaning of Te and its interaction with Zn and Se with relevance to humans was analyzed.

scholarly journals Role of MicroRNAs in Obesity-Induced Metabolic Disorder and Immune Response

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Zhong ◽  
Minjuan Ma ◽  
Tingming Liang ◽  
Li Guo
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Metabolic Disorder ◽  
Metabolic Regulation ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Metabolic Dysfunction ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Living Organisms

In all living organisms, metabolic homeostasis and the immune system are the most fundamental requirements for survival. Recently, obesity has become a global public health issue, which is the cardinal risk factor for metabolic disorder. Many diseases emanating from obesity-induced metabolic dysfunction are responsible for the activated immune system, including innate and adaptive responses. Of note, inflammation is the manifest accountant signal. Deeply studied microRNAs (miRNAs) have participated in many pathways involved in metabolism and immune responses to protect cells from multiple harmful stimulants, and they play an important role in determining the progress through targeting different inflammatory pathways. Thus, immune response and metabolic regulation are highly integrated with miRNAs. Collectively, miRNAs are the new targets for therapy in immune dysfunction.

scholarly journals How Epigenetics Contributes to the Understanding of Human Development

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iván Enrique Naranjo Logroño ◽  
Anthony Alfonso Naranjo Coronel ◽  
Alison Tamara Ruiz Chico ◽  
Leslie Gricel Cuzco Macías
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Deoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Phenotypic Expression ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Nutrition And Diet ◽  
Review Study ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
The Individual

Introduction: Epigenetics, which studies the phenotypic expression of certain characteristics in relation to the interaction with the environment, specifically of the primary DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) sequence and that does not modulate the genetic expression. Objective: To identify the role of epigenetics in the understanding of development of the human being. Method: Non-systematic bibliographic review in databases such as PubMed, Elsevier, Academic Google, Scopus, Lilacs, Scielo and website What is epigenetics and NIH, which includes the terms epigenetics, development. Results: Review of 57 articles from 2007 to 2019, of which 30 that were in correspondence with the topic and objective of this literature review study were included. Discussion: Epigenetics refers to all those non-genetic factors involved in the formation of the individual, epigenetics tries to explain why living organisms express some genes and other silences for this way to assemble their physical characteristics. There are several factors involved in epigenetic expression, stories such as nutrition and diet during pregnancy, maltreatment and maternal stress, exercise, microbiome, among others. Conclusion: Epigenetics as a science helps us to understand certain phenomena that occur in the phenotypic expression of characteristics of the individual that could not otherwise be explained. Currently, epigenetic mechanisms are more studied and better understood so that the understanding of human development is in turn more understood. Keywords: genetic, epigenetic, development. RESUMEN Introducción: La epigenética, que estudia la expresión fenotípica de ciertas características en relación con la interacción con el medio ambiente, independientemente de la secuencia primaria de ADN (ácido desoxirribonucleico) y que estos no modulan la expresión genética. Objetivo: Identificar el rol de la epigenética en la comprensión del desarrollo del ser humano. Método: Revisión bibliográfica no sistemática en bases de datos como PubMed, Elsevier, Academic Google, Scopus, Lilacs, Scielo y sitio web What is epigenetics y NIH, que incluyó los términos epigenética, desarrollo. Resultados: Revisión de 57 artículos desde 2007 a 2019, de los cuales se incluyeron 30 que están en correspondencia con el tema y objetivo del presente estudio de revisión de la literatura. Discusión: La epigenética se refiere a todos aquellos factores no genéticos que intervienen en la formación del individuo, en este contexto la epigenética intenta explicar la razón para que algunos organismos vivos expresen en sus características físicas unos genes y silencien otros. Existen varios factores que intervienen en la expresión epigenética, tales como la nutrición y la dieta durante el embarazo, el maltrato y el estrés materno, el ejercicio, el microbioma, entre otros. Conclusión: La epigenética como ciencia nos ayuda a la comprensión de ciertos fenómenos que ocurren en la expresión fenotípica de características propias del individuo que de otra forma no podrían ser explicadas. En la actualidad, los mecanismos epigenéticos son más estudiados y mejor entendidos de modo que el entendimiento del desarrollo humano es a su vez más comprendido. Palabras clave: genética, epigenética, desarrollo.

Control Theory, Dynamics, and Continuous Interaction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roderick Murray-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Control Theory ◽  
Human Computer Interaction ◽  
Systems Theory ◽  
Dynamic Systems ◽  
Trajectory Generation ◽  
Interaction Techniques ◽  
Dynamic Systems Theory ◽  
Classical Work ◽  
Continuous Interaction

This chapter reviews the role of theory and dynamic systems theory for understanding common interaction techniques including: targetting, trajectory generation, panning, scrolling and zooming. It explains how can be seen to be at the foundations of Human–Computer Interaction and might be essential for making progress in novel forms of interface. It reinterprets Fitts’ classical work with theoretic tools. It also highlights the limitations of theory for design of human–computer loops.

scholarly journals Potential Role of Trace Elements (Al, Cu, Zn, and Se) in Multiple Sclerosis Physiopathology

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 163-177
Author(s):  
Mohammad Sadegh Hesamian ◽  
Nahid Eskandari
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Trace Elements ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Peripheral Tolerance ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Tolerance Breakdown ◽  
Peripheral Immune Cells

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an unpredictable disease of the central nervous system. The cause of MS is not known completely, and pathology is specified by involved demyelinated areas in the white and gray matter of the brain and spinal cord. Inflammation and peripheral tolerance breakdown due to Treg cell defects and/or effector cell resistance are present at all stages of the disease. Several invading peripheral immune cells are included in the process of the disease such as macrophages, CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, B cells, and plasma cells. Trace elements are known as elements found in soil, plants, and living organisms in small quantities. Some of them (e.g., Al, Cu, Zn, Mn, and Se) are essential for the body’s functions like catalysts in enzyme systems, energy metabolism, etc. Al toxicity and Cu, Zn, and Se toxicity and deficiency can affect the immune system and following neuron inflammation and degeneration. These processes may result in MS pathology. Of course, factors such as lifestyle, environment, and industrialization can affect levels of trace elements in the human body.

scholarly journals Role of warm ischemia on innate and adaptive responses in a preclinical renal auto-transplanted porcine model

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ludivine Rossard ◽  
Frédéric Favreau ◽  
Sebastien Giraud ◽  
Raphael Thuillier ◽  
Sylvain Le Pape ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Porcine Model ◽  
Warm Ischemia ◽  
Adaptive Responses

scholarly journals Foreign Experience in Using Educational Logotherapy in Professional Activities of Primary School Teachers

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 55-61
Author(s):  
Yuliia Stepura
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Therapeutic Concept ◽  
Professional Activities ◽  
Therapeutic Interaction ◽  
The Social ◽  
Primary Schoolchildren ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Individual Self

Abstract The article examines the nature and importance of using aesthetic and therapeutic concept and educational logotherapy, in particular, for creating a special emotionally comfortable socioeducational environment for primary education The author has represented inteipretation of foreign scholars' views (J. Bugental, V. Frankl, A. Maslow, R. May, J. Moreno, C. Rogers et al) on such terms as “communication ”, “aesthetotherapy ”, “educational logotherapy” etc. An attempt has been made to analyze the social coTitent of pedagogical activity in the context of using logotherapy in primary school based on an agogical paradigm. In the scope of the article, the specific of using the therapeutic metaphor in the educational environment of primary' school has been represented as well as the basic stages of its implementation have been determined. These stages are the following: description of the storyline, persuasion and binding. The author has defined the role of the “living metaphors” in organization of the therapeutic interaction between the teacher and primary' schoolchildren. Particular attention has been paid to formation of the humanistic competency among primary schoolchildren; this competency is to be based on their understanding of the following philosophical and pedagogical categories: a norm (as a means and a results of pupils' social activity), freedom (as a mean and a result of individual self-expression among primary schoolchildren) and happiness (as an individual self-expression among primaryr schoolchildren). The author has assessed the role of deflection method and paradoxical intention for the social development of the pupil and further formation of the individual. Additional attention has been paid to determination of the socioeducational and psychological and pedagogical potential of such leading method in logotherapy as “The Socratic dialogue” (or “The Socratic circle”): as well have been highlighted the main stages of its implementation: consent (search for what pupil may agree), doubt (an expression of doubts towards weak arguments of interlocutor) and arguments (the teacher must convey' one’s opinion, without any resistance from the child): have been represented different various algorithms of its realization: the method of “aquarium”, “panel method” and “questioning technique”.

Adaptations in the Muscle Cell to Training: Role of the Na+-K+-Atpase

2000 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 204-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard J. Green
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Flux ◽  
Contractile Activity ◽  
Integral Membrane Protein ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Muscle Strain ◽  
Muscle Contractility ◽  
Exercise Adaptation ◽  
Altered Regulation ◽  
Key Words Muscle

The plasticity of skeletal muscle is evident following the onset of regular contractile activity where extensive adaptations can be observed at all levels of organization. Among the properties subject to altered regulation is the Na+-K+-ATPase, an integral membrane protein distributed throughout the sarcolemma and t-tubule, which functions to maintain high Na+ and K+ transmembrane gradients. This protein is uniquely positioned to control muscle excitation and contraction processes, metabolic flux rates, and contractility. Pronounced and rapid upregulation in the Na+-K+-ATPase content can be observed within the first days of exercise and well before the other major ATPase proteins involved in Ca2+ and actomyosin cycling. Moreover, the Na+-K+-ATPase is subject to complex messenger regulation, involved both in the accommodation and the adaptive responses to contractile activity. This emphasizes that adaptive responses can be mediated soon after the onset of training and may have profound affects on muscle contractility and other cellular adaptations. Key Words: muscle, strain, exercise, adaptation, accommodation

Biopolymers: A comprehensive review

2022 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 013-018
Author(s):  
Mohini Chandrashekhar Upadhye ◽  
Mohini Chetan Kuchekar ◽  
Rohini Revansiddhappa Pujari ◽  
Nutan Uttam Sable
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Biological Systems ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Skin Care ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Green Nanotechnology ◽  
Biological Sources ◽  
Living Organisms

Biopolymers are compounds prepared by using various living organisms, including plants. These are composed of repeated units of the same or similar structure (monomers) linked together. Rubber, starch, cellulose, proteins and DNA, RNA, chitin, and peptides are some of the examples of natural biopolymers. Biopolymers are a diverse and remarkably versatile class of materials that are either produced by biological systems or synthesize from biological sources. Biopolymers are used in pharmaceutical industry and also in food industry.Naturally derived polymers are also used for conditioning benefits in hair and skin care. Biopolymers have various applications in medicine, food, packaging, and petroleum industries. This review article is focused on various aspects of biopolymers with a special emphasis on role of biopolymers in green nanotechnology and agriculture.

The role of tree stem proximity in the spatial variability of soil water repellency in a eucalypt plantation in coastal Portugal

Soil Research ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 251 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Keizer ◽  
A. J. D. Ferreira ◽  
C. O. A. Coelho ◽  
S. H. Doerr ◽  
M. C. Malvar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Repellency ◽  
Soil Water Repellency ◽  
Individual Measurement ◽  
Hydrophobic Compounds ◽  
Ethanol Droplet ◽  
Central Portugal ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Tree Stem

Certain organic compounds derived from living organisms or their decaying parts are generally accepted to induce soil water repellency. Water repellency may therefore be expected to increase with proximity to organisms releasing hydrophobic compounds. This hypothesis is tested here for Eucalyptus globulus trees, since eucalypt species are frequently associated with elevated repellency levels. In a young, first-rotation plantation on coastal dune sands in central Portugal, repeat measurements of water repellency using the ‘Molarity of an Ethanol Droplet’ (MED) test were carried out in situ between April 2001 and May 2002. On 25 dates, repellency was measured at initially 2 and later 3 distances on 2 sides of 8–11 randomly selected trees. On 15 occasions, additional repellency measurements were performed within small grids aside 3 of the selected trees. The postulated decrease in topsoil water repellency with increased distance from eucalypt tree stems was found to apply on several individual measurement dates, as well as, more unexpectedly since repellency usually is a transient phenomenon, for the study period as a whole. The results confirm the general association of eucalypt trees with water repellency, and indicate that tree stem proximity is an important but not sufficient factor to explain repellency distribution in topsoil.

scholarly journals Influence of Metal-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strain K1 on the Alleviation of Chromium Stress in Wheat

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fanrong Zeng ◽  
Munazza Zahoor ◽  
Muhammad Waseem ◽  
Alia Anayat ◽  
Muhammad Rizwan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Toxic Metal ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Aureus Strain ◽  
Peat Moss ◽  
Cr Toxicity ◽  
Living Organisms

Chromium (Cr) is recognized as a toxic metal that has detrimental effects on living organisms; notably, it is discharged into soil by various industries as a result of anthropogenic activities. Microbe-assisted phytoremediation is one of the most emergent and environmentally friendly methods used for the detoxification of pollutants. In this study, the alleviative role of Staphylococcus aureus strain K1 was evaluated in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under Cr stress. For this, various Cr concentrations (0, 25, 50 and 100 mg·kg−1) with and without peat-moss-based bacterial inoculum were applied in the soil. Results depicted that Cr stress reduced the plants’ growth by causing oxidative stress in the absence of S. aureus K1 inoculation. However, the application of S. aureus K1 regulated the plants’ growth and antioxidant enzymatic activities by reducing oxidative stress and Cr toxicity through conversion of Cr6+ to Cr3+. The Cr6+ uptake by wheat was significantly reduced in the S. aureus K1 inoculated plants. It can be concluded that the application of S. aureus K1 could be an effective approach to alleviate the Cr toxicity in wheat and probably in other cereals grown under Cr stress.

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