scholarly journals Determination of antiradical activity and phenolic and flavonoid contents of extracts and fractions of jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lamk) seeds

Food Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 36-43
Author(s):  
Zubaydah ◽  
M.H. Sahumena ◽  
W.O.N. Fatimah ◽  
Sabarudin ◽  
M. Arba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Antiradical Activity ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Hexane Fraction ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Artocarpus Heterophyllus ◽  
Water Fraction ◽  
Dpph Method ◽  
Phenolic And Flavonoid

Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lamk) is a plant from the Moraceae family that is widespread in Indonesia. Empirically, jackfruit can be used to cure hypertension, diabetes, cancer, asthma, dermatosis, coughs, wounds, acne, and diarrhea. The bioactive compounds in jackfruit include phenolics and flavonoids, which function as natural antioxidants. This research investigated the antiradical activity of jackfruit seed extracts and fractions using DPPH (2-2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and examined the total phenolic and flavonoid contents which may be developed as functional medicines and foods. The jackfruit seed powder was extracted using the maceration method. Radical scavenging activities were measured using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. Total phenolic contents were determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu method. Meanwhile, the contents of flavonoids were determined using the aluminum chloride complex colorimetric method. The IC50 value of ethyl acetate fraction, methanol extract, n -hexane fraction, and water fraction was 5.435±0.064 µg/mL, 5.639±0.302 µg/mL, 7.201±0.475 µg/mL, and 9.134±0.2911 µg/mL, respectively. The phenolic and flavonoid contents of ethyl acetate fraction, methanol extract, n-hexane fraction, and water fraction were 49.597±1.589, 47.949±1.966, 41.214±4.354 and 35.504±0.913 g GAE/100 g of sample, respectively for phenolic, and 70.199±0.458, 65.228±0.615, 59.907±0.719, and 54.234±0.351 g of quercetin equivalent/100 g of sample, respectively of flavonoids, with a correlation value (R2 ) to antiradical power of 0.4582 for phenolic and 0.5281 for flavonoids. The ethyl acetate fraction of jackfruit seeds can be further developed as an anti -radicals and functional food.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Screening and Antioxidant Activity of Date(Phoenix Dactylifera) Seed Extracts

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2S7) ◽  
pp. 87-89
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Hexane Fraction ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Water Fraction ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Dpph Method

Dates consisting of 90% flesh have been known to have various benefits, but the remaining 10% of them in the form of seeds has not been utilized optimally. The date palm contains a fairly high polyphenol compound, which can act as an antioxidant. This study aims to determine the antioxidant activity of methanol extract and fractionation of the extract of dates using the in vitro method of DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrilhidrazil). The date seeds are made into simplicia, macerated with methanol, and then the extracted methanol is gradually fractionated by n-hexane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and water. Each fraction and extract is phytochemically screened using the standard methods and its antioxidant activity is determined by DPPH method. Methanol extract, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and water fractions contain tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, and saponin, while the n-hexane fraction not contain phytochemical compound based on the phytochemical screening. The ethyl acetate fraction has the strongest antioxidant activity with the lowest IC50 value, that is equal to 3.72 ± 0.44 μg/mL, followed by methanol extract of 4.71 ± 0.64 μg/mL, n-butanol fraction of 6.62 ± 0.08 μg/mL, water fraction of 53.00 ± 18.96 μg/mL, and n-hexane fraction of 250.19 ± 9.69 μg/ mL, while the IC50 value of vitamin C as the positive control is 4.29 ± 0.74 μg/mL. Therefore, date seeds can be a source of natural antioxidants

scholarly journals Determination of Antiradical Activity, Total Phenolic, and Total Flavonoid Contents of Extracts and Fractions of Langsat (Lansium domesticum Coor.) Seeds

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 249-256
Author(s):  
Yamin Yamin ◽  
Ruslin Ruslin ◽  
Sabarudin Sabarudin ◽  
Nurramadhani A Sida ◽  
Henny Kasmawati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Antiradical Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Scorpion Sting ◽  
Tropical Plant ◽  
Fruit Species ◽  
Dpph Method ◽  
Lansium Domesticum ◽  
Phenolic And Flavonoid

Lansium domesticum Coor. is a fruit species from the Meliaceae family, which is a tropical plant native to Southeast Asia. Local citizens call it langsat, longkong, or duku and have used it as traditional medicine. The seeds of L. domesticum are used as a fever medicine, its bark is used to treat scorpion sting, and its leaves are used to repel mosquitoes. Because of its various uses, it is necessary to explore the antiradical potential of L. domesticum seeds. This study aims to determine the antiradical potential of L. domesticum seeds extract and fractions by using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method and to discover compounds that act as antiradical. Lansium domesticum seed powder was macerated with methanol, and then the extract was concentrated using a rotary evaporator and fractionated by n-hexane and ethyl acetate. The antiradical assay was conducted on extract and fractions by using DPPH radicals. Phenolic and flavonoid contents from extract and fractions were also tested. The ethyl acetate fraction obtained strong antiradical potential with an IC50 value of 8.938 � 0.031 �g/mL. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents of ethyl acetate fraction were higher with values ??of 58.25 � 0.501 mgGAE/g sample and 75.123 � 0.175 mgQE/g sample, respectively. Correlation of phenolic and flavonoid contents, which inhibited radicals had R2 values ??of 0.9182 and 0.7658. Ethyl acetate fraction of L. domesticum seeds had very strong antiradical activity. Further isolation is expected to be conducted to discover which compounds are the most responsible as antiradical.

scholarly journals Antiradical activity, total phenolic, and total flavonoids extract and fractions of pumpkin (Cucurbita moshata Duch) leaves

Food Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 348-353
Author(s):  
Sabarudin ◽  
Ruslin ◽  
W.O.S. Zubaydah ◽  
A. Sartinah ◽  
S. Buton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Antiradical Activity ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Total Flavonoids ◽  
Dpph Radical ◽  
Dpph Method ◽  
Water Fractions ◽  
Phenolic And Flavonoid

Pumpkin (Cucurbita moshata Duch) is one of the Cucurbitaceae plants, which traditionally used to treat skin diseases, measles, jaundice, insomnia, cancer and enhances endurance. Therefore, it was necessary to explore the potential of pumpkin leaves as antiradical. This research aim was to examine the antiradical activity and total phenolic and total flavonoids of pumpkin leaves extract and its fractions using the DPPH method and determined the phenolic and flavonoid contents. Pumpkin leave powder was extracted with methanol. Furthermore, water was added into methanol extract, and be partitioned using n-hexane and ethyl acetate to obtain n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and water fractions. The antiradical activities of pumpkin leave extract and fractions were determined using DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryhidrazyl) method. Ethyl acetate fraction obtained higher antiradical activities (IC50 6.737±0.196 µg/mL). Correlation of total phenolic and flavonoid contents to inhibit DPPH radical showed that phenolic and flavonoid contents on pumpkin leaves could be inhibited DPPH radical R2 = 0.8994 and R2 = 0.9061, respectively. Extracts and fraction pumpkin leaves show strong antiradical activity with DPPH methods, so their potential as antiradical can developed and can be used as a functional food.

scholarly journals Determination of Total Phenolic, Total Flavonoid and Antioxidant Activity of Karamunting Leaves (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Aiton) Hassk) Extract and Fraction

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-78
Author(s):  
Rahma Dona
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Total Flavonoid ◽  
Hexane Fraction ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Water Fraction ◽  
Ic50 Value

Karamunting (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Aiton) Hassk) is a family of Myrtaceae which has been used by the community as traditional medicine. The purpose of this research is determine total phenolic and total flavonoid level and test antioxidant activity of Karamunting Leaves. Determination of total phenolic using gallic acid standard by the Folin Ciocalteu method. The results obtained total phenolic in water fraction of 99 mgGAE/g, ethanol extract 94,1 mgGAE/g, ethyl acetate fraction 83,3 mgGAE/g and n-hexane fraction 41,4 mgGAE/g. Determination of total flavonoid using standard quersetin with AlCL3 complex formation method, the results obtained total flavonoid in water fraction of 156,8 mgQE/g, ethanol extract 192,6 mgQE/g, ethyl acetate fraction 89,4 mgQE/g and n-hexane fraction 31,3 mgQE/g. Determination of antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH radical capture test (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl), the results obtained in water fraction with IC50 value 15,02 µg/mL, ethanol extract 14,06 µg/mL, ethyl acetate fraction 14,48 µg/mL with very strong activity of antioxidant, whereas in the n-hexane fraction was categorized as weak antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 264,02 µg/mL.

AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN EKSTRAK ETANOL DAN FRAKSI AKAR TABAR KEDAYAN (Aristolochia foveolata Merr.) DENGAN METODE DPPH (2,2 DIPHENYL-1-PICRILHYDRAZIL)

2019 ◽  
pp. 8-14
Author(s):  
Risa Supringrum ◽  
Siti Jubaidah
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
The Body ◽  
Hexane Fraction ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Water Fraction ◽  
Dpph Method

Antioxidants are substances that can neutralize free radicals, thus protecting the body from various diseases by binding to free radicals and highly reactive molecules that can damage cells. The use of high-dose synthetic antioxidants is reported to be toxic and carcinogenic. Tabar Kedayan root (Aristolochia foveolata Merr) is one of the native plants from North Kalimantan, which is empirically used as an anti-poison, containing secondary metabolites including alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids. Flavonoids are powerful antioxidants. Some studies report that the function of flavonoids can be to prevent and treat cancer. This study aims to determine the antioxidant activity of ethanol extract and n-hexane fraction, the ethyl acetate fraction of Tabar Kedayan root with 2.2 Diphenyl- 1-Picrilhydrazil (DPPH) method as a free radical compound. The results of the study obtained IC50 values for each sample, at ethyl acetate fraction 267.48 ppm, ethanol extract at 603.80 ppm, ethanol-water fraction 705.43 ppm, n- hexane fraction 1500 ppm. The antioxidant activity tests indicate that ethyl acetate fraction is categorized as weak antioxidant, while the ethanol-water fraction and n-hexane fraction exhibit no antioxidant activity. Keywords : Tabar Kedayan, Antioxidants, 2.2 Diphenyl-1-Picrilhydrazil

scholarly journals Comparative Antioxidant Activity on The Ficus benjamina and Annona reticulata Leaves

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Nyi Mekar Saptarini ◽  
Irma Erika Herawati
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Hexane Fraction ◽  
Ficus Benjamina ◽  
Water Fraction ◽  
Free Radical Formation ◽  
Annona Reticulata

Antioxidants can prevent free radical formation. Natural antioxidants found in many plants, such as <em>Ficus benjamina </em>and <em>Annona reticulata</em>. The study aimed to compare the antioxidant activity of extracts and fractions of <em>Ficus benjamina </em>and <em>Annona reticulata</em> leaves against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrilhydrazyl. The steps of this study consist of extraction, fractionation with n-hexane, ethyl acetate and water, phytochemical screening, antioxidant activity determination, and comparing the IC<sub>50</sub> values. Percentage scavenging activity of the extracts and fractions against DPPH was calculated to determine the antioxidant activity. The IC<sub>50</sub> value of <em>Ficus benjamina </em>was 127.86 ppm for ethanolic extract, 94.01 ppm for water fraction, 115.48 ppm for ethyl acetate fraction, and 335.50 ppm for n-hexane fraction. The IC<sub>50</sub> value of <em>Annona reticulata</em> was 274.31 ppm for ethanolic extract, 211.42 ppm for water fraction, 367.91 ppm for ethyl acetate fraction, and 741.08 ppm for n-hexane fraction. The results showed that the <em>Ficus benjamina</em> water fraction was the best antioxidant compared to other extract and fraction.

scholarly journals SYZYGIUM CUMINI (L.) SKEELS LEAF EXTRACT FRACTIONS AS ARGINASE INHIBITORS AND THE EFFECTS OF TANNINS ON THEIR ACTIVITY

2020 ◽  
pp. 268-270
Author(s):  
ARI ARIEFAH HIDAYATI ◽  
BERNA ELYA ◽  
RANI SAURIASARI
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Colorimetric Method ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Syzygium Cumini ◽  
Methanol Fraction ◽  
Phenolic And Flavonoid

Objective: Arginase inhibition could be a potential therapeutic approach for endothelial dysfunction. Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels leaves containphenolic acids and flavonoids, which have been predicted to exhibit arginase inhibitory activity. Moreover, these leaves contain tannins, which canform complexes with enzymes and lead to false-positive results during biological testing. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the arginaseinhibitory activity of S. cumini leaf extract and fractions as well as to elucidate the effects of tannins on this activity.Methods: S. cumini leaves were fractionated using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol. A colorimetric method was employed to evaluate arginaseinhibitory activity. Tannin elimination was performed through the gelatin precipitation method. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the fractionswere calculated using the Folin–Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride methods, respectively.Results: Ethyl acetate and methanol fractions showed arginase inhibitory activity with half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of 46.96 and15.35 μg/mL, respectively. The methanol fraction was positive for tannins. After tannin elimination, this fraction exhibited less potent arginaseinhibitory activity, with an IC50 value of 53.03 μg/mL. The ethyl acetate fraction showed higher total phenolic and flavonoid contents than the methanolfraction.Conclusion: Tannins affected the arginase inhibitory activity of the methanol fraction of S. cumini leaves; however, the ethyl acetate fraction did notcontain tannins and could inhibit arginase activity.

Comparative Antioxidant Activity on The Ficus benjamina and Annona reticulata Leaves

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Nyi Mekar Saptarini ◽  
Irma Erika Herawati
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Hexane Fraction ◽  
Ficus Benjamina ◽  
Water Fraction ◽  
Free Radical Formation ◽  
Annona Reticulata

Antioxidants can prevent free radical formation. Natural antioxidants found in many plants, such as <em>Ficus benjamina </em>and <em>Annona reticulata</em>. The study aimed to compare the antioxidant activity of extracts and fractions of <em>Ficus benjamina </em>and <em>Annona reticulata</em> leaves against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrilhydrazyl. The steps of this study consist of extraction, fractionation with n-hexane, ethyl acetate and water, phytochemical screening, antioxidant activity determination, and comparing the IC<sub>50</sub> values. Percentage scavenging activity of the extracts and fractions against DPPH was calculated to determine the antioxidant activity. The IC<sub>50</sub> value of <em>Ficus benjamina </em>was 127.86 ppm for ethanolic extract, 94.01 ppm for water fraction, 115.48 ppm for ethyl acetate fraction, and 335.50 ppm for n-hexane fraction. The IC<sub>50</sub> value of <em>Annona reticulata</em> was 274.31 ppm for ethanolic extract, 211.42 ppm for water fraction, 367.91 ppm for ethyl acetate fraction, and 741.08 ppm for n-hexane fraction. The results showed that the <em>Ficus benjamina</em> water fraction was the best antioxidant compared to other extract and fraction.

scholarly journals THE ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY AND PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING OF ETHANOL EXTRACT, FRACTIONS OF WATER, ETHYL ACETATE AND n-HEXANE FROM MISTLETOE TEA (SCURRULA ATROPURPUREABL. DANS)

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Resmi Mustarichie
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Hexane Fraction ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Water Fraction ◽  
Ic50 Values

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate antioxidant activity and phytochemical screening of ethanol extract, fractions of water, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane from mistletoe tea (Scurrula atropurpurea Bl. Dans).Methods: Simplicia extracted using soxhlet equipment with 96% ethanol. Fractionation was conducted using liquid-liquid extraction using a solvent of water, ethyl acetate and n-hexane. Screening of phytochemical and antioxidant activity was performed against these fractions. Antioxidant activity was determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl method using ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry with ascorbic acid as standard. Phytochemical screening was conducted based on the method of Farnsworth.Results: The IC50 values of ethanol extract, water fraction, fraction of ethyl acetate, and n-hexane fraction were 21.92 ppm, 89.57 ppm, 14.08 ppm, and 162.09 ppm, respectively, whereas for ascorbic acid was 4.41 ppm. The ethanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction contained compounds were the same group, polyphenolic, tannins, flavonoids, monoterpenoid, steroids, triterpenoids, and quinones. Fraction of water contained compounds such as polyphenolic group, flavonoids, monoterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids, steroids, and triterpenoids. n-hexane fraction compounds contained steroids and triterpenoids.Conclusion: The ethanol extract, water fraction, ethyl acetate fraction, and n-hexane fraction showed antioxidant activities. The ethanol extract, fractions of water, and ethyl acetate fraction contained flavonoids and polyphenolic potential as antioxidants.Keywords: Mistletoe tea, Scurrula atropurpurea, Antioxidant, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, Ascorbic acid.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Investigation and Antimicrobial Activity of Hexane, Ethyl Acetate and Methanol Fractions from Stem Bark of Icacina Trichantha Oliv. (Icacinaceae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-12
Author(s):  
Ojah Emmanuel Onah ◽  
Kachi Jolly Babangida
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Hexane Fraction ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Micro Organisms

Background: Micro-organisms are responsible for the transmission of a large number of diseases. It is hard to comprehend the amount of diseases, deaths and economic losses caused by micro-organisms alone. Plants are good sources of eco-friendly and readily available antimicrobial agents. Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the chemical constituents and antimicrobial characteristics of three fractions from ethnomedicinal Icacina trichantha. Oliv. (Icacinaceae).Methods: Methanol extract from Icacina trichantha. Oliv was obtained by maceration and fractionated successively using hexane, and ethyl acetate. The antimicrobial properties of Icacina trichantha. Oliv was assessed using agar cup diffusion method on MRSA, P. aeruginosa, S. typhi, C. krusei, S. dysenteriae, S. pyrogenes, E. coli, K. pneumoniae, C. albicans, and C. tropicalis. Phytochemical screening on fractions was also evaluated using standard methods.Results: Phytochemical screening on fractions revealed the presence of saponins, alkaloids, steroids, tannins, and glycosides. Agar diffusion assay on fractions showed growth inhibitory effect on all the organisms except P. aeruginosa, S. typhi, and C. tropicalis. The MIC revealed that n-hexane fraction was active against MRSA, S. pyrogenes, E. coli, K. pneumonia, C. albicans and C. krusei at 10 mg/mL while S. dysenteriae was active at 5 mg/mL. The ethyl acetate fraction was active against all the organisms at a concentration of 5 mg/mL except P.aeruginosa, S.typhi and C.tropicalis. Methanol fraction showed activity of 5 mg/mL against MRSA, S. pyrogenes, E. coli, S. dysenteriae, C. albicans and C. krusei except for K. pneumoniae with activity at 10 mg/mL. Minimum bactericidal concentration/fungicidal concentration MBC/MFC evaluated on the n-hexane fraction revealed that MRSA, S. pyrogenes, E. coli, K. pneumoniae, S. dysenteriae, C. albicans, and C. krusei were activeat 20 mg/mL, while the ethyl acetate fraction had MBC/MFC of 10 mg/mL against all the organisms except P. aeruginosa, S. typhi, C. tropicalis. Methanol extract had MBC/MFC of 10 mg/mL against MSRA, E.coli and S. dysenteriae whereas S. pyrogenes, K. pneumoniae, C. albicans and C. krusei had MBC/MFC at 20 mg/mL.Conclusion: Icacina trichantha. Oliv. contain constituents with concentration dependent antimicrobial properties based on type of organism. The plant could be useful in the prevention and treatment of multi-resistant disease causing microorganisms.

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