scholarly journals Trashing Waste

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannnah Blumhardt
Keyword(s):  
Path Dependence ◽  
Intention To Use ◽  
Policy Tools ◽  
Market Failures ◽  
Recycling System ◽  
Waste Policy ◽  
Waste Minimisation ◽  
The Government ◽  
Policy Solutions

Ten years on from the enactment of the Waste Minimisation Act 2008, New Zealand’s waste policy remains sorely neglected. Successive governments have left the act largely unimplemented, allowing market failures, path dependence and fragmentation to deepen throughout New Zealand’s waste and recycling system. In 2017 a new minister assumed the waste portfolio, declaring an intention to use the Waste Minimisation Act to reverse New Zealand’s ‘rubbish record on waste’. This article outlines a range of policy solutions available to the government, analyses why these policy tools have been underutilised to date, and proffers a roadmap for overcoming the identified obstacles.

scholarly journals Economic impacts of craftsman statue on community based tourism development

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 59-73
Author(s):  
A.A. Gde Putra Pemayun ◽  
A.A. Istri Agung Maheswari
Keyword(s):  
Economic System ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Tourism Development ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Market Failures ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
Gary Becker ◽  
The Government ◽  
Medium Enterprises

This study examines the "Economic Impact of Craftsmen Statue on Community Base Tourism Development in Tohpati village Klungkung Bali". The core concept of economic problems is the imbalance between unlimited human needs and the means of satisfying the needs of a limited number. Economics should not be emphasized through the point, but it should be emphasized as an approach to explain human behavior (Gary Becker). The economic system is a means used to regulate all economic activities in society whether done by the government or private in order to achieve prosperity and prosperity together. The Economic system can be divided into three namely: a First capitalist economic system that is all economic activity submitted to the market. Second, the communist economic system is all things governed by the government. The third is a mixed economic system that is a combination of the two economic systems above (capitalist and communist). Indonesia should adopt a mixed economic system because firstly, Indonesia is an emerging country, where market failures often occur due to uneven information or accessibility to transportation and communication facilities. The second is that there are still many Indonesian people are below the poverty line. Thirdly most Indonesians have businesses that are still classified into small and medium enterprises that still can not compete perfectly with a bigger business.

Saving the News

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha Minow
Keyword(s):  
First Amendment ◽  
The United States ◽  
Government Accountability ◽  
Market Failures ◽  
Truth Telling ◽  
Private Industry ◽  
Government Action ◽  
Digital Platforms ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Government

This book argues that US democracy presumes a news industry but that industry currently is failing. It focuses on the contributions of digital platforms and legal rules to the current situation and on the government's responsibilities for alleviating the problem. As the book shows, the First Amendment of the US Constitution assumes the existence and durability of a private industry. Despite some concerns that government action now is not permitted, nothing in the Constitution forecloses government action to regulate concentrated economic power, to require disclosure of who is financing communications, or to support news initiatives where there are market failures. Moreover, the federal government always been involved in shaping the media environment; it has contributed financial resources, laws, and regulations to develop and shape media in the United States. The government has subsidized development of the internet and crafted legal immunities for digital platforms; the government has crafted the direction and contours of America's media ecosystem. The shift of people’s attention to media platforms that borrow news stories without paying for them and spread misinformation jeopardizes journalism, reliable news sources, and the very respect for truth-telling. To maintain government accountability and inform a public as required in a democracy, The book outlines an array of reforms, including a new fairness doctrine, regulating digital platforms as public utilities, using antitrust authority to regulate the media, policing fraud, and more robust funding of public media. As the text stresses, such reforms are not merely plausible ideas; they are the kinds of initiatives needed if the First Amendment guarantee of freedom of the press continues to hold meaning in the twenty-first century.

Evaluating ICT utilization in education administration and management during the COVID-19 outbreak in Pakistan: An empirical review

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-94
Author(s):  
Abdul Rahim Chandio
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Perceived Usefulness ◽  
Education Administration ◽  
Intention To Use ◽  
Education Management ◽  
Tam Model ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Innovative System ◽  
The Government

This study aims to evaluate the utilization of ICT in education administration and management in a Pakistan context during the pandemic outbreak. Adoption of information and communication technologies (ICTs) has digitalized the learning process where education organizations were administrated by means of wireless-based instructions, electronic pedagogy, and online assessment in order to continue the educational activities while the government halted the physical appearance in education institutions. Data collection has been carried by three public universities in which teachers and general administration of these institutions participated to discover their intention to use the assigned technology to administrate organizations’ policies in the way to disseminate the respective service delivery. Survey questionnaires were used, and 178 respondents’ feedback was secured to analyze the study that was carried out via SPSS version 24 and validation OF hypotheses measured by means of regressions and correlations. Moreover, proposed factors like intention to use, perceived ease of ease, perceived usefulness, social influence, and Users’ expectations were used. A theoretical approach was inculcated to encircle the UTAUT and TAM model to determine the adoption of the innovative system education management during the pandemic outbreak in the country.

Environmental Policy and the Economic Crisis

2018 ◽  
pp. 111-132
Author(s):  
Jakob Skovgaard ◽  
Roger Hildingsson ◽  
Bengt Johansson
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Policy ◽  
Climate Policy ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Path Dependence ◽  
Political Orientation ◽  
Ecological Modernization ◽  
The Political ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
International Pressure ◽  
The Government

This chapter employs qualitative analysis to apply the Index of Policy Activity (IPA) to climate policy in Sweden and Demark—two countries often identified as environmental leaders. It finds that the economic crisis that started in 2007–8 had substantial impacts in both states. However, Denmark, which was hit harder and for a much longer period of time than Sweden, witnessed more dismantling of its environmental policy. The analysis suggests that in both countries the political orientation of the government and changes of government proved to be key factors shaping policy ambition. Path dependence, manifested in an entrenched commitment to ecological modernization, helped to maintain support for progressive environmental policy. International pressure was also central in pushing Sweden in particular to express leadership and to promote ambitious climate policy.

Pushing for Policy Innovation

2019 ◽  
pp. 122-147
Author(s):  
Marianne S. Ulriksen
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Domestic Institutions ◽  
Social Safety Net ◽  
Political Interests ◽  
The Government ◽  
Policy Solutions

In the early 2000s, there was low elite commitment to social protection in Tanzania. Yet, in 2012, the government officially launched a countrywide social safety net programme and a year later announced the introduction of an old-age pension. This chapter explores what explains the change in elite commitment to social protection between the early 2000s and 2015. The analysis takes an ideational approach, and it is shown how the promotion of social protection has been driven by international and domestic institutions with the resources, expertise, and authority to present policy solutions fitting the elite’s general ideas about Tanzania’s development challenges and possible responses thereto. Thus, ideas play an important role in policy development but they may also be vulnerable to political interests that can challenge the long-term sustainability of promoted policies.

E-Government Services Adoption

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 12-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isaac Kofi Mensah
Keyword(s):  
Technology Acceptance ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Perceived Usefulness ◽  
Intention To Use ◽  
Perceived Ease Of Use ◽  
Government Services ◽  
Research Article ◽  
Actual Use ◽  
The Government ◽  
Acceptance Model

This research article explores the important elements of trust and transparency to the adoption of e-government services. The Technology Acceptance Model was used as the theoretical framework. The data capture and analyses were conducted with SPSS. The results indicate that trust in the internet was a significant predictor of both the intention to use and perceived ease of use (PEOU), but was not significant in predicting perceived usefulness (PU) and the actual use (AU) of e-government services. Trust in the government (TG) was also not significant in determining both the intention to use and PEOU of e-government services. Rather TG had a significant impact on PU and the actual use (AU) of e-government services. Furthermore, perceived transparency was a significant predictor of PU, IU, and AU of e-government services. The implications of these findings on the implementation of e-government are thoroughly discussed.

Investitionszuschüsse nur bei Schaffung von Arbeitsplätzen? Schlussfolgerungen aus der Förderung eines Investitionsprojektes über die Gemeinschaftsaufgabe im Land Brandenburg

2009 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirko Titze
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Framework ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Market Failures ◽  
Federal States ◽  
Structural Problems ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Joint Task ◽  
The Government ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Production Effects

AbstractThe Joint Task “For the Improvement of the Regional Economic Structure” is one of the most important instruments of the German regional policy. This instrument is applied in regions with strong structural problems and aims to reduce unemployment. The instruments institutional framework demands the creation of additional permanent posts. This paper explores that these requirements can provoke inefficient combinations of production factors. The reasons for that problem can be seen in market failures as well as political disappointments. The government of each federal state has an incentive to demand permanent posts as much as possible because public revenue can equal the government expenditures after a relative short time period due to employment and production effects. The institutional framework of the German financial equalization scheme between the federal states contributes to that problem too - the expenditures for subsidization can be balanced by perequations paid by the other federal states.

Factors Affecting Indian Consumers’ Intention to Use eHealth Services

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 258-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ridhi Bhatia ◽  
Udita Taneja
Keyword(s):  
Computer Literacy ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Quality Of Healthcare ◽  
Intention To Use ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Indian Consumers ◽  
Customer Segment ◽  
Ehealth Services ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Purpose: This study focuses on the degree of acceptance of different categories of eHealth among the Indian consumers and the factors that determine acceptance and intention to use these services. The factors included for the study are as follows: demographic factors, use of information and communication technology (ICT) and the status of healthcare. Design/methodology/approach: Data were collected through personal interviews from a sample of 125 respondents living in urban and semi-urban villages in the National Capital Territory (NCT) of Delhi of India. Quota sampling method was used so that the impact of demographic factors on eHealth services could be analysed. Findings: From this study, we can conclude that the key factors that need to be considered include age, location, computer literacy and healthcare status in terms of healthcare need, accessibility and satisfaction. Practical implications: The results of this study will help in determining the customer segment and size of the market for eHealth. The government can also use the findings of this study to improve the quality of healthcare for its people by ensuring better utilization of eHealth services. Originality/value: eHealth services are an emerging solution to address the issues of healthcare accessibility, affordability and financial viability in developing countries like India. This study contributes to the limited existing literature on exploring the consumers’ intention to use eHealth services in India and the factors that will determine this intention.

From Wealth to Power? The Failure of Layered Reforms in India's Defense Sector

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 560-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moritz Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Change ◽  
Path Dependence ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Rising Powers ◽  
Indian Government ◽  
Defense Procurement ◽  
Causal Pathway ◽  
Rule Changes ◽  
Military Strength ◽  
The Government

Abstract This article puts forward a historical institutionalist explanation of how rising powers translate increased wealth into military strength. It develops microfoundations for path dependence and applies them empirically as an approach to defense procurement. The Indian government layered market reforms onto a state-run defense sector. It aimed to exploit competition in its massive acquisition of combat fighter aircraft after 2007. Yet, despite formal rule changes and overwhelming material benefits, government reformers ultimately failed and returned to an intergovernmental purchase in 2015. I develop two mechanisms to explain this instance of failed institutional change in India. First, the reform's structural misfit created uncertainty, as some of the prerequisites for a market such as sound legal protection and private actors were absent. Second, the government reformers were reluctantly supported at the outset by a coalition of so-called opportunists, which neither fully embraced nor strongly opposed institutional reforms. When problems resulting from the misfit multiplied and promised benefits vanished, however, this coalition dissolved and layering failed. A process-tracing analysis and the triangulation of a diverse set of data substantiate this explanation. The article contributes to debates on institutional change as well as to those on rising powers and the constraints they face in their attempts to transform growing wealth into military strength. Most significantly, it specifies a causal pathway along which state institutions shape the defense policies of rising powers. Layered reforms may fail not only when faced by defenders of the status quo; opportunists may suffice to defeat them.

scholarly journals New municipalism in action or urban neoliberalisation reloaded? An analysis of governance change, stability and path dependence in Madrid (2015–2019)

Urban Studies ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 004209802092534
Author(s):  
Michael Janoschka ◽  
Fabiola Mota
Keyword(s):  
Urban Politics ◽  
Path Dependence ◽  
Urban Governance ◽  
Local Politics ◽  
Electoral Success ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
The Government ◽  
Local Councillors ◽  
Government Coalition

Local politics in Spain has triggered iconic shifts over the last few years, and the electoral success of new ‘movement parties’ in particular has dramatically challenged the political establishment. Between 2015 and 2019, many municipalities – including, crucially, the two biggest cities, Madrid and Barcelona – were governed by coalitions originating from anti-austerity, anti-eviction and pro-democracy struggles. This has significantly affected hegemonic and widely normalised discourses supporting the neoliberalisation of urban politics, and to some extent has also prompted novel governance approaches. Based on empirical research undertaken with local councillors, officials, consultants and activists, the article develops an in-depth analysis of governance transformations in the Spanish capital of Madrid. By doing so, it evaluates the ambiguities and contradictions that the government coalition Ahora Madrid was facing during the 2015–2019 legislative term. The debate stimulates critical reflections for academics, practitioners and movements on the transformative capacities that new municipalisms may enact, as well as the constraints faced by established multi-level urban governance regimes.

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