scholarly journals Health, employment and recession: the impact of the global crisis on health inequities in New Zealand

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Clair Mills
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Health Inequities ◽  
Global Crisis ◽  
Per Capita Gdp ◽  
Unemployment Rates ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact

New Zealand entered a period of economic recession in early 2008, intensified by the global economic crisis of September 2008. Gross domestic product (GDP) fell consistently during 2008, and that year saw the economy’s worst performance in over a decade (The Treasury, 2010a). Real per capita GDP contracted through 2009 and, despite some market optimism in early 2010, economic indicators remain sluggish. Unemployment rates have risen and remain the highest seen since the last recession in 1997–98. The Treasury recently stated that ‘the current recovery is likely to remain muted relative to past recoveries’ (The Treasury, 2010b). 

Emerging from the Global Crisis - Macroeconomic Challenges Facing Low-Income Countries

Policy Papers ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 (40) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rates ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Export Demand ◽  
Global Crisis ◽  
Economic Growth Rate ◽  
Per Capita Gdp ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact

While the impact of the global crisis has been severe, real per capita GDP growth stayed positive in two-thirds of low-income countries (LICs), unlike in previous global downturns, and in contrast to richer countries. The crisis affected LICs not so much through the terms of trade or global interest rates, but rather through a sharp contraction in export demand, foreign direct investment, and remittances (oil exporters also suffered from a sharp fall in oil prices). LICs saw the sharpest decline in their economic growth rate over the last four decades. However, this slowdown followed a period of strong expansion, and real per capita GDP growth has generally held up in LICs, remaining well above growth in richer countries.

The impact of economic crisis on mental and physical health in Italy

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (02) ◽  
pp. 103-110
Author(s):  
S. Tomassi ◽  
M. Ruggeri
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Great Recession ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Behavioural Disorders ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mental And Physical Health

Summary Background: The global crisis that began in 2007 has been the most prolonged economic recession since 1929. It has caused worldwide tangible costs in terms of cuts in employment and income, which have been widely recognised also as major social determinants of mental health (1, 2). The so-called “Great Recession” has disproportionately affected the most vulnerable part of society of the whole Eurozone (3). Across Europe, an increase in suicides and deaths rates due to mental and behavioural disorders was reported among those who lost their jobs, houses and economic activities as a consequence of the crisis.

Competition Policy under Economic Crisis

2009 ◽  
pp. 54-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Shastitko ◽  
S. Avdasheva ◽  
S. Golovanova
Keyword(s):  
Division Of Labor ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Industrial Policy ◽  
Competition Policy ◽  
Transition Economy ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Price Rigidity ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
The Impact

The analysis of competition policy under economic crisis is motivated by the fact that competition is a key factor for the level of productivity. The latter, in its turn, influences the scope and length of economic recession. In many Russian markets buyers' gains decline because of the weakness of competition, since suppliers are reluctant to cut prices in spite of the decreasing demand. Data on prices in Russia and abroad in the second half of 2008 show asymmetric price rigidity. At least two questions are important under economic crisis: the 'division of labor' between pro-active and protective tools of competition policy and the impact of anti-crisis policy on competition. Protective competition policy is insufficient in transition economy, especially in the days of crisis it should be supplemented with the well-designed industrial policy measures which do not contradict the goals of competition. The preferable tools of anti-crisis policy are also those that do not restrain competition.

scholarly journals Impact of unemployment and income on entrepreneurship in post-apartheid South Africa: 1994–2015

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Darma Mahadea ◽  
Irrshad Kaseeram
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Employment Growth ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
National Development ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Per Capita Gdp ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact

Background: South Africa has made significant progress since the dawn of democracy in 1994. It registered positive economic growth rates and its real gross domestic product (GDP) per capita increased from R42 849 in 1994 to over R56 000 in 2015. However, employment growth lagged behind GDP growth, resulting in rising unemployment. Aim and setting: Entrepreneurship brings together labour and capital in generating income, output and employment. According to South Africa’s National Development Plan, employment growth would come mainly from small-firm entrepreneurship and economic growth. Accordingly, this article investigates the impact unemployment and per capita income have on early stage total entrepreneurship activity (TEA) in South Africa, using data covering the 1994–2015 period. Methods: The methodology used is the dynamic least squares regression. The article tests the assertion that economic growth, proxied by real per capita GDP income, promotes entrepreneurship and that high unemployment forces necessity entrepreneurship. Results: The regression results indicate that per capita real GDP, which increases with economic growth, has a highly significant, positive impact on entrepreneurial activity, while unemployment has a weaker effect. A 1% rise in real per capita GDP results in a 0.16% rise in TEA entrepreneurship, and a 1% rise in unemployment is associated with a 0.25% rise in TEA. Conclusion: There seems to be a strong pull factor, from income growth to entrepreneurship and a reasonable push from unemployment to entrepreneurship, as individuals without employment are forced to self-employment as a necessity, survival mechanism. Overall, a long-run co-integrating relationship seems plausible between unemployment, income and entrepreneurship in South Africa.

scholarly journals The Impact of Financial Development on Economic Growth as Countries Develop Financially and Economically: WAEMU Countries Case

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Daouda Coulibaly
Keyword(s):  
Financial Development ◽  
West African ◽  
Seemingly Unrelated Regression ◽  
Per Capita Gdp ◽  
Real Gdp ◽  
Unrelated Regression ◽  
Cointegration Tests ◽  
Real Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact

We analyse financial development’s impact on real gross domestic product per capita in seven West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU) countries from 1970 to 2014. We assume that income and financial development process converge to USA, France and Japan’s levels respectively. An analysis of the unit root and cointegration tests revealed non-stationary and cointegrated series. Estimates are based on the Dynamic Seemingly Unrelated Regression method (DSUR). Our study shows that, (i) the effect of financial development on real per capita GDP improves in WAEMU countries as the latter converge financially to their respective levels in USA, France and Japan; (ii) the effect of financial development on real GDP per capita decreases in the WAEMU countries as they grow economically to reach USA, France and Japan’s income levels; (iii) the degree of the effect of financial development on real per capita GDP in the case of financial systems is stronger than that of the convergence of income.

scholarly journals The Impact of New Technologies and Human Capital on the Contribution of New Ways to the Economy of the Regions of the Northwest Federal District

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Басовская ◽  
Elena Basovskaya ◽  
Басовский ◽  
Leonid Basovskiy
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Komi Republic ◽  
Per Capita Gdp ◽  
Fixed Assets ◽  
Pskov Region ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact

Econometric impact assessments of new technologies and human capital on a contribution of new technological ways to per capita GDP in regions of Northwest Federal District of Russia are received. Coefficients of elasticity of a contribution of new ways to per capita GDP on use of the new technologies estimated by armament the work equity new fixed assets and for use of the human capital estimated by a share of busy workers with the higher education are estimated. The use of new technologies is the most effective in St. Petersburg, in the Murmansk, Leningrad regions and in the Komi Republic. Efficiency use of new technologies in the Pskov region is the lowest. The human capital is most effectively in the Komi Republic, the Murmansk and Leningrad regions. Efficiency use of a human capital in the Pskov region is the lowest.

The Impact of Infrastructure on Growth in Developing Countries

2017 ◽  
pp. 40-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derya Yılmaz ◽  
Işın Çetin
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Instrumental Variables ◽  
Dynamic Panel Data ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Per Capita Gdp ◽  
Gdp Growth Rate ◽  
Generating Capacity ◽  
Catch Up ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact

Infrastructure and growth nexus has been debated in the literature since 1980s. This debate has a vital importance for the sake of developing countries. These countries need to grow faster in order to catch-up their advanced counterparts. Thus, it is important to detect the effect of infrastructure on growth. Bearing in mind this fact, we develop a standard growth regression in this present chapter using per capita GDP growth rate as a dependent variable. Infrastructure is added to the model as an index constructed from the indicators of infrastructure: total electric generating capacity, total telephone lines and the length of road network. We also employ set of instrumental variables comprising 29 developing countries between 1990 and 2014. In order to estimate our dynamic panel data we prefer GMM estimators. According to our empirical analysis, we can claim that infrastructure has a positive and significant impact on growth. But this impact is smaller than the earlier studies predict.

Infrastructural Development

2017 ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maniklal Adhikary ◽  
Melisha Khatun
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Data Model ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Panel Data Model ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Rate Of Growth ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact

Development of infrastructure industries is essential to enhance the growth of a developing country. The present chapter attempts to examine the impact of infrastructure on Gross Domestic Product and Per Capita Gross Domestic Product of six SAARC countries from the period 1990-91 to 2013-14. The model is mis-specified whenever we have used the restricted panel data model. We have derived the results by employing the unrestricted panel data model. Impact of road, internet users and total electricity production on the level of GDP as well as on the level of PCGDP is highest for India among the all SAARC countries. India has also the highest rate of growth of GDP over the entire period. Rate of growth of PCGDP is highest for Sri Lanka followed by India.

scholarly journals The Implications of the Recent Economic Crisis on Fertility in Greece

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Byron Kotzamanis ◽  
Anastasia Kostaki
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Economic Crises ◽  
Family Policies ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Social Security Systems ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
The Impact

A systematic review of past economic recessions occurred in developed countries confirms that social and economic crises often have serious effects on fertility while, beyond national differentiations, these effects have certain characteristics, e. g. a weak effect on generational fertility;an postponement on the timing of first birth, closely related to a late marriage or union;a close relationship between unemployment and age-specific fertility. The sensitivity of fertility behavior to economic crises is less marked in countries with longstanding family policies and strong social security systems. The recent social and economic recession in Greece took place under different social conditions than many recessions in the past. More women than ever are participating in the labor market, most couples use reliable contraception that enables them to postpone childbearing, while social security and health costs are burdened from the rapidly expanding numbers of elderly. All these factors can affect reproductive decisions and potentially aggravate the negative effects of the recession on fertility. This work, using the latest available official data of Greece, provides an investigation of the impact of the current economic crisis on fertility levels, as well as the evolution of these levels through time.

scholarly journals Human Capital Development and Macroeconomic Performance in Nigeria: An Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Approach

ETIKONOMI ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-196
Author(s):  
Olukayode Emmanuel Maku ◽  
Emmanuel Ogbonna Ajike ◽  
Solomon Chimereze Chinedu
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Macroeconomic Performance ◽  
Human Capital Development ◽  
Per Capita Gdp ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Capital Development ◽  
The Impact

Developed nations continue to invest heavily in the development and training of their human resources. Huge budgetary allocations show it to education and health, yet Nigeria’s human capital development policy has only been effective on paper. This study examined the impact of human capital development on the macroeconomic performance of Nigeria. Using the autoregressive distributed lagged (ARDL) model, this study shows an insignificant negative relationship between human capital development and per capita GDP in the short run. The results also showed that only the tertiary enrolment rate significantly and positively improved per capita GDP within the period under review. The study concluded that the government’s efforts aimed at boosting human capital have been insufficient.JEL Classification: O47, J11, J24

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