scholarly journals Choice of Modern Food Distribution Channels and Its Welfare Effects: Empirical Evidence from Taiwan

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 499
Author(s):  
Yun-Cih Chang ◽  
Min-Fang Wei ◽  
Yir-Hueih Luh
Keyword(s):  
Control Function ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Distribution Channel ◽  
Marketing Channel ◽  
Distribution Channels ◽  
Food Distribution ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Farm Households ◽  
Farm Household ◽  
Decomposition Approach

The determinants and/or economic effects of modern food distribution channels have attracted much attention in previous research. Studies on the welfare consequences of modern channel options, however, have been sparse. Based on a broader definition of modern food distribution channels including midstream processors and downstream retailers (supermarkets, hypermarkets, brand-named retailers), this study contributes to the existing body of knowledge by exploring the distributional implications of farm households’ choice of modern food distribution channels using a large and unique farm household dataset in Taiwan. Making use of the two-step control function approach, we identify the effect of modern food distribution options on farm households’ profitability. The results reveal selling farm produce to modern food distributors does not produce a positive differential compared to the traditional outlets. Another dimension of farm household welfare affected by the choice of modern food distribution channel is income inequality. We apply the Lerman and Yitzhaki decomposition approach to gain a better understanding of the effect of the marketing channel option on the overall distribution of farm household income. The Gini decomposition of different income sources indicates that the choice of modern food distribution channels results in an inequality-equalizing effect among the farm households in Taiwan, suggesting the inclusion of smallholder farmers in the modern food distribution channels improves the overall welfare of the rural society.

scholarly journals Adoption of E-Commerce and M-Commerce Marketing Practices

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 20-35
Author(s):  
Pratap Chandra Mandal
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Channel ◽  
Marketing Channel ◽  
Distribution Channels ◽  
Smart Phones ◽  
Privacy And Security ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Business Excellence

E-commerce has become an important marketing channel with the increasing usage of internet by customers. Companies use both physical intermediaries and online distribution channels for selling their products and services. The study discusses about pure-click companies which sell products online and about brick-and-click companies which sell products both online and through intermediaries. The study focuses on m-commerce which is becoming an important distribution channel and preferred mode of transaction with the increasing usage of smart phones. Companies practicing e-commerce and m-commerce adopt a number of strategies to delight their customers and these strategies are discussed. Both e-commerce and m-commerce have a number of privacy and security issues. Companies should be aware of these issues and formulate measures to ensure privacy and security of information shared by customers. All these will help companies in adopting e-commerce and m-commerce, delighting their customers, building long-term relationships, and in achieving business excellence.

scholarly journals Consumer Understanding of Nutritional Supplements: An Irish Context

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Ann Walsh ◽  
Angela Wright
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Distribution Channel ◽  
Nutritional Supplements ◽  
Marketing Channel ◽  
Distribution Channels ◽  
Nutritional Supplement ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Mixed Method Research ◽  
Health Food ◽  
Food Stores

<p class="ber"><span lang="EN-GB">Nutritional Supplements have been available in Ireland for over thirty years. Originally available in health food stores only, supplements now have several distribution channels including pharmacy, practitioner, and online. Recommendations for consumption can come from many sources including general physicians, alternative practitioners, dieticians and nutritionists. The demand for Nutritional Supplements has increased over the years, and the industry has expanded exponentially. Nutritional Supplements provide an important opportunity to optimize illness prevention. As scientists and health professionals start to understand the value of Nutritional Supplements in terms of the prevention and treatment of disease, consumers follow suit. Market growth of Nutritional Supplements is reliant both on market positioning and the distribution strategies and channels chosen by the industry. The success or failure is dependent on how effectively and efficiently their products are sold through marketing channel members (e.g., agents, wholesalers, distributors, and retailers). </span></p><p class="ber"><span lang="EN-GB">An examination of the distribution channel most appropriate to the purchase of Nutritional Supplements, and advice on their consumption has never been investigated in Ireland to date; hence, this research will be applicable to those involved in this specific industry. </span></p><p class="ber"><span lang="EN-GB">A mixed method research approach was undertaken in this study to enable a thorough overview of the industry as it currently stands in Ireland. This research examines the quality of education of those who are distributing, retailing and/or recommending Nutritional Supplements. Qualitative data was collected through semi-structured interviews with twelve participants working within the Nutritional Supplement sector. This research also examines the thoughts of the consumer, relative to preferred distribution channels and who they deem most appropriate as advisors of Nutritional Supplements in Ireland. This was executed through a quantitative process and the consumer data was collated via an online survey. </span></p><p class="ber"><span lang="EN-GB">A key finding of this study is that those who are considered best qualified for consultation (general practitioner, dietician and pharmacist), are actually not qualified enough to distribute Nutritional Supplement advice. Health food stores are the preferred distribution channel by consumers; however, Health store workers are not recognised as the most trustworthy for advice. This research will benefit those involved in the manufacture and distribution of Nutritional Supplements in Ireland. </span></p>

scholarly journals Analisis Saluran dan Marjin Pemasaran Gula Pasir Milik Petani di Kecamatan Gedeg Mojokerto Jawa Timur

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
Tri Endar Suswatiningsih ◽  
Erwin Maryana ◽  
Arum Ambarsari
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Channel ◽  
Marketing Channel ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Distribution Channels ◽  
Marketing Channels ◽  
Primary Method ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Marketing Efficiency ◽  
Efficient Distribution

This study analyzes the marketing channels and efficient distribution channels carried out by farmers in marketing sugar products to consumers, knowing how the most economically efficient distribution channels and the obstacles faced by each distribution institution. The essentials primary method used in this research was descriptive. Determination of the location of the study was done purposively. Farmer samples were taken by simple random sampling, and the example of traders was taken by snowball sampling. The entire selection was 28 famers and eight merchants. The research was conducted in May 2018. Data analyzes by calculating the marketing margin and efficiency of each marketing channel. This study indicates that farmers chose four distribution channels to distribute the sugar they have to consumers. The most economically efficient distribution channel was distribution channel III, with an IDR 7,61/kg marketing efficiency value and a marketing margin was IDR 1.000/kg.

Income-Based Poverty among Non-Farm Households in Rural Punjab

2020 ◽  
pp. 204-210
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Farm Households ◽  
Farm Household ◽  
Expert Group ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Service Category ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Per Capita

This paper focuses upon the magnitude of income-based poverty among non-farm households in rural Punjab. Based on the primary survey, a sample of 440 rural non-farm households were taken from 44 sampled villages located in all 22 districts of Punjab.The poverty was estimated on the basis of income level. For measuring poverty, various methods/criteria (Expert Group Criteria, World Bank Method and State Per Capita Income Criterion) were used. On the basis of Expert Group Income criterion, overall, less than one-third of the persons of rural non-farm household categories are observed to be poor. On the basis, 40 percent State Per Capita Income Criteria, around three-fourth of the persons of all rural non-farm household categories are falling underneath poverty line. Similarly, the occurrence of the poverty, on the basis of 50 percent State Per Capita Income Criteria, showed that nearly four-fifths of the persons are considered to be poor. As per World Bank’s $ 1.90 per day, overall, less than one-fifth of rural non-farm household persons are poor. Slightly, less than one-fourth of the persons are belonging to self-employment category, while, slightly, less than one-tenth falling in-service category. On the basis of $ 3.10 per day criteria, overall, less than two-fifth persons of all rural non-farm household categories were living below the poverty line.

scholarly journals ANALISIS RUMAH KABEL BAWAH TANAH PADA PROYEK PEKERJAAN JARINGAN UTILITAS SKTT 150 KV PLUMPANG - GAMBIR

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-70
Author(s):  
Redaksi Tim Jurnal
Keyword(s):  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Distribution Channel ◽  
Distribution Channels ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Land Acquisition ◽  
Shear Stability ◽  
Cable Networks ◽  
Underground Cable ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Soil Instability

Underground cable distribution channels to be excellent especially in big cities like Jakarta. This is because the underground cable distribution is a solution to the difficulty of land acquisition that will be used for top cable networks. Nevertheless, there is an important factor to be considered in implementing the underground cable distribution channel that is the condition of the soil through which the cable. This study aims to determine the dimensions of the cable house was safe from the soil instability. The soil instability are the stability of bolsters and the shear stability and take into account the carrying capacity of the foundation used. The data used as a reference in the analysis using research data that has been done previously. In stability analysis and foundation bearing capacity used Geo5 software demo version aid. The results obtained from the analysis, with variations on the dimensions of the cable house used are 2 mx 2 m, 2.5 mx 2.5 m and 3 mx 3 m, it is seen that the greater the dimensions used then the security number of stability bolsters, soil shear stability and the carrying capacity of the foundation decreases. This is due to the greater the dimensions of the cable house used, the greater the burden borne by the soil.

scholarly journals Distribution Channels for Wine Tourism in New Zealand

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Ying Liu
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Distribution Channel ◽  
Information Provision ◽  
Distribution Channels ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Corporate Groups ◽  
Wine Tourism ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Tourism Product ◽  
Direct Distribution

<p>This study examines the structure of the distribution channels and the underlying factors influencing the most prominent channel choices within the wine tourism industry in New Zealand. This research specifically compares wine tourism in Marlborough and Auckland. It aims to provide a better understanding of the distribution channels for practitioners in the wine tourism industry, with the hope of assisting them to develop their wine tourism businesses successfully and manage the businesses growth effectively. This is a destination-based study performed by employing qualitative approaches focusing on the supply-side through semi-structured interviews. These in-depth interviews were conducted with the owners or managers of the local wine tour operators and wineries in the two regions. The findings generally show that wine tourism businesses place a clear priority on direct distribution of their wine tourism product to visitors “at destination”; the majority of customers of all these businesses are independent visitors. Specifically, overseas independent tourists comprise the largest portion of customers to local wine tour operators in Marlborough and Auckland. The wine tour operators work more actively with intermediaries and reach tourists “in market”, “while travelling” and “at destination” than wineries in these two regions. Marlborough wineries and Auckland wine tour operators and wineries receive domestic corporate groups, most of whom are approached “at destination” with direct distribution. Compared with wineries in Marlborough, more corporate groups use Auckland wine tour operators to visit wineries. Marlborough wineries and wine tour operators, and Auckland wine tour operators receive more international visitors, whereas the majority of visitors to Auckland wineries are from Auckland. When considering the function of wine tourism distribution channels, information provision, reservation and purchase are nearly equally important to local wine tour operators in both Marlborough and Auckland; the most widely used functions for Marlborough wineries is information provision; for Auckland wineries, information provision and purchase play significant roles in the distribution of wine tourism product. Factors influencing distribution channel choice include information provision cost, commissions, businesses’ attitudes towards tourism, perceptions of the Internet, service diversity, capacity, accessibility, availability, market segments, reputation and nature of intermediaries.</p>

scholarly journals Paths to the Market: analysing tourism distribution channels for community-based tourism

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Schott
Keyword(s):  
Central Government ◽  
Market Access ◽  
Distribution Channel ◽  
Distribution Channels ◽  
Channel Structure ◽  
Economic Sustainability ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Five Factors ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Distribution Structure

<p>This research investigates distribution channels as a critical business mechanism for community-based tourism (CBT) by connecting CBT projects with the market. Specifically, it examines the distribution channels structure of a culture & heritage focused CBT project in Cambodia, explores the key influencing factors behind the observed structure, and develops recommendations for improved economic sustainability. The paper is informed by 21 interviews which were conducted with respondents from Banteay Chhmar CBT, key private sector businesses, NGOs, local and central government, and CBT experts. The examination of the distribution channel structure reveals considerable channel diversity which sees both direct and a variety of indirect channels included in the distribution mix. Due to the community-guided nature of the CBT project, intermediaries had a very strong presence in the distribution structure and maintained both direct and multi-layered indirect channels with consumers. Five factors were identified to underlie the observed distribution structure: commissionable product, product characteristics and market access, information and communication technology, partnership issues, and community capacity. Based on these findings a range of recommendations are proposed that seek to improve the distribution channels related economic sustainability of the CBT project.</p>

Global E-Banking Trends

2010 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Sujana Adapa
Keyword(s):  
Financial Services ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Distribution Channel ◽  
Distribution Channels ◽  
Alternative Strategy ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Bank Branches ◽  
Industrialized Nations ◽  
Traditional Mode ◽  
The Impact

The traditional mode of delivering products and services by banks to the consumers’ is through a single distribution channel and that is physical bank branches. Financial services industry is metamorphosing due to the advent of internet, rapid technological evolutions, deregulation, globalization as well as the impact of changing competitive and regulatory forces. In order to cope with the quick changes in the business scenario, banks started to rely on distribution channels as an alternative strategy for differentiation and gaining further competitive advantage. The abovementioned paved way for the development of the ebanking phenomena. This chapter attempts to provide a comprehensive explanation of what ebanking is, the evolution of ebanking, existing trends of ebanking in developed, developing and newly industrialized nations, future directions for further possible research and concluding remarks. The content provided in this chapter would be useful for existing and potential banks to better understand the global ebanking trends and thus aid in the effective formulation of channel management strategies and reap the benefits out of it.

Managing Internal Marketing Channel Conflict: A Proposal for Narrative Epistemology

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 901-916
Author(s):  
Asad Aman
Keyword(s):  
Narrative Analysis ◽  
Distribution Channel ◽  
Marketing Channel ◽  
Internal Marketing ◽  
Management Research ◽  
Channel Conflict ◽  
Positive Interventions ◽  
Industrial Marketing ◽  
Sales Teams ◽  
Fast Moving Consumer Goods

This article calls for extending the understanding and management of the channel conflict that occurs between competing sales teams inside a manufacturer organization. This internal battle occurs as the sales teams try to sell manufacturer products to two different channel members (e.g., retailers, wholesalers, etc.) in the same market and, as a result, compete for quotas, sales targets, promotional budgets, etc. The article argues that by drawing on narrative epistemology, which has extensively been applied in management research, marketing scholars and practitioners can gain novel insights through which understanding and management of internal channel conflict could be enhanced. An epistemological review of the extant literature on the topic in the field of Industrial Marketing is presented. Drawing on the narrative method, three narratives told by competing groups in the context of Pakistan’s evolving fast moving consumer goods (FMCG) distribution channel are constructed, and an empirical model is developed for narrative analysis. It is shown that the understanding of various narrative logics and alignments can help in positive interventions in the channel story network.

Managing Conflict in Distribution Channels: A Laboratory Study

1973 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis W. Stern ◽  
Brian Sternthal ◽  
C. Samuel Craig
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Study ◽  
Distribution Channel ◽  
Distribution Channels ◽  
Superordinate Goal

This article examines a laboratory methodology for studying interorganizational conflict between members of a distribution channel. A parasimulation approach was used to investigate the effectiveness of a superordinate goal and an exchange-of-persons program in managing conflict.

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