THE CLASSIFICATION OF PRAYER HALLS IN MODERN SAUDI MASJIDS: WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE CITY OF JEDDAH

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Elkhateeb ◽  
Maged Attia ◽  
Yaser Balila ◽  
Adnan Adas
Keyword(s):  
Special Reference ◽  
Spatial Configuration ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Spatial Configurations ◽  
New Construction ◽  
Different Shapes ◽  
The City ◽  
Over Time

Prayer hall, where traditional Muslim prayers take place, is the most important element of Masjids (mosques). Prayer halls are historically shaped as simple orthogonal walled spaces. Over time, little changes have occurred to them. Recently, with the evolution of architectural schools of thought and the advent of new construction and electromechanical systems, prayer halls have been subject to creativity and experimentation. Architects designed prayer halls with different shapes, spatial configurations and forms which, in some instances, contradict with the essentials of prayer. This research attempts to monitor and classify different types of contemporary prayer halls according to their spatial configuration with special reference to the Saudi Arabian context. Taking the city of Jeddah as a case study, a representative sample of masjids is surveyed, documented, analyzed and classified. The analysis is based on shape, enclosure, symmetry and complexity of prayer halls space. The study concludes basic and non-basic prayer halls and their corresponding bisects. The classification, however, constitutes a base upon which design criteria for prayer halls across the Islamic countries can be built.

Diagnostic Geotechnical Study of Cracks Experienced by Residential Compound: A Case Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 857 ◽  
pp. 394-398
Author(s):  
Taghreed Kh. Mohammed Ali ◽  
Hussein M. Ashour Al.Khuzaie ◽  
Basim Jabbar Abbas ◽  
Muayad B.A. Allous ◽  
Balen Z. Abdulsamad
Keyword(s):  
Clay Soil ◽  
High Plasticity ◽  
Swelling Potential ◽  
Compound A ◽  
Swelling Soil ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Problematic Soils ◽  
Different Shapes

Swelling soil is a type of problematic soils. It always causes different types of failures such as cracks experienced by structures founded on this soil due to swelling. A residential compound has been built as one-story houses in Sargalu (Kurdistan region, Iraq) experienced cracks. These failures appear in different shapes of cracks mainly diagonal in walls under the window openings and hair cracks in walkways. The soil of site is clay soil with moderate to high plasticity and swelling potential. This classification of the soil was investigated by taking specimens form pits so closed to the foundation of the structures. The soil properties were studied: soil grain size distribution, plasticity indices, unconfined compression strength, and water content. The diagnose gives the cause of the deterioration to the houses, which is as a result of swelling potential of the clay soil due to the seasonal variation of moisture content.

scholarly journals Accessible Routes Integrating Data from Multiple Sources

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Miguel R. Luaces ◽  
Jesús A. Fisteus ◽  
Luis Sánchez-Fernández ◽  
Mario Munoz-Organero ◽  
Jesús Balado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Data Model ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Heterogeneous Data ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Heterogeneous Data Sources ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Software Sensors ◽  
The City

Providing citizens with the ability to move around in an accessible way is a requirement for all cities today. However, modeling city infrastructures so that accessible routes can be computed is a challenge because it involves collecting information from multiple, large-scale and heterogeneous data sources. In this paper, we propose and validate the architecture of an information system that creates an accessibility data model for cities by ingesting data from different types of sources and provides an application that can be used by people with different abilities to compute accessible routes. The article describes the processes that allow building a network of pedestrian infrastructures from the OpenStreetMap information (i.e., sidewalks and pedestrian crossings), improving the network with information extracted obtained from mobile-sensed LiDAR data (i.e., ramps, steps, and pedestrian crossings), detecting obstacles using volunteered information collected from the hardware sensors of the mobile devices of the citizens (i.e., ramps and steps), and detecting accessibility problems with software sensors in social networks (i.e., Twitter). The information system is validated through its application in a case study in the city of Vigo (Spain).

scholarly journals PLANNING OF PRIVATE GATED DEVELOPMENT: AN ANALYSIS OF GATED VS NON-GATED NEIGHBOURHOODS, CITY OF GURUGRAM, INDIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajay Kaushik
Keyword(s):  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Spatial Configuration ◽  
Space Syntax ◽  
Gated Community ◽  
Neighbourhood Environment ◽  
Scholarly Literature ◽  
The World ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
The City

The cities are expanding rapidly all over the world. India has also experienced this phenomenon and has continued the pace of growth. The recent trends in spatial growth of the cities are a new phenomenon in Indian urban landscape. The cities in India are witnessing development with the help of private developers for the last couple of decades. Being private properties these are by nature of exercising control have gates and boundaries. In scholarly literature these are called as Gated Community/Gated Development. Authors have argued them from various perspectives of anthropology, law, management and sociology etc. but very little has been discussed about their planning and morphology. Although, the rise of Gated Development is majorly attributed to the sense of fear and need for security, yet architects and urban designers, and even sociologist stress upon other methods to make the neighbourhoods secured. Hence the security aspects are not made part of the research here. The aspects of how these gated development impacts the perception of neighbourhood by residents is not touched upon. The paper discusses the distinction between the gated and non-gated neighbourhoods and also how residents perceive their neighbourhoods at large. For explaining this phenomenon, three neighbourhoods in the city of Gurugram in Haryana state in India have been identified as case study. These are identified on the basis of different morphological images that are identified. Space syntax and space cognition through sketch mapping is used for the analysis of the three neighbourhoods. The paper suggest that the continuity and connectivity of any spatial configuration is of utmost importance to make neighbourhood environment worthy of living life more socially connected.

scholarly journals Urban, industrial and technological risks. Synthesis of the elements of vulnerability of the city of Hassi-Messaoud

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lahcene Bouzouaid ◽  
Moussadek Benabbas
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Job Search ◽  
Population Distribution ◽  
Risk Assessments ◽  
Demographic Development ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
The City

Abstract Today, Algeria is one of the developing countries that are engaging seriously into a new approach consisting of all kinds of combined risk assessments for better prevention them. Note that, this is a fairly important parameter, that is, the safety of people and property. However, the magnitude of the risk, of whatever nature, affects a variety of diversified aspects (Human, economic, technical and environmental). This study presented a case study, which is sometimes paradoxical, seeing that it is the result of the combination of all risk factors and specific factors related to them connected to a fragile urban environment: Hassi-Messaoud. It is well known that Hassi-Messaoud is one of the most important city for Algeria's economy; in which the demographic development is mainly known by incessant flows of immigrants, motivated essentially by job search. This arbitrary of population distribution exposes this city to a certain danger; especially as Hassi-Messaoud is in a zone subject to a probable risk expressed here by being characteristic of an oil zone. Thus, this article aimed to provide elements of risk assessment related to oil activity. This approach could conclude that, through a schematic scale, the different types and levels of exposure and vulnerability could be identified, that is, characteristics of the urban space in question.

Framework for metaphor-based spatial configuration design: a case study of Japanese rock gardens

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-232
Author(s):  
Yuval Kahlon ◽  
Haruyuki Fujii
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Spatial Configuration ◽  
Configuration Design ◽  
Design Phase ◽  
Rock Composition ◽  
Conceptual Design Phase ◽  
Spatial Configurations ◽  
Visual Potential ◽  
Alternative Designs

AbstractMetaphors are powerful tools for design, enabling designers to encapsulate sets of properties and relations as short verbal descriptions. This paper aims to clarify how simple spatial configurations may emerge from concise metaphoric descriptions at the conceptual design phase. To this aim, we propose a framework for a metaphor-based design process. As a basis for the framework, we introduce the concept of “complementary visual potential” – a property which ties the spatial configuration of the objects in the composition with their metaphoric roles. The framework is developed by studying the practice of metaphor-based spatial configuration design in Japanese rock gardens. Accordingly, it is implemented and tested in this context by attempting to generate alternative designs for an existing rock composition in the famous garden of Ryōan-ji. This is followed by a discussion of its possible implications and potential for generalization to other areas of design.

scholarly journals Geographic and socioeconomic distribution of food vendors: a case study of a municipality in the Southern Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Nappi Correa ◽  
Cristina Maria Proença Padez ◽  
Ângelo Horta de Abreu ◽  
Francisco de Assis Guedes de Vasconcelos
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Healthy Food ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Distribution Profile ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The City

Abstract: The objective of this study was to identify the food vendor distribution profile of the city of Florianópolis, Santa Catarina State, Brazil, and investigate its association with the socioeconomic and demographic characteristics of different municipal regions. This descriptive, cross-sectional study obtained the location of food vendors from secondary data from different institutional sources. The density of different types of food vendors per 1,000 inhabitants in each municipal weighted area was calculated. The Kruskal-Wallis test compared the mean density of food vendors and the weighted income areas. The lowest-income regions had the lowest density of butchers, snack bars, supermarkets, bakeries/pastry shops, natural product stores, juice bars, and convenience stores. The identification of these areas may encourage the creation of public policies that facilitate healthy food startups and/or maintenance of healthy food vendors, especially in the lowest-income regions.

The Development and Application of the Green Construction Technology in Small and Mid-Sized Cities - A Case Study of Jincheng, Shanxi Province

2013 ◽  
Vol 689 ◽  
pp. 125-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Min Cui ◽  
Yuan Ping Liu
Keyword(s):  
Green Buildings ◽  
Shanxi Province ◽  
Construction Technology ◽  
Green Construction ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The City ◽  
Further Development

This paper sets as the research object the development and application of the green construction technology in the city of Jincheng and makes an analysis on the representative examples selected respectively from three different types of buildings, that is, residential, office and commerrcial buildings, to summarize the technical achievements as well as raise the relevant suggestions for the further development of the green construction technology, which will play an important role to guide the improvement and advancement of the green buildings in small and mid-sized cities.

scholarly journals How Does China’s New Consumption Era Reshape Residents’ Shopping Behaviors from the Perspective of Community in Hohhot, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 7599
Author(s):  
Fangqu Niu ◽  
Fang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Penetration Rate ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
New Era ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Variable Influence ◽  
The City

In the new consumption era, the popularization and application of information technology has continuously enriched residents’ consumption channels, gradually reshaping their consumption concepts and shopping behaviors. In this paper, Hohhot is taken as a case study, using open-source big data and field survey data to theorize the characteristics and mechanism of residents’ shopping behaviors in different segments of consumers based on geography. First, communities were divided into five types according to their location and properties: main communities in urban areas (MCs), historical communities in urban areas (HCs), high-grade communities in the outskirts of the city (HGCs), mid-grade communities in urban peripheries (MGCs), and urban villages (UVs). On this basis, a structural equation model is used to explore the characteristics of residents’ shopping behaviors and their influencing mechanisms in the new consumption era. The results showed that: (1) The online shopping penetration rate of residents in UVs and HCs is lowest, and that of residents in HGC is highest. (2) The types of products purchased in online and offline shopping by different types of community show certain differences. (3) From the perspective of influencing mechanisms, residents’ characteristics directly affect their shopping behaviors and, indirectly (through the choice of community where they live and their consumption attitudes), their differences in shopping behaviors. Different properties of communities cannot directly affect residents’ shopping behaviors, but they can affect them indirectly by influencing consumption attitudes and then affect such behaviors. Typical consumption attitudes of the new era, such as shopping for luxuries and emerging consumption, have the most significant and direct influence on shopping behaviors, as well as an intermediate and variable influence.

scholarly journals Becoming WestConnex – Becoming Sydney: Object-oriented politics, contested storylines and the multi-scalar imaginaries of building a motorway network in Sydney, Australia

2021 ◽  
pp. 239965442110509
Author(s):  
Graham Haughton ◽  
Phil McManus
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Scales ◽  
Object Oriented ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Material Objects ◽  
Infrastructure Projects ◽  
The City ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Sydney Australia

Drawing on and developing literatures on automobilities, vertical urbanisms and the use of storylines to understand mega transport projects, we imagine infrastructure as a shifting assemblage of actors, storylines and material objects and practices. In the case of motorway building, this requires an understanding of how competing storylines about how both the infrastructure itself and the city it is located in are mobilised and politicised across diverse local geographies and multiple scales as the process proceeds. Our case study focuses on WestConnex, a 33 km motorway being built in Sydney, Australia. Similar to other major transport infrastructure projects, WestConnex morphed over time, growing in ambition, budget, complexity, debate and by enrolling new actors.

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