scholarly journals Nigeria’s First Republic and Post 1966 Federalism: A Comparative Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Isah Shehu Mohammed ◽  
Muhammad Fuad bn Othman ◽  
Nazariah Binti Osman
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Fiscal Federalism ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Resource Control ◽  
Power Sharing ◽  
The Other ◽  
Regional Autonomy ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
First Republic

Objective: The objective is to make a comparative study of the Nigeria’s First Republic (1954-1966) and the post 1966 federalism. The two periods saw Nigeria practicing federalism with different power sharing and governmental components arrangements. The study is significant at this time of search for a viable federalism, incessant agitations for restructuring the Nigerian state, and increasing threats to her unity and cohesion over the federal arrangement. Methodology: The study used non-numerical, secondary and historically documented sources to collect data and also used the historical method and practical events in Nigeria’s journey of federalism to analyse the data. Result: In the First Republic, it was a fiscal federalism with greater regional autonomy and limited constitutional powers to the Central Government, while the post 1966 federalism had more and strategic powers constitutionally allocated to the Central Government. First Republic federalism was more disciplined in financial and residual matters and power with greater autonomy and competition between regions which greatly fostered development and accountability among them, with less constitutional frictions between the Central and Regions. Implication: The study fills an existing gap in the study of Nigeria’s federalism viz-a-viz more calls for restructuring and or true federalism, number of units and devolution of constitutional powers, corruption, slow and discouraged development, which result in over-reliance on statutory allocations from the Centre, and intensifies struggle for resource control, although it on the other hand controversially guarantees the unity of the Nigerian state.

scholarly journals PEMERINTAHAN DAERAH DALAM SISTEM OTONOMI

Solusi ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-292
Author(s):  
Johansyah Johansyah
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Foreign Affairs ◽  
The Other ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
Regional Autonomy ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Form Of Government

Local government system has connection to regional autonomy, which has been applied in Indonesia. Then before, all systems are centralized administration, then after the implementation of regional autonomy expected the region could set its own regional government of live by optimizing the existing pontential of the region. Nevertheless, there are some things remain regulated by the central government as the country’s financial affairs, religion, foreign affairs, and others, Also, local government system actually is one form of government that is efficient and effective. Because in general, the central government may not take care of all the country’s problems are so complex. On the other hand, local governments as well as the training ground and the development of democracy in a counntry life.

scholarly journals The Struggle for Leadership of the Qatari-Turkish Alliance in Somalia

2022 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 187-200
Author(s):  
T. R. Khayrullin
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Federal Republic ◽  
Presidential Elections ◽  
Arab Spring ◽  
Central Government ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Regional Leadership ◽  
Autonomous Regions ◽  
The Arab Spring

The article examines the struggle of the Qatari- Turkish alliance for regional leadership in the Federal Republic of Somalia. The analysis revealed that the foreign policy activity of Turkey and Qatar in Somalia began during the events of the Arab Spring. Ankara and Doha used diplomatic, military and fi nancial instruments to strengthen their infl uence in the country. Moreover, Qatari money played an important role in promoting pro-qatari candidates to power during the 2012 and 2017 presidential elections. However, the eff orts of the Turkish- Qatari alliance to strengthen its position in Somalia have clashed with the interests of the Saudi- Emirati bloc seeking regional dominance. On the other hand, the inability to close the main cooperation with the central government in Somalia forced the UAE to support such autonomous regions as Somaliland, thereby intensifying the destabilization processes in the country.

scholarly journals MENILIK PERTUNJUKAN ADU DOMBA DI PRIANGAN PADA MASA KOLONIAL

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 209
Author(s):  
Budi Gustaman
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Sheep Breed ◽  
The Other ◽  
Major Event ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Other Hand

Adu domba sangat populer di Priangan, khususnya di wilayah Garut. Popularitas adu domba (Garut) tidak bisa dilepaskan dari historisitasnya. Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk mempertanyakan kemunculan domba Garut serta pertunjukan adu domba pada awal perkembangannya. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode sejarah, dengan memanfaatkan sumber berupa buku dan koran yang diproduksi pada masa kolonial. Temuan utama penelitian ini ialah kemunculan jenis domba Garut dilatarbelakangi impor domba yang diinisiasi oleh K.F. Holle untuk tujuan budidaya wol. Kawin silang domba impor dan domba lokal menghasilkan jenis domba petarung yang lazim disebut domba Garut. Pertunjukan adu domba muncul dari kebiasaan masyarakat pribumi dalam mengadu binatang, hingga berkembang menjadi hiburan yang sering diselenggarakan pada setiap event besar. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah sebagai domba petarung, domba Garut muncul dari ‘ketidaksengajaan’ hingga menjadi populer sejak akhir abad ke-19, dengan diiringi berbagai kecaman dari perspektif orang Eropa perihal esensi permainannya.      Fighting sheep is very popular in Priangan, especially in the Garut region. The popularity of fighting sheep can't be separated from the history that lies behind it. This research is intended to answer the questions about the emergence of Garut sheep and sheep fighting show at the beginning of its development. The method used in this research is the historical method by utilizing sources of books and newspapers produced during the colonial period. The main finding of this study is that the emergence of the Garut sheep breed was motivated by the import of sheep initiated by K.F. Holle for wool cultivation purposes. The crossbreeding of imported sheep and local sheep has resulted in the type of fighting sheep which is now commonly referred to as Garut sheep. The fighting sheep show itself emerged from the indigenous people's habit of fighting animals which later developed into an entertainment that was often held at every major event. The conclusion of this study is that Garut sheep as fighting sheep emerged from an 'accidental habits' and then became popular since the late 19th century. On the other hand, it has also drawn criticism from the perspective of Europeans who are concerned about the essence of the fighting sheep.

scholarly journals IMPLIKASI KEBIJAKAN POLITIK TERHADAP MANAJEMEN PERGURUAN TINGGI

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahrudin Zahrudin
Keyword(s):  
Education Policy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Legal Action ◽  
State University ◽  
Regional Autonomy ◽  
Body State ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Reformation

Abstract: Implication of Education Policy to Campus Management. After the reformation, the policy on the regional autonomy arise, including campus’s autonomy, called “State-Own Legal Body” and General Services Body. A legal body State University has a full authority in academic and non-academic matters. In Addition, it exists separate asset and person in charge working for University has the authority to make legal action. On the other hand, the General Services Body doesn’t have the authority as big as a legal body one, such as the separation of assets and flexibility in financial management.Key Words: policy, campus’s management Abstrak: Implikasi Kebijakan Politik terhadap Manajemen Perguruan Tinggi. Sejak era reformasi, berbagai kebijakan muncul mulai dari kebijakan terkait dengan otonomi daerah hingga kebijakan terkait dengan otonomi perguruan tinggi yang lebih dikenal dengan istilah Badan Hukum Milik Negara (BHMN) dan Badan Layanan Umum (BLU). Perguruan tinggi negeri yang berstatus badan hukum mempunyai wewenang penuh dalam hal akademik dan nonakademik. Selain itu, juga memiliki kekayaan yang dipisahkan serta para pengelola dapat melakukan perbuatan yang mengandung hukum. Sedangkan perguruan tinggi negeri berstatus badan layanan umum mempunyai wewenang tidak sepenuh yang dimiliki pergurun tinggi berbadan hukum. Termasuk dalam hal pemisahan kekayaan dan pengelola yang tidak memiliki hak melakukan perbuatan yang mengandung hukum. serta yang menjadi karakteristiknya adalah mempunyai fleksibilitas dan kemandirian dalam hal pengelolaan keuangan. Kata Kunci: Kebijakan Politik, Manajemen Perguruan Tinggi DOI: 10.15408/sjsbs.v2i1.2246

scholarly journals Entrepreneurship in small and medium-sized enterprises: Comparative study between Slovakia and Poland for the years 2001–2007

2008 ◽  
Vol 54 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 358-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Ubrežiová ◽  
K. Wach ◽  
J. Horváthová
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Transition Economy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Regional Structure ◽  
Main Attention ◽  
Supporting System ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Impact

The main attention of the submitted paper is devoted to the comparison of development of entrepreneurship in Slovak and Polish small and medium-sized he enterprise sector. The conditions for blooming entrepreneurship are created in the national economy. Especially the role of SMEs in the transition economy, both in Slovakia and Poland, has the impact on SMEs. The entrepreneurship of small and medium-sized enterprises is extended in the whole Slovakia. From the viewpoint of the regional structure, most enterprises are located in the Bratislavský region (30.4%), Košický region (11.8%), Žilinský region (10.1%) and Trenčianský region (10.1%). On the other hand, the least of enterprises were registered in the Nitrianský region (8.9%), Trnavský region (9.2%) and Banskobystrický region (9.6%). Small and medium entrepreneurship is diversed throughout Poland. The average small and medium entreprenership ratio is 44.5, while the highest is in the Mazowieckie region – 55.2% and the lowest in the Podkarpackie region – 30 %. The supporting system for private entrepreneurship in both countries, Slovakia and Poland, is very similar and the entrepreneurs are satisfied with its offer and help.

A Comparative Study of Embelia Schiperi and Embelia Keniensis on Blood Glucose and Triglycerides in Normal and Epinephrine- Induced Hyperglycemic Mice

1999 ◽  
Vol 27 (03n04) ◽  
pp. 365-370
Author(s):  
Atsushi Kato ◽  
Toshihiro Miura ◽  
Yumi Nishiyama ◽  
Yoko Tachibana ◽  
Yasuhiro Ohnishi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Intraperitoneal Administration ◽  
The Other ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Lowering Activity

Intraperitoneal administration of the methanol extract of Embelia schiperi (ES) to normal mice caused a significant decrease in blood glucose (p < 0.01) and a significant increase in triglycerides 4 hours after administration at 100 mg/kg (p < 0.01). The toluene fraction of Embelia keniensis methanol extract (TS) showed hypoglycemic and lipid lowering activity 7 hours after intraperitoneal administration at 100 mg/kg. In addition, TS (100 mg/kg) administration significantly decreased blood glucose in epinephrine-induced hyperglycemic mice (p < 0.01). Moreover, ES tended to increase while TS tended to decrease the blood triglycerides in epinephrine-induced hyperglycemic mice. On the other hand, no changes in blood cholesterol were observed after the administration of ES or TS in normal and epinephrine-induced hyperglycemic mice. We found that two species from Embelia, ES and TS, have different activities on blood glucose and triglycerides in normal and epinephrine-induced hyperglycemic mice.

Bibliographical Essay: The Coleccion SepSetentas

1979 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 373-389
Author(s):  
María Del Carmen Velázquez
Keyword(s):  
Historical Research ◽  
The Other ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Style Of Writing

The Coleccion SepSetentas which was published by the Departamento de Divulgación de la Secretaría de Educación Pública during the recent presidential term of Lic. Luis Echeverria (1970-1976), contains many volumes of interest to historians. However, it should be noted that of the 315 volumes, which form this Colección, some are readily identifiable as historical while there are some which were not written by historians or not written explicitly to narrate past events. In great measure this style of writing corresponds to the modern tendency (as Alejandra Moreno Toscano asserts vol. 143) to supplement historical research with the findings of anthropologists, sociologists, economists, geographers and urbanists. On the other hand, some authors in SepSetentas state that they will study human groups or anthropological problems, systems and structures, but since they use the historical method, their volumes are useful also to the historian.

scholarly journals A comparative study of using formalin in fish of Tangail and Tongi town

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 43-49
Author(s):  
Luthfunnesa Bari ◽  
M Ariful Islam ◽  
Zannatul Ferdous ◽  
M Atiqul Azman ◽  
Shahanaz Khatun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Industrial Research ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Fish Samples

Context: Recent reports of media have brought great attention to the problem of formalin used by whole sellers and venders in preserving fish. It is evident from several studies that fish items in different markets in Bangladesh are treated with formalin for preservation which is highly hazardous and carcinogenic chemical. Objectives: The study was undertaken to determine the presence of formalin in fishes collected from various wet markets of Tangail and Tongi town. Materials and Methods: From 12 selected wet markets, various species of fishes were collected and presence of formalin was detected using the “formalin detection kit in fish” developed by Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR). Results: It was found that 16 fishes were formalin contaminated out of 192 fish samples in which 0% in Santosh bazar, 11.11% in Soi ani bazar, 13.33% in Park bazar, 14.81% in Old bus stand bazar, 0% in Chara bari bazar and 12.82% in New bus stand bazar of Tangail town. On the other hand, 33 formalin contaminated fish out of 171 were obtained in which 0% in Coto bazar, 20% in Gazipura bus stand bazar, 37.5% in Chourasta bazar, 0% in Boro bari bazar, 36.36% in CheragAli bazar and 20% in Tongi bazar of Tongi town. The study indicates that almost 8.33% of fish samples in Tangail town and 19.29% of fish samples in Tongi town were formalin contaminated. Conclusion: The present study revealed that in Tangail town 75% imported fish and 25% local fishes were formalin contaminated whereas in Tongi town, 82% imported fishes and 18% local fishes were formalin contaminated. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbs.v21i0.22518 J. bio-sci. 21: 43-49, 2013

scholarly journals PEMBANGUNAN WILAYAH KEPULAUAN BERLANDASKAN POROS MARITIM DALAM PERSPEKTIF NEGARA KEPULAUAN: TANTANGAN DAN PELUANG PERIMBANGAN KEUANGAN DAERAH

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 251
Author(s):  
Dhiana Puspitawati
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Central Government ◽  
National Development ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fund Allocation ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Sea Transportation ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Legal Implication

ABSTRAKPerkembangan kelautan di Indonesia semakin berkembang dari tahun ke tahun hingga dicetuskannya konsep ‘poros maritim’ oleh Presiden Joko Widodo. Konsep ‘poros maritim’ menekankan pada terwujudnya konektifitas antar pulau melalui pengembangan industri pelayaran serta transportasi laut. Dengan demikian dibutuhkan akselerasi pembangunan pelabuhan di wilayah-wilayah kepulauan seperti maluku dan Riau. Sayangnya alokasi dana dari pusat untuk daerah masih didasarkan pada luas wilayah daratan. Hal ini menjadikan daerah dengan wilayah perairan yang lebih banyak tidak mendapatkan alokasi dana sebagaimana daerah yang mempunyai wilayah daratan yang luas. Padahal percepatan pembangunan di wilayah kepulauan sangat dibutuhkan dalam mewujudkan Indonesia sebagai ‘poros maritim’ dunia. Tulisan ini akan menganalisa tantangan dan peluang pembangunan wilayah kepulauan yang berlandaskan poros maritim dalam perspektif negara kepulauan. Pembangunan Wilayah Kepulauan sangat diperlukan untuk mewujudkan konsep Poros Maritim. Akan tetapi perlu diperhatikan mengenai perimbangan keuangan daerah dalam mewujudkan akselerasi pembangunan tersebut. Dibutuhkan pengembalian mindset masyarakat Indonesia ke kelautan serta harmonisasi aturan dan kelembagaan dalam mewujudkan ‘poros maritim’ dalam perspektif negara kepulauan yang berimplikasi pada perimbangan keuangan daerah antara daerah biasa dengan daerah yang terdiri dari kepulauan. Kata kunci: peluang; poros maritim; tantangan; wilayah kepulauanABSTRACTThe development of maritime affairs in Indonesia is growing rapidly until the inception of ‘maritime fulcrum’ by President Joko Widodo. Such concept emphasizes the establishment of inter-island connectivity through the development of shipping and sea transportation industries. Thus, the acceleration of port and facilities development in islands region such as Maluku and Riau is needed. Unfortunately, fund allocation from the central government to region areas is still based on how large the land areas of certain region. This makes island regions have less fund allocation than those of regions with large areas of land. While, on the other hand, the establishment of ‘maritime fulcrum’ concept is largely depends on the acceleration of national development in island regions. This paper aims to analyze challenges and opportunities in developing island regions based on ‘maritime fulcrum’ concept within the perspectives of archipelagic state principles. National development in island regions of Indonesia is important to support the establishment of ‘maritime fulcrum’, however, the usage of the term ‘archipelagic’ should also carefully consider legal implication of the term ‘archipelago’ according to International Law. Restoration of Indonesian people’s orientation to the ocean is crucial. In addition to this, the harmonization of related legal instruments as well as institutional arrengement, especially focusing on balancing reginal funding is also urgent.Keywords: challenges; island regions; maritime fulcrum; opportunities

scholarly journals معايير التأثر والتأثير بين رواية زينب وفريدة هانم: دراسة مقارنة (The Criteria of Influence and Effect between the Novel of Zainab and Faridah Hanum: A Comparative Study)

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
روسني بن سامة (Rosni Bin Samah)
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
The Other ◽  
Creative Work ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Status ◽  
Literary Circles

ملخص البحث:تعد رواية فريدة هانم الماليزية أول رواية فنية في الأدب الماليزي الحديث، حيث اتفق الأدباء والباحثون على ذلك، ولكنهم اختلفوا في أصليتها الإبداعية لوجود تصوير البيئة المصرية لأحداثها. ومن جهة أخرى عاش البطل في الرواية من بدايتها حتى نهايتها في القاهرة، ومنهم من رأى بأنها رواية مترجمة من الرواية العربية، ومن منهم من رأى بأنها رواية إبداعية ابتدعها الراوي بتصوير البيئة المصرية. وتهدف هذه الدراسة إلى الكشف عن حقيقة أمرها بتجلية معايير تأثرها برواية زينب، حيث قام الباحث بالمقارنة بين الروايتين، وتوصلت النتائج إلى أن رواية فريدة هانم الماليزية تأثرت برواية زينب المصرية ولكن راويها لا يترجم تلك الرواية بل قام بالاطلاع عليها ثم صاغها بصياغته الجديدة مع رعاية البيئة المصرية وعاء لها.الكلمات المفتاحية: رواية هانم المصرية- رواي هانم الماليزية- معاير الرواية -المقارنة- التشابه.Abstract:Faridah Hanum is regarded as the first  Malay novel in Modern Malay Literature by the literary circles and researchers but they are in disagreement on the originality of its creativity features since its setting is Egyptian. On the other hand, its hero lived in Cairo from the beginning of the story until the end. Some of them viewed that it is a translated version of an Arabic novel while others still see it as a creative work with an Egyptian background. This study aims at discovering the truth about the status of the novel through pointing out the influences of the Arabic novel “Zainab” on it. This is done through comparing between the two novels. It is concluded that the Malay novel “Faridah Hanum” indeed had been influenced by “Zainab”, but it is not a translation but rather the writer happened to have read the Zainab novel but later on tried to put the story in  a new plot though he did retain the Egytian background as the setting.Keywords: Hanum Egyptian Novel–  Hanim the Malaysian novelist– Standards of Novel – Comparison– Similarities.Abstrak:Faridah Hanum dianggap sebagai novel Melayu pertama dalam kesusasteraan Melayu moden oleh kumpulan sasterawan dan penyelidik-penyelidik namun mereka masih lagi berada dalam percanggahan tentang keasliannya kerana persekitarannya yang berlatarkan sebuah negara asing: Mesir kerana wiranya tinggal di Kaherah dari permulaan cerita sehinggalah ke penghujungnya. Sebahagian dar mereka melihat yang ia adalah satu terjemahan satu novel Arab manakala yang lain masih menyaksikan ia adala satu hasil kerja kreatif dengan hanya menggunakan latar belakang Mesir. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan beberapa fakta tentang status novel tersebut dengan melihat kepada pengaruh-pengaruh novel Arab “Zainab”  yang terdapat padanya. Ini dilaksanakan melalui perbandingan antara dua novel tersebut. Kesimpulannya, novel Melayu “Faridah Hanum” sememangnya telah dipengaruhi oleh “Zainab”, namun ia bukan satu terjemahan tetapi penulis telah berpeluang  membaca novel Zainab dan kemudiannya cuba untuk meletakkan cerita dalam satu plot baru walaupun dia mengekalkan latar belakang Mesir sebagai persekitaran ceritanya.Kata kunci: Orang Mesir– Hanum– Hanim novelis Malaysia– Piawaian Novel– Persamaan-persamaan– Perbandingan.

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