CLINICAL AND HEMODYNAMIC EFFICACY OF CHOLINE ALFOSCERATE IN ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION AND HYPERTENSIVE ENCEPHALOPATHY

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 23-27
Author(s):  
G.M. Tulaboeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Cholinergic Neurons ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Hypertensive Encephalopathy ◽  
Brain Lesions ◽  
Chronic Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Cerebrovascular Accidents ◽  
Neuronal Membranes ◽  
The Brain

Arterial hypertension (AH)is currently considered the most significant risk factor for the development of not only acute cerebrovascular accidents and chronic cerebral ischemia, but also disorders of memory and other cognitive (cognitive) functions. Numerous studies have proven the connection between persistent increase in blood pressure (BP) and the risk of the onset and progression of cognitive impairment. The positive dynamics on the part of clinical and hemodynamicparameters is explained by the fact that gliatilin improves thetransmission of nerve impulses in cholinergic neurons; positively affects the plasticity of neuronal membranes and receptor function. Gliatilin improves cerebral blood flow, enhances metabolic processes in the brain, activates the structures of the reticular formation of the brain and restores consciousness in traumatic brain lesions.

Abstract TMP82: Increased Intracerebral Hemorrhage During Acute and Chronic Hypertension in Alzheimer's Transgenic Mice

Stroke ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
David H Cribbs ◽  
Giselle Passos ◽  
Vitaly Vasilevko
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Transgenic Mice ◽  
Intracerebral Hemorrhage ◽  
Amyloid Precursor Protein ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Chronic Hypertension ◽  
Cerebrovascular System ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Tg2576 Mice

Hypertension is a major risk factor for intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), and the accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) in the cerebrovascular system, cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), is also a significant risk factor for intracerebral hemorrhage ICH. Currently, there are no animal studies demonstrating a direct involvement of hypertension in the accumulation of Alzheimer’s disease-like pathology. To address this issue we have developed several mouse models that combine hypertension protocols with amyloid precursor protein (APP) transgenic mice (Tg2576), which accumulate significant CAA in the large cerebral vessels and the meninges by 18 months of age. The goal of this study was to determine the effect of acute and chronic hypertension on ICH in wildtype and a transgenic mouse model overexpressing a mutant human amyloid precursor protein (Tg2576 mice) associated with early onset AD and CAA. Fifteen-month-old Tg2576 mice and non-transgenic (nTg) littermates were treated with an angiotensin II (AngII) infusion (1000 ng/kg/min) and L-NAME (100 mg/kg/day) in drinking water to produce chronic hypertension. One week later, transient acute hypertension was induced by daily AngII injections (0.5 μg/g, s.c., twice daily) to produce ICH. A similar increase in mean blood pressure was observed in Tg2576 and nTg mice when evaluated 2 weeks after initiation of treatment. However Tg2576 mice had a higher incidence of signs of stroke compared with nTg littermates (P > 0.05). These data suggest that the accumulation of Aβ in the brain has an important role in development of ICH. Moreover, there was robust glial activation and increase in CAA in the gray matter of Tg2576 mice showing that hypertension may affect gray as well as white matter in the brain. Further studies may provide insights into the hypertension-induced changes in the cerebral vascular system that initiated the increase in CAA. The accumulation of Aβ in the cerebrovascular system is a significant risk factor for intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), and has been linked to endothelial transport failure and blockage of perivascular drainage. While management of hypertension and atherosclerosis can reduce the incidence of ICH, there are currently no approved therapies for attenuating CAA.

scholarly journals Association of Mild Kidney Dysfunction with Silent Brain Lesions in Neurologically Normal Subjects

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Genya Toyoda ◽  
Hirokazu Bokura ◽  
Shingo Mitaki ◽  
Keiichi Onoda ◽  
Hiroaki Oguro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Infarction ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Subcortical White Matter ◽  
Brain Lesions ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Neurologically Normal

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been closely associated with stroke. Although a large number of studies reported the relationship between CKD and different types of asymptomatic brain lesions, few comprehensive analyses have been performed for all types of silent brain lesions. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study involving 1,937 neurologically normal subjects (mean age 59.4 years). Mild CKD was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate between 30 and 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 or positive proteinuria. Results: The prevalence of mild CKD was 8.7%. Univariate analysis revealed an association between CKD and all silent brain lesions, including silent brain infarction, periventricular hyperintensity, subcortical white matter lesion, and microbleeds, in addition to hypertension and diabetes mellitus after adjusting for age and sex. In binary logistic regression analysis, the presence of CKD was a significant risk factor for all types of silent brain lesions, independent of other risk factors. Conclusions: These results suggest that mild CKD is independently associated with all types of silent brain lesions, even in neurologically normal subjects.

scholarly journals The Biology and Pathobiology of Glutamatergic, Cholinergic, and Dopaminergic Signaling in the Aging Brain

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Gasiorowska ◽  
Malgorzata Wydrych ◽  
Patrycja Drapich ◽  
Maciej Zadrozny ◽  
Marta Steczkowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Aging Brain ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Parkinson’S Diseases ◽  
The Brain

The elderly population is growing worldwide, with important health and socioeconomic implications. Clinical and experimental studies on aging have uncovered numerous changes in the brain, such as decreased neurogenesis, increased synaptic defects, greater metabolic stress, and enhanced inflammation. These changes are associated with cognitive decline and neurobehavioral deficits. Although aging is not a disease, it is a significant risk factor for functional worsening, affective impairment, disease exaggeration, dementia, and general disease susceptibility. Conversely, life events related to mental stress and trauma can also lead to accelerated age-associated disorders and dementia. Here, we review human studies and studies on mice and rats, such as those modeling human neurodegenerative diseases, that have helped elucidate (1) the dynamics and mechanisms underlying the biological and pathological aging of the main projecting systems in the brain (glutamatergic, cholinergic, and dopaminergic) and (2) the effect of defective glutamatergic, cholinergic, and dopaminergic projection on disabilities associated with aging and neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. Detailed knowledge of the mechanisms of age-related diseases can be an important element in the development of effective ways of treatment. In this context, we briefly analyze which adverse changes associated with neurodegenerative diseases in the cholinergic, glutaminergic and dopaminergic systems could be targeted by therapeutic strategies developed as a result of our better understanding of these damaging mechanisms.

scholarly journals Neprilysin: A Potential Therapeutic Target of Arterial Hypertension?

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Salazar ◽  
Joselyn Rojas-Quintero ◽  
Clímaco Cano ◽  
José L. Pérez ◽  
Paola Ramírez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Pharmacology ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Clinical Syndrome ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Neprilysin Inhibitor

Arterial hypertension is the most prevalent chronic disease in the adult population of developed countries and it constitutes a significant risk factor in the development of cardiovascular disease, contributing to the emergence of many comorbidities, among which heart failure excels, a clinical syndrome that nowadays represents a major health problem with uncountable hospitalizations and the indolent course of which progressively worsens until quality of life decreases and lastly death occurs prematurely. In the light of this growing menace, each day more efforts are invested in the field of cardiovascular pharmacology, searching for new therapeutic options that allow us to modulate the physiological systems that appear among these pathologies. Therefore, in the later years, the study of natriuretic peptides has become so relevant, which mediate beneficial effects at the cardiovascular level such as diuresis, natriuresis, and decreasing cardiac remodeling; their metabolism is mediated by neprilysin, a metalloproteinase, widely expressed in the human and capable of catalyzing many substrates. The modulation of these functions has been studied by decades, giving room to Sacubitril, the first neprilysin inhibitor, which in conjunction with an angiotensin receptor blocker has provided a high efficacy and tolerability among patients with heart failure, for whom it has already been approved and recommended. Nonetheless, in the matter of arterial hypertension, significant findings have arisen that demonstrate the potential role that it will play among the pharmacological alternatives in the upcoming years.

scholarly journals Chronic Brain Ischemia: From Risk Factors to Cerebrovascular Complications

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Yusupov ◽  
Sh. Nurmatov ◽  
N. Abdykalykova ◽  
A. Yuldashev ◽  
M. Abdykadyrov
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Brain Ischemia ◽  
Chronic Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Cerebrovascular Complications ◽  
Cerebral Blood Supply ◽  
Chronic Brain Ischemia ◽  
The Brain

Chronic cerebral ischemia is a polyetiological, chronic progressive dysfunction of the brain caused by diffuse and / or small focal damage to the brain tissue in conditions of prolonged insufficiency of cerebral blood supply. The review reflects the current understanding of chronic cerebral ischemia. The main pathogenetic mechanisms of the onset of chronic cerebral ischemia in patients with arterial hypertension, atherosclerosis and smoking are outlined.

CHANGES IN THE FUNCTIONAL STATE OF THE BRAIN IN THE EARLY STAGES OF CHRONIC CEREBRAL ISCHEMIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-69
Author(s):  
Baxtiyor Gafurov ◽  
◽  
Muxsina Xayrieva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Functional State ◽  
Functional Tests ◽  
Chronic Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Need For Treatment ◽  
Functional Capabilities ◽  
Adaptive Mechanisms ◽  
Eeg Changes ◽  
The Brain

Clinical and electro physiological examination of patients with chronic cerebral ischemia (CHEM) due to arterial hypertension was carried out. The main neuropsychiatric syndromes were identified: asthenic, neurotic and cephalgic. The functional state of the brain was evaluated by electroencephalography (EEG). EEG changes, especially during functional tests,indicated the inclusion of adaptive mechanisms that support the functional capabilities of the brain in conditions of formation of chronic cerebral ischemia and the need for treatment and preventive measures.Key words:chronic cerebralischemia, arterial hypertension,electroencephalography

scholarly journals The Impact of Compulsive Ethanol Consumption on Gut and Brain Neurochemicals (P14-003-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ella Bauer ◽  
Allyse Shoeman ◽  
Karrie Daniels ◽  
Mark Lyte ◽  
Peter Clark
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Abuse ◽  
Binge Drinking ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ethanol Consumption ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Drinking In The Dark ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Objectives Binge drinking is a significant problem costing the United States 191 billion dollars annually and is also a significant risk factor for many dietary (e.g., diabetes) and neurodegenerative diseases (e.g., Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease). Interestingly, the gut-brain axis has been implicated in the development of neurodegenerative and dietary-related diseases, thus, may mediate the harmful consequences of alcohol abuse on the brain and body. However, the mechanisms are not well understood. We hypothesize that compulsive ethanol consumption will alter the expression of neurochemicals in the mouse gut in a manner that will be correlated to changes in the expression of brain neurochemicals. Methods We examined catecholamines and structurally similar metabolites following repeated bouts of “Drinking in the Dark”- a mouse model of compulsive alcohol-seeking during which mice reliably reach blood ethanol concentrations greater than 100 mg/dL. Adult female and male C57BL/6 J mice received access to either 20% ethanol (n = 12 male, n = 12 female) or water (n = 12 male, n = 12 female) for a two-hour period during the dark cycle over three consecutive days. On the fourth day, mice received access to ethanol or water for four hours, and samples of the intestine, intestinal contents, liver, and brain subregions were analyzed for tissue-specific neurochemical concentrations using UHPLC. Results Ethanol consumption data indicate that binge-drinking female mice consume 36% more ethanol than female water controls and consume 32% more ethanol than binge-drinking male mice on day 4 of the “Drinking in the Dark” protocol. Preliminary neurochemical data indicate compulsive ethanol drinking contributes to trending increases in norepinephrine (17% striatum; 18% hypothalamus) in males whereas females have trending decreases in striatal L-DOPA (15%), 5-HIAA (14%), and 27% more hypothalamic L-DOPA and 5-HIAA when compared with water controls. Conclusions Binge drinking may contribute to region- and sex-specific neurochemical differences in the brain, thus, further neurochemical analyses on the gut could provide insight into the etiology of neurodegenerative and dietary diseases following alcohol abuse. Funding Sources Supported from Iowa State University start-up funds.

scholarly journals Inflammaging and Brain: Curcumin and Its Beneficial Potential as Regulator of Microglia Activation

Molecules ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 341
Author(s):  
Antonia Cianciulli ◽  
Rosa Calvello ◽  
Melania Ruggiero ◽  
Maria Antonietta Panaro
Keyword(s):  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Brain Ageing ◽  
The Brain

Inflammaging is a term used to describe the tight relationship between low-grade chronic inflammation and aging that occurs during physiological aging in the absence of evident infection. This condition has been linked to a broad spectrum of age-related disorders in various organs including the brain. Inflammaging represents a highly significant risk factor for the development and progression of age-related conditions, including neurodegenerative diseases which are characterized by the progressive dysfunction and degeneration of neurons in the brain and peripheral nervous system. Curcumin is a widely studied polyphenol isolated from Curcuma longa with a variety of pharmacologic properties. It is well-known for its healing properties and has been extensively used in Asian medicine to treat a variety of illness conditions. The number of studies that suggest beneficial effects of curcumin on brain pathologies and age-related diseases is increasing. Curcumin is able to inhibit the formation of reactive-oxygen species and other pro-inflammatory mediators that are believed to play a pivotal role in many age-related diseases. Curcumin has been recently proposed as a potential useful remedy against neurodegenerative disorders and brain ageing. In light of this, our current review aims to discuss the potential positive effects of Curcumin on the possibility to control inflammaging emphasizing the possible modulation of inflammaging processes in neurodegenerative diseases.

Physical Illness and Suicide Risk in Rural Residents of Contemporary China

Crisis ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 330-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cun-Xian Jia ◽  
Lin-Lin Wang ◽  
Ai-Qiang Xu ◽  
Ai-Ying Dai ◽  
Ping Qin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Physical Illness ◽  
Rural Residents ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Study Population

Background: Physical illness is linked with an increased risk of suicide; however, evidence from China is limited. Aims: To assess the influence of physical illness on risk of suicide among rural residents of China, and to examine the differences in the characteristics of people completing suicide with physical illness from those without physical illness. Method: In all, 200 suicide cases and 200 control subjects, 1:1 pair-matched on sex and age, were included from 25 townships of three randomly selected counties in Shandong Province, China. One informant for each suicide or control subject was interviewed to collect data on the physical health condition and psychological and sociodemographic status. Results: The prevalence of physical illness in suicide cases (63.0%) was significantly higher than that in paired controls (41.0%; χ2 = 19.39, p < .001). Compared with suicide cases without physical illness, people who were physically ill and completed suicide were generally older, less educated, had lower family income, and reported a mental disorder less often. Physical illness denoted a significant risk factor for suicide with an associated odds ratio of 3.23 (95% CI: 1.85–5.62) after adjusted for important covariates. The elevated risk of suicide increased progressively with the number of comorbid illnesses. Cancer, stroke, and a group of illnesses comprising dementia, hemiplegia, and encephalatrophy had a particularly strong effect among the commonly reported diagnoses in this study population. Conclusion: Physical illness is an important risk factor for suicide in rural residents of China. Efforts for suicide prevention are needed and should be integrated with national strategies of health care in rural China.

Assessment of risk factors for multifocal atherosclerosis in the workers of the main professions of coal enterprises in the South of Kuzbass

2020 ◽  
pp. 157-161
Author(s):  
E. S. Filimonov ◽  
O. Yu. Korotenko ◽  
O. A. Rumpel ◽  
O. N. Blazhina
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Glycated Hemoglobin ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Coal Industry ◽  
Atherosclerotic Plaques ◽  
The South ◽  
Coal Miners ◽  
Coal Enterprises

Introduction. The problem of high mortality from cardiovascular diseases is caused, among other things, by asymptomatic atherosclerosis, which proceeds latently for a long time and manifests itself as a serious vascular catastrophe, which is of particular importance for people working at production facilities with difficult and dangerous working conditions.The aim of the study was to assess the risk factors for atherosclerosis and the state of the vascular wall in the workers of the main professions of coal enterprises in the South of Kuzbass.Material and methods. In total, the study included 384 people (men), of whom 266 were the workers in coal mines in the South of Kuzbass and 118 people who were not employed in the coal industry, aged 40 to 55 years. The diagnosis of atherosclerosis was carried out on the ultrasound system “Vivid E9” of the manufacturing company GE using a linear sensor for measuring the thickness of the intima-media complex and visualization of atherosclerotic plaques. To identify significant risk factors, anthropometric, anamnestic data, indices of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, and the presence of arterial hypertension were studied.Results. Significant differences in the frequency of asymptomatic atherosclerosis in the form of an increase in intima-media thickness by more than 1 mm and / or the presence of atherosclerotic plaques in both groups were not found: 60.2% among the miners and 62.3% among non-coal mining workers (p=0.703); at the same time, the percentage of detection of atherosclerotic plaques in arteries was significantly lower among coal workers — 46.9% versus 60.5% among people in the comparison group (p=0.016). The common risk factors for all examined subjects were arterial hypertension and increased level of glycated hemoglobin; in turn, in coal miners additional risk factors were increased values of low density lipoproteins and waist-hip index, as well as burdened heredity for cardiovascular diseases, and among the individuals not employed in the coal industry it was smoking.Conclusions. The most significant risk factors for atherosclerosis in coal industry workers were arterial hypertension, raised values of glycated hemoglobin, low density lipoproteins and waist-hip index, as well as burdened heredity for cardiovascular diseases. Significant differences in the frequency of asymptomatic atherosclerosis in the form of an increase in the thickness of the intima-media complex of the main arteries and the presence of atherosclerotic plaques in both groups were not established, but the percentage of the detection of atherosclerotic plaques was lower among coal miners.The authors declare no conflict of interests.

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