scholarly journals EEGW: AN ENERGY-EFFICIENT GREY WOLF ROUTING PROTOCOL FOR FANETS

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahzad Hameed
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Transmission Loss ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Weak Links ◽  
Grey Wolf Optimizer ◽  
Network Partitioning ◽  
Grey Wolf ◽  
Energy Efficient Routing

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) or flying drones are employing to retrieve data from their respective sources and help to accomplish Flying Ad hoc Networks (FANETs). These wireless networks deal with challenges and difficulties such as power consumption, packet losses, and weak links between the nodes. This is due to the high mobility of nodes, frequent network partitioning, and uncertain flying movement of the flying drones. Consequently, reduce the reliability of data delivery. Moreover, unbalanced energy consumption results in an earlier failure of flying drone and accelerate the decrease of network life. The performance of FANETs depends on the capabilities of energy consumption of each flying drone. They are expected to live for a longer period to manage the cost overhead. Energy-efficient routing is an important factor that helps in improving the lifetime of FANETs. In this research, we propose an Energy-Efficient Grey Wolf (EEGW) routing protocol for FANETs. This protocol is comprised of Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) inspired by the leadership hierarchy of grey wolves. It helps in minimizing the energy consumption, packet loss ratio, and aerial transmission loss incurred during transmission.

scholarly journals EERP-DPM: Energy Efficient Routing Protocol Using Dual Prediction Model for Healthcare Using IoT

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Faris A. Almalki ◽  
Soufiene Ben Othman ◽  
Fahad A. Almalki ◽  
Hedi Sakli
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Prediction Model ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Temporal Correlation ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Energy Efficient Routing ◽  
Battery Lifetime ◽  
Redundant Data

Healthcare is one of the most promising domains for the application of Internet of Things- (IoT-) based technologies, where patients can use wearable or implanted medical sensors to measure medical parameters anywhere and anytime. The information collected by IoT devices can then be sent to the health care professionals, and physicians allow having a real-time access to patients’ data. However, besides limited batteries lifetime and computational power, there is spatio-temporal correlation, where unnecessary transmission of these redundant data has a significant impact on reducing energy consumption and reducing battery lifetime. Thus, this paper aims to propose a routing protocol to enhance energy-efficiency, which in turn prolongs the sensor lifetime. The proposed work is based on Energy Efficient Routing Protocol using Dual Prediction Model (EERP-DPM) for Healthcare using IoT, where Dual-Prediction Mechanism is used to reduce data transmission between sensor nodes and medical server if predictions match the readings or if the data are considered critical if it goes beyond the upper/lower limits of defined thresholds. The proposed system was developed and tested using MATLAB software and a hardware platform called “MySignals HW V2.” Both simulation and experimental results confirm that the proposed EERP-DPM protocol has been observed to be extremely successful compared to other existing routing protocols not only in terms of energy consumption and network lifetime but also in terms of guaranteeing reliability, throughput, and end-to-end delay.

Energy-Efficient Routing Protocol on Mobile Sink in Wireless Sensor Network

2013 ◽  
Vol 787 ◽  
pp. 1050-1055 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Gui Lin ◽  
Hui Qi Zhang ◽  
Xu Yang Wang ◽  
Fang Qin Yao ◽  
Zhen Xing Chen
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Model Simulation ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Mobile Sink ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Residual Energy ◽  
Energy Efficient Routing ◽  
Simulation Results

To the disadvantages, such as high energy consumption and the energy consumption imbalance, we proposed an energy-efficient routing protocol on mobile sink (MSEERP) in this paper. In the MSEERP, the network is divided into several square virtual grids based on GAF, each grid is called a cluster, and the cluster head election method of GAF is improved. In addition, the MSEERP introduces a mobile sink in the network, the sink radios in limited number of hops and uses control moving strategy, namely the sink does not collect the information until it moves to a cluster with highest residual energy. We applied NS2 to evaluate its performance and analyze the simulation results by the energy model. Simulation results show that the MSEERP balances the energy consumption of the network, saves nodes energy and extends the network lifetime.

scholarly journals Fireflies Ant Optimized Reliable Quality Awareness Energy Efficient Routing Protocol for Managing Quality of Medical Data in Wireless Body Networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 5007-5012
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Medical Data ◽  
Energy Efficient Routing ◽  
Packet Delivery ◽  
End To End Delay ◽  
End To End ◽  
Quality Awareness

The wireless body area network is one of effective wearable devices that have been used in medical applications for collecting patient information to providing the treatment incorrect time for avoiding seriousness. The collected data’s such as blood pressure, air flow, temperature, electromagnetic information is transmitted to the health care center via the wireless technology, which reduces the difficulties also helps to provide the immediate treatment. During the information transmission, the main issues are Quality of Service (QoS), low packet delivery, high energy consumption and end to end delay. So, in this paper introduces the Fireflies Ant Optimized, Reliable Quality Awareness, Energy Efficient Routing Protocol ((FAORQEER) for maintaining the quality of the recorded medical data. The network examines the optimal path by using the characteristics of fireflies and the network life time and energy of the network is managed by introducing an energy efficient method. The process then evaluates efficiency with test results about energy consumption, packet delivery ratio, end to end delay and QoS metric associated constraints.

scholarly journals Enhancing Energy Efficiency of Wireless Sensor Network through the Design of Energy Efficient Routing Protocol

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noor Zaman ◽  
Low Tang Jung ◽  
Muhammad Mehboob Yasin
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Wireless Sensor Network ◽  
Sensor Network ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Cross Layer Design ◽  
Energy Efficient Routing ◽  
Overall Performance

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is known to be a highly resource constrained class of network where energy consumption is one of the prime concerns. In this research, a cross layer design methodology was adopted to design an energy efficient routing protocol entitled “Position Responsive Routing Protocol” (PRRP). PRRP is designed to minimize energy consumed in each node by (1) reducing the amount of time in which a sensor node is in an idle listening state and (2) reducing the average communication distance over the network. The performance of the proposed PRRP was critically evaluated in the context of network lifetime, throughput, and energy consumption of the network per individual basis and per data packet basis. The research results were analyzed and benchmarked against the well-known LEACH and CELRP protocols. The outcomes show a significant improvement in the WSN in terms of energy efficiency and the overall performance of WSN.

scholarly journals A history-based energy-efficient routing protocol for opportunistic networks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khuram Khalid
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Opportunistic Networks ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Opportunistic Network ◽  
Energy Aware ◽  
Energy Efficient Routing ◽  
One Simulator ◽  
Overhead Ratio

In this thesis, a history-based energy-efficient routing protocol (called AEHBPR) for opportunistic networks (OppNets) is proposed, which saves the energy consumption by avoiding unnecessary packets transmission in the network and by clearing the buffer of nodes carrying the copies of the already delivered packets. The proposed AEHBPR protocol is evaluated using the Opportunistic NEtwork (ONE) simulator with both synthetic and real mobility traces, showing a superior performance compared to the History-Based Prediction for Routing (HBPR) protocol and AEProphet, in terms of average remaining energy, number of dead nodes, number of delivered messages, and overhead ratio, where AEProphet is the ProPHet routing protocol for OppNets on which the same energy-aware mechanism has been implemented.

scholarly journals Novel Vector based Forwarding Protocol and Efficient Depth based Routing Protocol Acoustic Underwater Wireless Sensor

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Thiagarajan ◽  
V. Balajivijayan ◽  
R. Krishnamoorthy ◽  
I. Mohan
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Wireless Sensor Network ◽  
Sensor Network ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Energy Efficient Routing ◽  
Acoustic Channel

Abstract Underwater Wireless Sensor Network offers broad coverage of low data rate acoustic sensor networks, scalability and energy saving routing protocols. Moreover the major problem in underwater networks is energy consumption, which arises due to lower bandwidth and propagation delays. An underwater wireless sensor network frequently employs acoustic channel communications since radio signals not worked in deep water. The transmission of data packets and energy-efficient routing are constraints for the unique characteristics of underwater. The challenging issue is an efficient routing protocol for UWSNs. Routing protocols take advantage of localization sensor nodes. Many routing protocols have been proposed for sensing nodes through a localization process. Here we proposed a Novel vector-based forwarding and efficient depth-based routing protocol. The proposed novel vector-based forwarding provides robust, scalable, and energy-efficient routing. It easily transfers nodes from source to destination. It adopts the localized and distributed alternation that allows nodes to weigh transferring packets and decreases energy consumption and provides better optimal paths. Efficient depth-based routing is a stochastic model that will succeed in a high transmission loss of the acoustic channel. The simulation was used to compare the energy consumption, network lifetime in the form of depth-based routing, delivery ratio, and vector-based forwarding to prove the optimal route finding paths and data transmission propagation delay.

scholarly journals Avant-Grade framework Routing Optimization Based on Established Network Lifetime and Energy Management in WSN

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kumar V ◽  
N Jayapandian ◽  
P Balasubramanie
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Network Lifetime ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Network Routing ◽  
Cross Layer ◽  
Cross Layer Design ◽  
Energy Efficient Routing ◽  
Routing Optimization ◽  
Overall Performance

Abstract Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is known to be a highly resource constrained class of network where energy consumption is one of the prime concerns. The existing system of LTDC has more drawbacks in network routing optimization lifetime and energy level improvement needed. In this research, a cross layer design methodology was adopted to design an energy efficient routing protocol entitled Avant-Grade framework Routing Optimization [AGFRO]. AGFRO is designed to minimize energy consumed in each node by reducing the amount of time in which a sensor node is in an idle listening state and reducing the average communication distance over the network. The performance of the proposed system has been critically evaluated in the context of network lifetime, throughput, and energy consumption of the network per individual basis and per data packet basis. The research results were analyzed and benchmarked against the well-known AGFRO protocols. The outcomes show a significant improvement in the WSN in terms of energy efficiency and the overall performance of WSN.

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