KNOWLEDGE ABOUT TUBERCULOSIS INFECTION IN WOMEN OF THE PERM REGION

2021 ◽  
pp. 30-35
Author(s):  
Furina E.V. ◽  
Shurygin A.A.
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Mantoux Test ◽  
Clear Trend ◽  
Bcg Vaccination ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Restrictive Measures ◽  
Perm Region ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

In the conditions of an unfavorable epidemiological situation for tuberculosis in the Perm Region, there was a decrease in the coverage of preventive examinations for tuberculosis in 2020 due to restrictive measures related to the pandemic of a new coronavirus infection. One in five mothers of those who were not vaccinated with the BCG vaccine refused to carry it out. In order to study the knowledge about tuberculosis among women of the Perm Region, a survey was conducted of 108 residents of the Perm Region in 2019, 135 women in 2021 and 22 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in 2021. The average age of the respondents was 40.2 years in 2019 and 37.8 years in 2021, among patients with pulmonary tuberculosis - 39.6 years. There is a fairly good knowledge about tuberculosis, about the need for an annual examination by Mantoux test methods, fluorography. Knowledge about the safety of BCG vaccination in the Perm Region among respondents increased from 2019 to 2021, as well as knowledge about the properties of the vaccine, allowed to reduce the negative opinion about it. From 2019 to 2021, there is a clear trend of increasing knowledge about the safety of the Mantoux sample. Despite the knowledge about fluorography, every fifth fluorography has not been performed for 2 or more years. The study allowed us to draw conclusions about the need to strengthen measures aimed at prevention, treatment and propaganda.

scholarly journals Mantoux test results and BCG vaccination status in TB-exposed children

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Fadilah Harahap ◽  
Ridwan M. Daulay ◽  
Muhammad Ali ◽  
Wisman Dalimunthe ◽  
Rini Savitri Daulay
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Household Contact ◽  
Mantoux Test ◽  
Skin Tests ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Time Duration ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
Bcg Vaccination

Background Tuberculosis (TB) infection is highly prevalent in Indonesia. The source of transmission of TB to a child is usually via an adult with sputum smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis. The Mantoux test is a diagnostic tool for tuberculosis infection. The BCG vaccine has been used for the prevention of TB, but its efficacy is still debated. Objective To assess for an association between Mantoux test results and BCG vaccination in children who had contact with adult pulmonary tuberculosis and to assess for differences in Mantoux test induration with regards to nutritional status, age, type of TB contact, and time duration since BCG vaccination in BCG-vaccinated and BCG-unvaccinated children. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in FebruaryMarch 2011 on infants and children (aged 3 months to five years), who had household contact with adult pulmonary TB. We performed tuberculin (Mantoux) skin tests to detect TB infection in the children. Subjects were consisted of two groups: BCG-vaccinated and BCG-unvaccinated. Results Subjects were 100 children (50 BCG-vaccinated and 50 BCG-unvaccinated subjects). Positive Mantoux test results were observed in 9 vaccinated subjects and 33 unvaccinated subjects. The mean diameters of induration in the vaccinated and unvaccinated groups were 7.6 mm and 9.6 mm, respectively (95%CI of difference -4.25 to 0.20; P=0.074). In children who had household contact with sputum smear-positive adult pulmonary TB, BCG vaccination was a protective factor against TB infection, with an odds ratio (OR) of 0.113 (95%CI 0.045 to 0.286; P=0.0001). There were no significant differences in Mantoux test induration associated with nutritional status, age, type of TB contact, and duration since BCG vaccination, between the two groups. Conclusion BCG vaccination has a protective effect on TBexposed children, based on Mantoux test results. However, there are no differences in Mantoux test induration associated with nutritional status, age, type of TB contact, or duration since BCG vaccination, between the BCG-vaccinated and BCGunvaccinated groups.

scholarly journals Epidemiological Situation on COVID-19 in Irkutsk Region and Forecast for its Spread

2021 ◽  
pp. 34-40
Author(s):  
S. V. Balakhonov ◽  
M. V. Chesnokova ◽  
A. N. Perezhogin ◽  
A. Ya. Nikitin ◽  
S. V. Kaverzina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Stationary Time Series ◽  
Social Characteristics ◽  
Epidemic Process ◽  
Irkutsk Region ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Restrictive Measures ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

Assessment of a particular territory by its epidemiological significance is very relevant in the light of widespread occurrence of new coronavirus infection, COVID-19, in the Russian Federation.Objective. Detection of the epidemiological features and revealing trends in the epidemic process of new coronavirus infection in the Irkutsk Region and forecasting of its spread.Materials and methods. An operational analysis of the epidemiological situation on COVID-19 in the Irkutsk Region as of August 16, 2020 was performed. Restrictive measures were substantiated based on the calculation of the infection spread rate (Rt).Results and discussion. Irkutsk Region remained one of the adverse territories as regards human COVID-19 incidence in the Siberian Federal District and the Russian Federation as of August 16, 2020. The gradual dynamics of the epidemic process was revealed: at the first stage of the epidemic development it was facilitated by the imported cases from affected countries and regions of the Russian Federation, and subsequently by local transmission. The incidence increase was registered 2 months later than in central regions of the Russian Federation. Currently there is a consistent downward trend. The increase in the cases prevailed among rotation workers staying for shift and seasonal activities in the administrative center and northern districts of the Irkutsk Region. The epidemic pattern was determined by gender, age and social characteristics. It is demonstrated that the risk of the new coronavirus infection is determined by the intensity of contacts in family foci, the spread of infection in medical organizations and a significant proportion of asymptomatic carriers. High lethality rates (0.7 %) and mortality rates (31.1 o / oooo) were established among persons over 65 years. The stationary time series observed since June for changing the Rt-indicator with fluctuations ranging from 0.92 to 1.01 requires maintaining control of restrictive measures with prompt management decisions making based on the evolving epidemiological situation in the Irkutsk Region and taking into account the assessment of its possible complication risks. 

scholarly journals A Measure of Transmission of Tuberculosis Infection among Children in Household Contact

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-37
Author(s):  
K.R. Sharma ◽  
N.K. Bhatta ◽  
S.R. Niraula ◽  
R. Gurung ◽  
P.K. Pokharel
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Preventive Treatment ◽  
Household Contact ◽  
Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Mantoux Test ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
Under Five ◽  
National Tuberculosis

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is transmitted through droplets from patients having pulmonary TB, Young children living in the same household are at higher risk Tuberculosis, with great potential to benefit from screening and preventive treatment. This study was conducted with the objectives to estimate the prevalence of TB infection among under five years old children in household contact with pulmonary tuberculosis patients, and assess the factors associated with transmission of TB. Methods: Pulmonary TB patients receiving treatment from the DOTS Centres in Sunsari District (Index Case-IC) were visited in their household to identify and assess contacts below five years of age. Transverse induration greater than10 mm was defined as a positive Mantoux test suggestive of tubercular infection. Results: Among 190 household contacts, Mantoux was positive in 13.7% (95%CI: 11.2-16.2). Higher sputum bacillary load (adjusted OR=3.03; 95% CI 1.01-9.1) and spitting habits of Index Cases (aOR=3.1; 95% CI 1.2-7.7), first-degree relationship (aOR=3.5; 95%CI 1.4-8.7) and longer duration of contact (aOR- 6.7; 95% CI 1.4-32.2), were factors significantly associated with positive Mantoux test in the under-five years old household contact. Conclusion: The prevalence of tuberculosis infection among under-five children in contact with pulmonary tuberculosis patients was 13.7%, which is nearly double than the results of first national tuberculin survey (7%), conducted by National Tuberculosis Centre. This highlights the need for a competent & functioning contact tracing mechanism to halt the chain of transmission of infection. Social and behavioral factors existing in the household were significantly associated with the transmission of Tuberculosis infection.

scholarly journals A Multi-Antigenic Adenoviral-Vectored Vaccine Improves BCG-Induced Protection of Goats against Pulmonary Tuberculosis Infection and Prevents Disease Progression

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. e81317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernat Pérez de Val ◽  
Enric Vidal ◽  
Bernardo Villarreal-Ramos ◽  
Sarah C. Gilbert ◽  
Anna Andaluz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Vectored Vaccine

Screening of potential donors for immunoglobulins M and G to new coronavirus infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 49-54
Author(s):  
Yuliia E. Romashova ◽  
Vladimir N. Vilyaninov ◽  
Nikolay V. Belgesov ◽  
Sergey P. Kaleko
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Active Movement ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Spring Period ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 ◽  
Epidemiological Situation ◽  
Selection Of

This study presents the results of the examination of potential donors of blood and its components for immunoglobulins M and G to patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) living in St. Petersburg. A total of 6782 people aged 1824 years were evaluated, which accounted for 2.07% of the regions population (326 760 people) of this age group. The study was carried out in the spring and autumn of 2020. A negative result (absence of antibodies) was obtained in 93.5% of the participants. The rates of immunoglobulins M and M + G were 0.58% and 4.18%, respectively, in the spring and autumn. Moreover, the number of participants who had immunoglobulins M and G + M in the autumn period was four times higher than the indicators of the spring period, which indicated greater infection activities in the population during this period. This is most likely due to the active movement of the population in the summer. When comparing the rates of COVID-19 infection and the frequency of occurrence in donors of the same age, markers of human immunodeficiency virus 1 and 2 and hepatitis B and C in 2020 (0.024, 0.012 and 0.13%, respectively) indicate the urgency of the problem of donor selection during blood services, especially during a difficult epidemiological situation because of COVID-19. Along with organizational measures for the selection of donors (e.g., attracting individuals from organized groups in which there are no signs of an unfavorable epidemiological situation to donation), mandatory testing of potential donors for immunoglobulins M and G should be considered.

POSSIBILITIES OF A LABORATORY TEST BASED ON THE DETERMINATION OF THE T-CELL RESPONSE TO STIMULATION WITH SPECIFIC CFP10 AND ESAT6 ANTIGENS IN THE DETECTION OF TUBERCULOSIS INFECTION IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 128-132
Author(s):  
R.H. Fatykhova ◽  
◽  
L.А. Bаryshnikovа ◽  
D.A. Kudlay ◽  
A.P. Alekseev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Test ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
T Cell Response ◽  
Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Mantoux Test ◽  
History Of ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Reverse Development

Objective of the study: to explore the possibilities of T-SPOT.TB testing to detect tuberculosis infection (TI) in children and adolescents. Materials and methods of research: the design – a multicenter retrospective cohort noncomparative uncontrolled study. The results of examination of children aged 1 to 17 years using the T-SPOT.TB test (n=1565): 774 boys (49,5%), 791 girls (50,5%). The median age of children is 8 [5; 13] years. Results: the rate of positive T-SPOT.TB tests was 7,2% (n=113). Further examination and in-depth examination of children with positive results (n=28), in every 4th case, a history of contact with a tuberculosis (TB) patient was established, every 4th child had previously been under treatment with phthisiatrician. The coincidence of positive results of the T-SPOT.TB test with the Mantoux test – in 87%, with the test with a recombinant tuberculosis allergen – in 100% of cases. Local TB in the phase of reverse development was detected in one child (4%), active TB – in 2 (7%). Conclusion: the T-SPOT.TB test is an alternative method for screening children for TI.

scholarly journals BCG Vaccination Reduces Risk of Tuberculosis Infection in Vaccinated Badgers and Unvaccinated Badger Cubs

PLoS ONE ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. e49833 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen P. Carter ◽  
Mark A. Chambers ◽  
Stephen P. Rushton ◽  
Mark D. F. Shirley ◽  
Pia Schuchert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Bcg Vaccination

scholarly journals Evaluation of effectiveness of mass screening for tuberculosis infection in children from 1 to 7 years old in Moscow

2022 ◽  
Vol 99 (12) ◽  
pp. 14-21
Author(s):  
L. V. Slogotskaya ◽  
E. M. Bogorodskaya ◽  
L. F. Shamuratova ◽  
T. A. Sevostyanova
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Skin Test ◽  
Positive Reaction ◽  
Mass Screening ◽  
Preventive Therapy ◽  
Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Mantoux Test ◽  
Primary Health

The objective: to evaluate effectiveness of mass screening for tuberculosis infection in children aged 1 to 7 years in different periods – before and after the use of tuberculosis recombinant allergen skin test (TRA) in primary health care as an additional diagnostic method.Subjects and Methods. The study was designed as continuous observational prospective-retrospective study. Two different periods were assessed: the first one was 2014-2016 when screening for tuberculosis infection was performed in all children from 1 to 17 years (inclusive) using Mantoux test with 2 TU PPD-L in pediatric primary health care, and then children suspected to have a positive reaction were referred to TB dispensary where they were examined with a skin test with TRA if necessary. The second period was from 2018 to 2020 when children of 1-7 years old were given Mantoux test and if tuberculosis infection was suspected, a skin test with TRA was done both in primary health care network and TB units. In the first 3 years, 1,864,137 children were examined and in the second 3 years, 2,078,800 children from 1 to 7 years old were examined.Results. Among children of 1-7 years old who were screened by two stages (initial Mantoux test, and then in those who had a positive reaction, the TRA test was used), only 10-12% of those referred to a phthisiologist were subject to dispensary follow-up. Thus, with the implementation of the new edict on screening for tuberculosis infection in children with two tests, this proportion has not changed compared to previous years, when screening was carried out only with one Mantoux test. The reason why almost 90% of the children who were referred to TB Dispensary were not subject to dispensary follow-up is the following: children who have had previous conversion of tuberculin tests, along with everyone else are again screened with Mantoux test despite being previously followed up by TB dispensary due to the primary infection.Recommendations:Currently, there is no division of Group VI into Subgroups A, B, C in the dispensary follow up grouping. Why should conversion of Mantoux test reaction from negative into positive not be considered an infection, and the increase in the reaction must be at least 6 mm.Since Order No. 124n of the Russian Ministry of Health allows testing with TRA in the primary health care in case of suspected infection, it is advisable to refer those who have already had this test to a phthisiologist.A child with conversion of Mantoux test should not be re-screened with Mantoux test but the TRA test should be used. If a positive reaction to the TRA test occurs for the first time, it should be considered as conversion of this test, and in this case the child should be examined by computed tomography (CT), and preventive therapy should be prescribed. If in subsequent years the TRA reaction increases by at least 6 mm after previous preventive therapy, the child should be re-referred for CT to rule out the development of active tuberculosis.

scholarly journals Recombinant in vitro test T-SPOT.TB as a screening method for early diagnosis of tuberculosis infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 48-52
Author(s):  
E. P. Eremenko ◽  
E. A. Borodulina ◽  
I. A. Sergeeva ◽  
D. A. Kudlay ◽  
B. E. Borodulin
Keyword(s):  
Screening Method ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis ◽  
Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Mantoux Test ◽  
Skin Tests ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
In Vitro Test ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Vitro Test

In addition to standard skin tests (Mantoux test with 2 TU PPD-L and diaskintest) for the diagnosis of tuberculosis infection, in vitro tests are used. One of these tests is T-SPOT.TB being more widely used in recent years.The objective: to evaluate the effectiveness of T-SPOT.TB test for early detection of tuberculosis infection in children and adolescents in Samara Region.Subjects and methods. From 2016 to 2019, results of T-SPOT.TB tests performed in 596 children aged 2 to 17 years inclusive were analyzed; those children had no immunodiagnosis of tuberculosis infection using skin tests since their parents refused to have it.Results. It was found out that the major reason for refusing skin tests was the “fear” of visiting a TB dispensary if the result had been positive — 38.43% (n = 229). The latent tuberculosis infection according to the results of T-SPOT.TB among children with concomitant pathology made 2.6%, among healthy children – 0.7%.Conclusion. T-SPOT.TB test may be used as an alternative method for diagnosis of tuberculosis infection, should the parent refuse to have skin tests. In children with concomitant pathology, T-SPOT.TB test can serve as a leading method for immunodiagnosis of tuberculosis.The authors state that they have no conflict of interests.

scholarly journals Programmed Death Ligand 2 Gene Polymorphisms Are Associated With Lung Adenocarcinoma Risk in Female Never-Smokers

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheng-Kai Liang ◽  
Li-Hsin Chien ◽  
Gee-Chen Chang ◽  
Ying-Huang Tsai ◽  
Wu-Chou Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Lung Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Lung Cancer Screening ◽  
Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Eqtl Analysis ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Programmed Death ◽  
Never Smokers

ObjectivesLung cancer in never-smokers is a distinct disease associated with a different genomic landscape, pathogenesis, risk factors, and immune checkpoint inhibitor responses compared to those observed in smokers. This study aimed to identify novel single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of programmed death-1 (encoded by PDCD1) and its ligands, programmed death ligand 1 (CD274) and 2 (PDCD1LG2), associated with lung cancer risk in never-smoking women.Materials and MethodsDuring September 2002 and July 2012, we enrolled never-smoking female patients with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) (n=1153) and healthy women (n=1022) from six tertiary hospitals in Taiwan. SNP data were obtained and analyzed from the genome-wide association study dataset and through an imputation method. The expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analysis was performed in both tumor and non-tumor tissues for the correlation between genetic expression and identified SNPs.ResultsA total of 12 PDCD1LG2 SNPs related to LUAD risk were identified in never-smoking women, including rs2381282, rs4742103, rs4237162, rs4742104, rs12237624, rs78096119, rs6476988, rs7857315, rs10975178, rs7854413, rs56001683, and rs7858319. Among them, six tagged PDCD1LG2 SNPs rs2381282, rs4742103, rs4237162, rs4742104, rs78096119, and rs56001683 were significantly associated with LUAD risk. Specifically, two PDCD1LG2 SNPs, rs12237624 and rs78096119, were associated with previous pulmonary tuberculosis infection in relation to LUAD susceptibility. Through an eQTL assay, we found that rs2381282 (p < 0.001), rs12237624 (p = 0.019), and rs78096119 (p = 0.019) were associated with the expression levels of programed death ligand 2.ConclusionsNovel SNPs of programed death ligand 2 associated with lung adenocarcinoma risk were identified. Among them, two SNPs were associated with pulmonary tuberculosis infection in relation to lung adenocarcinoma susceptibility. These SNPs may help to stratify high-risk populations of never-smokers during lung cancer screening.

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