scholarly journals A Commentary on Ambedkar's Posthumously Published "Philosophy of Hinduism"- Part III

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-234
Author(s):  
Rajesh Sampath
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
Philosophy Of History ◽  
Caste System ◽  
Individual Freedom ◽  
Philosophical Critique ◽  
History Of Religion ◽  
The Real ◽  
History Of ◽  
Civilized Society ◽  
Over Time

This article forms part III of a running commentary on Ambedkar’s posthumously published “Philosophy of History” (Ambedkar, 2014a). We attempt to follow Ambedkar’s reflections on the early origins of religion and his initial distinctions of the religions of “savage society” and “civilized society” (Ambedkar, 2014a, p. 9). Using the tools of philosophical critique, we see his attempt to dissect the real “principal” (Ambedkar, 2014a, p. 10) of religion beyond the apparitional nature of rites, rituals, and taboos. This leads to a series of deductions of what constitutes the very “core,” “source,” and “substance” of religion rooted in the “preservation of life” (Ambedkar, 2014a, p. 10). However, this is also a moment that will foreshadow Ambedkar’s ultimate judgement of Hinduism’s status as a religion when founded on the unequal social structure of caste. We argue the following in this article: what Ambedkar says about the architectonic of “savage society” and the failure to undergo a profound revolution in the nature and concept of religion bears an eerie resemblance to what ultimately takes the place of “savage society” (Ambedkar, 2014a, p. 9) over time, namely the Hindu caste system. This makes modern Hinduism a strange hybrid of pre-history and a future history whose conclusion is uncertain. Whether caste can disappear from society is the burning question. And this is intertwined with profound metaphysical questions of time, life, birth, and death, which only philosophy can deconstruct if a religion, like Hinduism, were submitted for critical judgement. The article concludes with an attempt to set the stage for the next phase of the commentary: there Ambedkar will transition from a general discussion about the philosophy and history of religion as a concept to an actual engagement with the philosophical contents of the religion known and practiced by hundreds of millions of adherents as Hinduism. As we already know, his conclusion is dire: a religion can only be true if it is rooted in ‘justice’ and serves the ‘utility’ of individual freedom (Ambedkar, 2014a, p. 22).

scholarly journals The problem of Millenarism

1975 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 31-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Af Edholm
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Golden Age ◽  
Caste System ◽  
Religious Movements ◽  
Mass Movements ◽  
Hindu Tradition ◽  
History Of Religions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Near Future

The myth of the recurrence of the golden age after a period of accelerating miseries ("messianic woes") in the near future is of course not peculiar to the chiliasm of the European later middle ages. On the contrary, it belongs to the basic eschatological themes of millenarism in general. These themes are found also in Hindu tradition. To determine those general characteristics of traditional Hindu society which can contribute to an explanation of the relative unimportance of peasant rebellions and the lack of chiliastic mass movements, is not a problem to be solved within the field of the history of religions.  For example, the egalitarian message of the bhakti saints, disputing the hierarchy, did not preclude that the salvationist sects did adapt to the caste system. The religious movements contributed to and gave ideological form to adjustments within the existing social structure. Obviously there was little need for millenarism in this process.  

scholarly journals RUSSIA IN THE FOCUS OF THE EXISTENCE AND THE DUE

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 107-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nataliia Olegovna Khazieva ◽  
Aklim Khatypovich Khaziev ◽  
Elena Vladimirovna Klyushina ◽  
German Nikolaevich Stepanenko ◽  
Ravya Faritovna Stepanenko
Keyword(s):  
Social Development ◽  
Philosophy Of History ◽  
Soviet Society ◽  
Historical Process ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
History Of ◽  
Soviet Russia ◽  
Political Character ◽  
Over Time

Purpose: In the center of work is the philosophy of history of Russia for the last hundred years of its existence through a prism real and due. Proceeding from a recognized thesis that it is natural to eat development of society - historical process authors focused the attention on modeling social development. Methodology: Methods of our analysis of the Soviet and Post-Soviet society will be based on documents of a political character, and, first of all, on the attestations of eyewitnesses reflecting daily occurrence language as in it the life of the person and society affects more adequately. Result: In the early nineties the last century the project of Post-Soviet Russia as a synonym of "the highway of a human civilization" began to be embodied. However, over time and it appeared under criticism fire as did not consider the identity of Russia. There was a requirement of the embodiment new due where the dialectics of the general, special and single is the leader. Applications: This research can be used for the universities, teachers, and students. Novelty/Originality: In this research, the model of Russia in the Focus of the Existence and the DUE is presented in a comprehensive and complete manner.

Ontology Versioning Driven by Instance Evolution in the τOWL Framework

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zouhaier Brahmia ◽  
Fabio Grandi ◽  
Abir Zekri ◽  
Rafik Bouaziz
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Web ◽  
Real World ◽  
Ontology Construction ◽  
Web Based ◽  
The Real ◽  
Initial Design ◽  
Design Time ◽  
Schema Versioning ◽  
History Of ◽  
Over Time

Like other components of Semantic Web-based applications, ontologies are evolving over time to reflect changes in the real world. Several of these applications require keeping a full-fledged history of ontology changes so that both ontology instance versions and their corresponding ontology schema versions are maintained. Updates to an ontology instance could be non-conservative that is leading to a new ontology instance version no longer conforming to the current ontology schema version. If, for some reasons, a non-conservative update has to be executed, in spite of its consequence, it requires the production of a new ontology schema version to which the new ontology instance version is conformant so that the new ontology version produced by the update is globally consistent. In this paper, we first propose an approach that supports ontology schema changes which are triggered by non-conservative updates to ontology instances and, thus, gives rise to an ontology schema versioning driven by instance updates. Note that in an engineering perspective, such an approach can be used as an incremental ontology construction method driven by the modification of instance data, whose exact structure may not be completely known at the initial design time. After that, we apply our proposal to the already established [Formula: see text]OWL (Temporal OWL 2) framework, which allows defining and evolving temporal OWL 2 ontologies in an environment that supports temporal versioning of both ontology instances and ontology schemas, by extending it to also support the management of non-conservative updates to ontology instance versions. Last, we show the feasibility of our approach by dealing with its implementation within a new release of the [Formula: see text] OWL-Manager tool.

scholarly journals Bahasa dan Kekuasaan dalam Historiografi Islam Marshall G.S. Hodgson

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-70
Author(s):  
Greg Soetomo
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
Michel Foucault ◽  
Philosophy Of Language ◽  
Philosophy Of History ◽  
Analytical Philosophy ◽  
History Of Knowledge ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Archaeology Of Knowledge ◽  
Developing System

Historian has been preserving a historical unity and continuity as a truth. There is an assumption that history has a ‘constant’. This paper explains and proves otherwise. This writing understands history is in fact filled with various ruptures, differences, and deviations. This uncertainty has taken place when ‘language’ becomes a focus of the study of history. In his L’Archeologie du savoir (1969), Michel Foucault (1926-1984) rejected the preconception of history as unity and continuity. He believed the history as a journey with various ruptures, differences, and irregularities that reveal uncertainty. This reversal has taken place when language as the focus’ study in the history of knowledge. Foucault has called this method as the Archaeology of Knowledge. This is the question which this paper is going to respond: “How does Michel Foucault’s archaeology of knowledge, the analytical philosophy of language, elucidate the diversity within Marshall G.S. Hodgson’s history of Islam?” These three below mentioned questions respectively reflect a three-fold dimension of the  diversity in Foucault’s thoughts as explained in his  L’Archeologie du savoir (poststructuralism-structuralism, postmodernism, and philosophy of history). First, how does Hodgson, as a structuralist, write the history of Islam by way of developing system of discourses to reveal meaning; at the same time, as a poststructuralist, he reveals incoherence of discourses and its plurality of meanings? Second, how do we understand that the social structure in the history cannot be simply detached from the chains of power as a constitutive dimension of discourse? Third, how do we comprehend, that in every stages of history, they have its distinctive episteme and diversity of thoughts that support the formation of discourses? This research is essentially to explain the three perspectives of Foucault’s philosophy. At the same time, the three approaches in Hodgson’s writing on the history of Islam are also being explored. Both points of convergence and of divergence have become the whole study of this paper.  

scholarly journals Patterns of origin, formation and spatial movement of the center of Saint-Petersburg in the 1703-1730s

2020 ◽  
Vol 164 ◽  
pp. 04028
Author(s):  
Sergey Sementsov ◽  
Yuri Pukharenko
Keyword(s):  
City Center ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Spatial Concepts ◽  
The Real ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
Spatial Movement ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Center ◽  
The City ◽  
Over Time

On the basis of numerous archival and published materials and data, project ideas and the real history of the formation and development of the historical center of Saint-Petersburg on the Gorodskoy Island (in 1703-1720), Vasilyevsky Island (in 1721-1730) and on the Admiralteyskaya side (since the 1730s) are considered as stages of gradual crystallization of various spatial concepts of the capital’s development. The structure of the city center that changed over time is revealed. The results of the study: a fairly clear correspondence is shown between the stages of development of spatial and structural ideas and the transfer of the capital’s center to new territories, depending on changes in the state’s prestigious landmarks.

scholarly journals The Unpredictable Lightness of History in Nicolas Cavaillès’ Novellas on the Mauritius Islands

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 65-76
Author(s):  
Fevronia Novac
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of History ◽  
Historical Narrative ◽  
Historical Narratives ◽  
Individual Freedom ◽  
Western History ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
The Dead ◽  
Mauritius Island

Nicolas Cavaillès ponders on a philosophy of history mixed with humour and irony in his historical narratives of remote islands in the Indian Ocean in two of his novellas: Life of Mr. Legaut (the story of a Huguenot who is forced to leave his native France and travels to these islands) and The Dead on the Donkey, where the wanderings of un unfortunate donkey across the Mauritius Island allow the narrator to relate the history of the island and its tragic trajectory to modernity. The idea of Western history as progressive evolution is rolled upside down with irony in Cavaillès's philosophical reflection on the circumstances leading to colonial expeditions in Life of Mr. Leguat (2013) and in the successive destruction of the Mauritius Island in the novella The Dead on the Donkey (2018). If Cavaillès builds his books hermeneutically, he also defies hermeneutics by denying all forms of possible understanding of the events described. The actions of his protagonists, human or animal, are the result of circumstances that are well known, but so absurd that they cannot form a historical narrative. If they did, this narrative would look like a hybrid of Beckett's absurd and Cioran's despair. Anti-Hegelian, since history here does not lead to individual freedom, Cavaillès's conception of history equally challenges Nietzsche's representation of unhistorical temporality in an attempt to solve humanity’s relation to the past for enacting a more desirable future. In far away Edenic islands, colonized by powerful states and inhabited by human and animal slaves, no philosophy could make sense of history.

Hume's project in ‘The natural history of religion’

2003 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
LORNE FALKENSTEIN
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Religious Belief ◽  
Philosophical Critique ◽  
History Of Religion ◽  
History Of

There are good reasons to think that at least a part of Hume's project in the ‘The natural history of religion’ was to buttress a philosophical critique of the reasonableness of religious belief undertaken in other works, and to attack a fundamentalist account of the history of religion and the foundations of morality. But there are also problems with supposing that Hume intended to achieve either of these goals. I argue that two problems in particular – accounting for Hume's neglect of revelation, and accounting for his remarks on the ‘invincibility’ of the reasons for ‘genuine theism’ – can only be resolved by recognizing that Hume's purposes in ‘The natural history’ were not fundamentally critical. If I am right, Hume's purpose was mainly to explain why ‘false’ or ‘adulterate’ forms of religious belief are so widespread and so influential.

The problem of periodization of the history of religion

1997 ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
Borys Lobovyk
Keyword(s):  
Religious Studies ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Religious Development ◽  
History Of Religion ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Role Of Religion

An important problem of religious studies, the history of religion as a branch of knowledge is the periodization process of the development of religious phenomenon. It is precisely here, as in focus, that the question of the essence and meaning of the religious development of the human being of the world, the origin of beliefs and cult, the reasons for the changes in them, the place and role of religion in the social and spiritual process, etc., are converging.

Chasing Angels: The Sweet Wine Angelica

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 74-78
Author(s):  
hank shaw
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
The Real ◽  
Mission Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
Uncertain Future ◽  
Sweet Wine ◽  
Made In

Portugal has port, Spain has sherry, Sicily has Marsala –– and California has angelica. Angelica is California's original wine: The intensely sweet, fortified dessert cordial has been made in the state for more than two centuries –– primarily made from Mission grapes, first brought to California by the Spanish friars. Angelica was once drunk in vast quantities, but now fewer than a dozen vintners make angelica today. These holdouts from an earlier age are each following a personal quest for the real. For unlike port and sherry, which have strict rules about their production, angelica never gelled into something so distinct that connoisseurs can say, ““This is angelica. This is not.”” This piece looks at the history of the drink, its foggy origins in the Mission period and on through angelica's heyday and down to its degeneration into a staple of the back-alley wino set. Several current vintners are profiled, and they suggest an uncertain future for this cordial.

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