scholarly journals Avaliação da evapotranspiração estimada pelo MODIS e do balanço hídrico para a bacia do Pontal-Pernambuco

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 2866-2877
Author(s):  
Pedro Brito ◽  
Rodrigo Miranda ◽  
Ygor Cristiano Brito Morais ◽  
Valeria Costa ◽  
Magna Moura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Policy Decision ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
The Social ◽  
Policy Decision Making ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Water Assessment ◽  
Very High

The semi-arid region of northeastern Brazil has a strong tendency to decrease precipitation with climate change. It is known that the social, economic, and environmental impacts will be very high if this happens. Evapotranspiration and water balance are important variables in public policy decision-making related to rain and water resources, as it allows for greater knowledge of the water supply in each region. Thus, evaluating different estimation methodologies for these variables provides an important contribution to the planning of environmental public policies. Given the above, this study aims to evaluate the evapotranspiration estimated with MODIS and the water balance obtained with the Soil Water Assessment Tools (SWAT) for the Pontal basin, Pernambuco, Brazil, for the year 2016. The results show the great dependence of actual evapotranspiration and runoff on the volume of rainfall in the basin. It was possible to verify that the preserved caatinga areas had the highest evapotranspiration throughout the year. Also noteworthy is the volume of water stored in the soil in these areas. The largest volume drained was present in agriculture and livestock and exposed soil. These results show the impacts of anthropic actions on the natural resources of the Po ntal basin, which can lead to greater complications in the region's land cover and water balance.

Historicizing the comparative survey of freedom: tracing the social trajectory of an influential indicator

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-144
Author(s):  
Emily Zerndt
Keyword(s):  
American Foreign Policy ◽  
Policy Decision ◽  
Political Scientist ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
The Social ◽  
Retrospective Account ◽  
Comparative Survey ◽  
Policy Decision Making ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Freedom House

ArgumentThe Comparative Survey of Freedom, first published by Freedom House in 1973, is now the most widely used indicator of democracy by both academics and the U.S. government alike. However, literature examining the Survey’s origins is virtually nonexistent. In this article, I use archival records to challenge Freedom House’s retrospective account of the indicator’s creation. Rather than the outcome of a scientific methodology by multiple social scientists, the Survey was produced by a single political scientist, Raymond Gastil, according to his own hunches and impressions. How, then, did this indicator rise to such prominence? I argue that the Survey’s notoriety can be attributed to its early promotion in both political science and American foreign policy decision-making, as well as the fact that it fit the dominant scientific and political paradigms of the time.

scholarly journals Union struggle and the crisis of industrial relations in Italy

2003 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeria Pulignano
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Policy ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
Industrial Relations ◽  
Policy Decision ◽  
Union Power ◽  
Social Dialogue ◽  
The Social ◽  
Policy Decision Making ◽  
The Government

This paper argues that the Berlusconi government is seeking to replace the ‘social concertation’ arrangement between government and trade unions with ‘social dialogue’ in an effort to undermine trade union ‘power’. This endeavour by the government to impose a policy of ‘social dialogue’ would severely limit trade unions' influence in economic and social policy decision-making and leave Berlusconi free to introduce reforms favouring his friends in employer organisations. One likely outcome would be the deregulation of the Italian labour market strongly damaging workers' rights.

Deliberative Policy Analysis

2018 ◽  
pp. 583-594
Author(s):  
Frank Fischer ◽  
Piyapong Boossabong
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Policy Analysis ◽  
Policy Decision ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
The Social ◽  
Policy Decision Making ◽  
Policy Problems

Deliberative policy analysis has its origins in the argumentative turn in policy analysis. It emerged as an alternative to the use of standard empirical-analytic methods of the social sciences to solve public policy problems. Not only has the conventional neopositivist approach failed to produce the promised results, it has generally operated with a technocratic, and largely an anti-democratic, bias. Basic to deliberative policy analysis is a method for bringing together a wider spectrum of citizens, politician and experts in the pursuit of policy decisions that are both effective and democratically legitimate. This chapter begins with an outline of the theoretical perspectives underlying deliberative policy analysis. Then, the process and practice is illustrated by the case study, which shows how the approach has moved from a theory to a practical method for policy decision-making.

scholarly journals Imagination and transformations to sustainable and just futures

Elem Sci Anth ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele-Lee Moore ◽  
Manjana Milkoreit
Keyword(s):  
Social Economic ◽  
Policy Decision ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Policy Decision Making ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Sustainability Challenges ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Transformation Processes

The ability of individuals and groups to identify, assess, and pursue alternative possible futures is an essential component of their ability to deliberately and collectively respond to major sustainability challenges rather than experience unguided or forced change. Deliberately engaging in transformation processes inevitably requires imagination. We refer to imagination for transformations as interdependent cognitive and social processes that create representations of present and possible future states of the world that can inform public deliberation, policy, decision making, and behavior from the individual to the global scale. We contend that imagination is an essential capacity for securing ecological, social, economic, and cultural well-being in times of rapid and often unpredictable global change. We sketch an emerging interdisciplinary research agenda on imagination as a transformational capacity and its role in transformation processes, building on contributions to a special issue on this subject. We specifically focus on imagination in relationship to transformative agency, causation, and individual-collective dynamics. Our aim is to identify research questions and challenges that are most pressing with a view to supporting efforts of transformations toward sustainability.

‘Bending the Rules’: The Space between HQ Policy and Local Action in UN Civilian Peacekeeping

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 293-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Felix da Costa ◽  
John Karlsrud
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Host Country ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Policy Decision ◽  
Institutional Policy ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
The Social ◽  
Policy Decision Making ◽  
The Relationship

Recent literature has argued that a ‘dominant peacebuilding culture’ has precluded the contextualisation of peacebuilding to local dynamics. The article explores the ‘peacekeeping-peacebuilding nexus’ in practice, where civilian peacekeepers are increasingly considered to be early peacebuilders. Drawing on examples from United Nations (UN) civilian peacekeeping involvement in local peacebuilding in South Sudan, this article argues for a less reductionist and more nuanced view of local peacebuilding and the social interactions and dynamics which take place. It recognises the discrepancies between official UN Headquarters (HQ) policy and action in the “field”, and thus explores the relationship between policy and practice and the location of agency and authority in civilian peacekeeping. The article argues that the critique levelled against peacekeeping and peacebuilding for being focused on actors in host country capitals does not sufficiently take into consideration the relationship between capitals and the “field”. Rather, local peacebuilding outcomes depend as much or more on negotiations, bargains and compromises between different actors at the “field” level, than on institutional policy decision-making deriving from headquarters.

Emotions and Foreign Policy

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Dolan
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Policy Decision ◽  
Foreign Policy Analysis ◽  
Collective Emotions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Policy Decision Making ◽  
And Behavior

Increasingly, scholars are recognizing the influences of emotion on foreign policy decision-making processes. Not merely feelings, emotions are sets of sentimental, physiological, and cognitive processes that typically arise in response to situational stimuli. They play a central role in psychological and social processes that shape foreign policy decision-making and behavior. In recent years, three important areas of research on emotion in foreign policy have developed: one examining the effects of emotion on how foreign policy decision makers understand and think-through problems, another focused on the role of emotion in diplomacy, and a third that investigates how mass emotion develops and shapes the context in which foreign policy decisions are made. These literatures have benefitted greatly from developments in the study of emotion by psychologists, neuroscientists, and others. Effectively using emotion to study foreign policy, however, requires some understanding of how these scholars approach the study of emotion and other affective phenomena. In addition to surveying the literatures in foreign policy analysis that use emotion, then, this article also addresses definitional issues and the different theories of emotion common among psychologists and neuroscientists. Some of the challenges scholars of emotion in foreign policy face: the interplay of the psychological and the social in modelling collective emotions, the issues involved in observing emotions in the foreign policy context, the theoretical challenge of emotion regulation, and the challenge of winning broader acceptance of the importance of emotion in foreign policy by the broader scholarly community.

scholarly journals A importância social, econômica e territorial do circuito inferior da economia urbana do eixo rodoviário Natal-Caicó, Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil / The social, economic and territorial importance of the urban economy lower circuit of the road axis Natal-Caicó, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (56) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Diego Salomão Candido de Oliveira Salvador
Keyword(s):  
Urban Economics ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Urban Economy ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
The Road ◽  
The Social ◽  
On The Road

Neste trabalho, objetivamos analisar a importância social, econômica e territorial das atividades não hegemônicas da economia urbana desenvolvidas no eixo rodoviário Natal-Caicó, estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Região Nordeste do Brasil. Nesse eixo, as cidades e a economia crescem alicerçadas, sobretudo, em atividades econômicas mantenedoras da pobreza estrutural produzida pela modernização do território, situação característica do processo de precarização do trabalho. Como resposta sistêmica, tem-se a segmentação da economia urbana, com o subsistema inferior cada vez mais dependente do superior, assim como mais permanente e receptor de trabalhadores. Por meio de reflexões sobre a teoria dos circuitos da economia urbana relacionadas com dados primários acerca das cidades do eixo Natal-Caicó, concluímos o trabalho sublinhando que, enquanto não predominar o mercado socialmente necessário, o circuito inferior é e será importante para viabilizar a sobrevivência da maioria dos trabalhadores e para explicitar a tensão ou a crise vivenciada no mercado de trabalho e na sociedade.Palavras–chave: Economia urbana, Mercado de trabalho, Pobreza.Abstract In this study, we aimed to analyse the social, economic and territorial importance of hegemonic urban economy activities developed on the road axis Natal-Caicó, State of Rio Grande do Norte, Northeastern Brazil. In this axis, the cities and the economy grow based on supporters of poverty basic economic activities produced by the territory modernisation, situation characteristic of the precarious work process. As a systemic response, there is the urban economics segmentation, with the lower subsystem increasingly dependent on top, as well as more permanent and receiver. Through reflections on the theory of circuits of urban economics related to primary data about the road axis Natal-Caicó cities, we conclude the work stressing that, while not predominate the socially necessary market, the lower circuit is and it will be essential to make possible the survival of the majority of workers and to clarify the tension or the crisis experienced in the labour market and society.Keywords: Urban economics, Labor market, Poverty.

Measuring daily-life fear perception change: a computational study in the context of COVID-19 (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuchen Chai ◽  
Juan Palacios ◽  
Jianghao Wang ◽  
Yichun Fan ◽  
Siqi Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Computational Study ◽  
Policy Decision ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
The Social ◽  
Policy Decision Making ◽  
Media Data

BACKGROUND COVID-19, as a global health crisis, has triggered the fear emotion with unprecedented intensity. Besides the fear of getting infected, the outbreak of COVID-19 also created significant disruptions in people’s daily life and thus evoked intensive psychological responses indirect to COVID-19 infections. OBJECTIVE This study aims to develop novel digital trackers of public fear emotion during the COVID-19 pandemic, and to uncover meaningful topics that the citizens are concerned about to inform policy decision-making. METHODS We construct an expressed fear database using 16 million social media posts generated by 536 thousand users in China between January 1st, 2019 and August 31st, 2020. We employ Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) to detect the fear emotion within each post and apply BERTopic to extract the central fear topics. RESULTS We find that on average, 2.45% of posts per day having fear as the dominant emotion in 2019. This share spiked after the COVID-19 outbreak and peaked at 9.1% on the date that China’s epi-center Wuhan city announced lockdown. Among the fear posts, topics related to health takes the largest share (39%). Specifically, we find that posts regarding sleep disorders (Nightmare and Insomnia) have the most significant increase during the pandemic. We also observe gender heterogeneity in fear topics, with females being more concerned with health while males being more concerned with job. CONCLUSIONS Our work leverages the social media data coupled with computational methods to track the emotional response on a large scale and with high temporal granularity. While we conduct this research in a tracing back mode, it is possible to use such a method to achieve real-time emotion monitoring, thus serving as a helpful tool to discern societal concerns and aid for policy decision-making.

scholarly journals DESAFIOS DA CONVIVÊNCIA COM O SEMIÁRIDO: abordagem à luz da configuração econômica e socioespacial do município de Esperança – PB

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (10) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
João Paulo Gomes de Vasconcelos Aragão ◽  
Joel Santos Pereira Nobre
Keyword(s):  
Arid Region ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Spatial Configuration ◽  
Contemporary Society ◽  
Rural Workers ◽  
Family Farmers ◽  
Transition Area ◽  
The Social ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Semi Arid

CHALLENGES OF COEXISTENCE WITH THE SEMI ARID: approach to the light of the economic and socioespacial configuration of the municipality of Esperança – PBDESAFÍOS DE LA CONVIVENCIA CON EL SEMIÁRIDO: enfoque a la luz de la configuración económica y socialespacial del municipio de Esperança – PBA convivência equilibrada com a natureza continua sendo um dos grandes desafios da sociedade contemporânea. Um exemplo disto ocorre no município paraibano de Esperança, no qual populações vivem em relação com a natureza do semiárido. A finalidade deste estudo foi analisar a configuração econômica e socioespacial, além dos desafios da convivência com o semiárido no município. O método utilizado foi inspirado em alguns princípios clássicos da Geografia, enquanto ciência social e historicamente estabelecida. Este método foi denominado de “DCACI”, resultado das letras iniciais dos cinco princípios geográficos trabalhados neste estudo enquanto etapas: 1. Delimitação, 2. Caracterização, 3. Analogia, 4. Conexidade e 5. Indicação. Os resultados obtidos indicam que, mesmo situado em uma área de transição entre clima úmido e semiárido, o município de Esperança não dispõem de condições técnicas suficientes para garantir de forma satisfatória uma convivência equilibrada com o semiárido. Apesar de ações isoladas, como as realizadas pelo Sindicato de Trabalhadores Rurais e Agricultores Familiares, que constituem avanços, vê-se no conjunto das dimenões socioespacial e ambiental do município, a contradição econômica social típica das políticas setorializadas as quais não têm priorizado a convivência sustentável com o semiárido.Palavras-chave: Convivência; Sociedade; Natureza; Semiárido; Esperança/PB.ABSTRACTBalanced coexistence with nature continues to be one of the great challenges of contemporary society. An example of this occurs in the Paraiba municipality of Esperança, in which populations live in relation to the nature of the semiarid. The purpose of this study was to analyze the economic and socio-spatial configuration, as well as the challenges of living with the semi-arid region in the municipality. The method used was inspired by some classical principles of Geography as a social science and historically established This method was called "DCACI", a result of the initial letters of the five geographical principles worked in this study as steps: 1. Delimitation, 2. Characterization, 3. Analogy, 4. Connectivity and 5. Indication. The results indicate that, although located in a transition area between humid and semi-arid climate, the municipality of Esperança does not have enough technical conditions to guarantee a satisfactory way of living a balanced life with the semi-arid region. In spite of isolated actions, such as those carried out by the Union of Rural Workers and Family Farmers, which constitute advances, the socio-spatial and environmental dimensions of the municipality show the social economic contradiction typical of sectoral policies, which have not prioritized sustainable coexistence with the semi arid.Keywords: Coexistence; Society; Nature; Semiarid; Esperança/PB.RESUMENLa convivencia equilibrada con la naturaleza sigue siendo uno de los grandes desafíos de la sociedad contemporánea. Un ejemplo de ello, ocurre en el municipio paraibano de Esperança, en el que poblaciones viven en relación con la naturaleza del semiárido. La finalidad de este estudio fue analizar la configuración económica y socioespacial, además de los desafíos de la convivencia con el semiárido en el municipio. El método utilizado fue inspirado en algunos principios clásicos de la Geografía, como ciencia social e históricamente establecida. Este método fue denominado "DCACI", resultado de las letras iniciales de los cinco principios geográficos trabajados en este estudio como etapas: 1. Delimitación, 2. Caracterización, 3. Analogía, 4. Conexiones y 5. Indicación. Los resultados obtenidos indican que, incluso en un área de transición entre clima húmedo y semiárido, el municipio de Esperança no dispone de condiciones técnicas suficientes para garantizar de forma satisfactoria una convivencia equilibrada con el semiárido. A pesar de acciones aisladas, como las realizadas por el Sindicato de Trabajadores Rurales y Agricultores Familiares, que constituyen avances, se ve en el conjunto de las dimensiones socioespacial y ambiental del municipio, la contradicción económica social típica de las políticas sectorializadas que no han priorizado la convivencia sostenible con el semiárido.Palabras clave: Convivencia; Sociedad; Naturaleza; Semiárido; Esperança/PB.

scholarly journals The COVID-19 Pandemic: Informing Policy Decision-Making for a Vulnerable Population

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-37
Author(s):  
Nicholas Spence ◽  
Vivian Chau ◽  
Maryam S. Farvid ◽  
Jerry White ◽  
Paranthaman Rasalingam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Policy Decision ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Social ◽  
Policy Decision Making

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted society. Vulnerable populations are at heightened risk for exposure, as well as adverse health and social consequences. Policymakers are operating under difficult circumstances, making crucial policy decisions to maximize impact and mitigate harm, with limited scientific evidence. This article examines the pronounced vulnerability of Indigenous Peoples in Canada to the pandemic. We highlight the importance of moving beyond individual-level risk factors associated with COVID-19 by identifying and classifying Indigenous communities most vulnerable to the pandemic. We propose the use of a social diagnostic tool, the Community Well-Being Index, rooted in the social determinants of health, to predict community vulnerability and potentially guide policy decision-making in the fight against COVID-19. 

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