scholarly journals Espacialização e Sazonalidade da Precipitação Pluviométrica do Estado de Goiás e Distrito Federal (Seasonality and Spatial Distribution of Rainfall in the State of Goiás and Federal District)

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Camargos Costa ◽  
Francisco Marcuzzo ◽  
Osmar M. Ferreira ◽  
Lucas R. Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Federal District ◽  
The State ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Distribution ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Air Mass ◽  
Historical Series ◽  
Northeastern State ◽  
Distrito Federal

A importância do estudo da precipitação pluviométrica por meio de séries históricas é de grande valor para entender sua distribuição espacial e sazonal. Desta forma, o objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar um estudo da sazonalidade, distribuição espacial total e mensal da precipitação pluviométrica do Estado de Goiás e do Distrito Federal. Os dados da série histórica de 1974 a 2008, com um total de 107 estações pluviométricas, resultando em 35 anos de dados da ANA (Agência Nacional das Águas). Como resultados são apresentados mapas com a distribuição espacial e temporal, total e sazonal das chuvas. Concluiu-se que o regime de chuvas para o Estado de Goiás e Distrito Federal é análogo durante os anos, com algumas variações no nordeste do Estado de Goiás advinda da massa de ar atlântica continental. Neste estudo verificou-se que, no período classificado como úmido, nos meses de outubro a abril, o valor acumulado de precipitação atinge 2.300 mm na região norte de Goiás. O intervalo entre os meses de maio e setembro, que correspondem ao período seco, o valor acumulado de precipitação pluviométrica fica entre 100 a 400 mm para Goiás. Palavras-chave: Chuva, interpolação matemática, pluviometria. Seasonality and Spatial Distribution of Rainfall in the State of Goiás and Federal District ABSTRACT The importance of studying through time series is of great value to understand their spatial distribution and seasonal. The objective of this paper is to present a study of seasonality, spatial distribution and total monthly rainfall in the state of Goiás and Distrito Federal. The data formed the historical series from 1974 to 2008, with a total of 107 rainfall stations, resulting in 35 years of data. Results are presented as maps with the spatial and temporal distribution, and total seasonal rainfall for the state of Goiás and Distrito Federal is similar over the years, with some variations in the northeastern state of Goiás coming from the Atlantic Continental air mass. In this study it was found that months from October to April, the levels of precipitation reaches 2300mm in northern Goiás. The interval between the months of May and September, corresponding to the dry period the rainfall rates are between 100 a 400mm for Goiás. Key-words: Rain, mathematical interpolation, pluviometric.

scholarly journals Spatial and temporal distribution of gerrid (Heteroptera) and predation on microcrustaceans from a tropical shallow lake

2016 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Domingos ◽  
M. S. Arcifa
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Ingestion Rate ◽  
Aquatic Insect ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Distribution ◽  
Population Fluctuations ◽  
Size Selectivity ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Adult Insect

Abstract Predator-prey interactions involving an aquatic insect and zooplanktonic prey of different sizes were investigated to quantify prey mortality exposed to predators. Laboratory experiments were undertaken with the young and adult gerrid Rheumatobates crassifemur to test predation and size selectivity on the cladocerans Daphnia gessneri, Ceriodaphnia richardi, and Bosmina tubicen. Population fluctuations and spatial distribution of the gerrid were also evaluated in a small and shallow Brazilian lake throughout 12 months in fortnightly samples. The insects were more abundant in the littoral (mean density 7.0 ± 1.2 ind.m–2) compared to the limnetic zone. The period with the highest densities was late January to June, in both zones. Predation by young instars on Daphnia and Ceriodaphnia was significant (mean ingestion rate of 1.3 ± 0.1 D. gessneri and 0.7 ± 0.1 C. richardi per predator per hour). Adult insect fed only the large-sized prey (mean ingestion rate of 1.0 ± 0.1 D. gessneri per predator per hour). Young gerrids have greater potential to prey on cladocerans than adults, and size selectivity occurred for both predators. Preference of adults by the larger prey is probably related to difficulties in manipulating smaller planktonic prey, such as Ceriodaphnia. Due to higher densities of insects in the littoral, higher predation on zooplankton in this zone is expected. This study does contribute to a better understanding of trophic interactions in tropical shallow lakes and is the first to investigate predation of a gerrid on cladocerans in laboratory experiments.

scholarly journals Spatial and temporal distribution of bats (Chiroptera) in bright summer nights

2016 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tore Christian Michaelsen
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Spatial Distribution Pattern ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Distribution ◽  
Pronounced Increase ◽  
Low Salinity ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Over Time

Most bat species show plasticity in their choice of habitat and landscape. This study focuses on the distribution and activity of bats along the hillsides and onto the shores of a low salinity marine Norwegian fiord at 62°N. Ultrasound was recorded using D500 detectors in June and July at 42 different sites from the shoreline and up the hillsides to around 200 m. Detectors were placed in well-preserved woodlands. OnlyPipistrellussp., northern batsEptesicus nilssoniiand bats of theMyotisgenus were common. There was a clear non-linear spatial distribution pattern along these slopes, with a pronounced increase in the number of recorded bats at short distances from the shore. On all six nights, the detector closest to the shore had the highest number of recorded bats. A pattern was also seen in bat distribution over time.Pipistrellussp., northern bats andMyotisspecies all had a peak near the shore during the darkest part of the night, which is around 01.35 h in mid-summer at this latitude. At greater distances,Pipistrellussp. and northern bats had a peak around 40 minutes to one hour before the darkest part of the night, respectively. Here,Myotisspp. peaked about an hour after 01.35.

Organização política da República Federativa do Brasil no Estado Democrático de Direito

2018 ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Nathan Martins Lemes ◽  
Miguel Belinati Piccirillo
Keyword(s):  
Federal Government ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Human Dignity ◽  
Federal District ◽  
The State ◽  
State Law ◽  
Distrito Federal ◽  
The Individual

ResumoHá elementos que constituem o Estado, apresentados a partir do artigo 18 da Constituição Federal. O ordenamento jurídico se apresenta como tendo dois tipos primordiais de normas, umas sendo sancionatórias e outras de organização. Há fatos que são vistos como obrigações formais dos cidadãos, mas não significa dizer que há democracia, esta passando por várias transformações ao longo da história. Estabelece-se no art. 18, na República Federativa, a constituição da União, Estados, Distrito Federal eMunicípios. Cada ente deve assumir um papel de responsabilidade pela luta da dignidade da pessoa humana (art. 1º). E o Direito no Estado entra para a garantia do mínimo de dignidade ao indivíduo. Vale muito mais um direito vivente do que apenas vigente, ou seja, o que realmente se vive socialmente e não apenas formalidades.Palavras chave: Democracia, Estado, Federação, República Federativa do Brasil.AbstractThere are elements that constitute the State, contained in article 18 of the Brazilian Constitution. Law appears to have two main types of norms, namely those that impose sanctions and norms of organization. Certain facts constitute obligations of citizens, although that does not imply that there is democracy, and they undergo several transformations through history. It is established in article 18 of the constitution of the Federal Government, of States, of the Federal District, and of Municipalities. Each entity must take on a role of responsibility for fghting for human dignity (article 1). Thus, State Law must aim to ensure a minimum of dignity to the individual. To this end, a living legal system is of more value it being merely valid, that is, it should live in society and not be only formalism.Keywords: Democracy, State, Federation, Federative Republic of Brazil.ResumenExisten elementos que constituyen el Estado, contenidos en el artículo 19 de la Constitución brasileña. El derecho aparece como dos tipos de normas, a saber, las que imponen sanciones, y normas de organización. Ciertos hechos constituyen obligaciones de los ciudadanos, aunque eso no implica que existe una democracia, pues esta pasa por múltiples cambios en la historia. El artículo 18 establece la constitución del Gobierno Federal, los Estados, el Distrito Federal, y las Municipalidades. Cada entidad debe asumir un rol de responsabilidad en la lucha por la dignidad humana (artículo 1). El Derecho Estatal, por tanto, debe asegurar un mínimo de dignidad al individuo. Así, un derecho vivo es más valioso que su mera validez, esto es, debe ser vivido socialmente, y no ser mera formalidad.Palabras clave: Democracia, Estado, Federación, República Federativa de Brasil.

scholarly journals Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Tuberculosis in the State of Mexico, Mexico

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Zaragoza Bastida ◽  
Marivel Hernández Tellez ◽  
Lilia P. Bustamante Montes ◽  
Imelda Medina Torres ◽  
Jaime Nicolás Jaramillo Paniagua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Population ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Space Time ◽  
The State ◽  
Scan Statistics ◽  
World Health ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Distribution ◽  
Clinical Variants ◽  
Health Organization

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the oldest human diseases that still affects large population groups. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), there were approximately 9.4 million new cases worldwide in the year 2010. In Mexico, there were 18,848 new cases of TB of all clinical variants in 2010. The identification of clusters in space-time is of great interest in epidemiological studies. The objective of this research was to identify the spatial and temporal distribution of TB during the period 2006–2010 in the State of Mexico, using geographic information system (GIS) and SCAN statistics program. Nine significant clusters () were identified using spatial and space-time analysis. The conclusion is that TB in the State of Mexico is not randomly distributed but is concentrated in areas close to Mexico City.

scholarly journals Assessing the Effects of Land Cover Land Use Change on Precipitation Dynamics in Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area from 2001 to 2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1135
Author(s):  
Xinghan Wang ◽  
Peitong Cong ◽  
Yuhao Jin ◽  
Xichun Jia ◽  
Junshu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Distribution ◽  
Construction Land ◽  
Bay Area

The change of spatial and temporal distribution of precipitation has an important impact on urban water security. The effect of land cover land use change (LCLUC) on the spatial and temporal distribution of precipitation needs to be further studied. In this study, transfer matrix, standard deviation ellipse and spatial autocorrelation analysis techniques were used. Based on the data of land cover land use and precipitation, this paper analyzed the land cover land use change and its influence on the spatial and temporal distribution pattern of precipitation in the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA). The results showed that from 2001 to 2019, the area of cropland, water, barren, forest/grassland in the GBA decreased by 44.03%, 8.05%, 50.22%, 0.43%, respectively, and the area of construction land increased by 20.05%. The precipitation in the GBA was mainly concentrated in spring and summer, and the precipitation in spring tended to increase gradually, while the precipitation in summer tended to decrease gradually, while the precipitation in autumn and winter has no obvious change. It was found that with the change of land cover land use, the spatial distribution of precipitation also changed. Especially in the areas where the change of construction land was concentrated, the spatial distribution of precipitation changed most obviously.

scholarly journals RESERCH ON SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION OF COLOR STEEL BUILDING BASED ON MULTI-SOURCE HIGH-RESOLUTION SATELLITE IMAGERY

2018 ◽  
Vol XLII-3 ◽  
pp. 2101-2105
Author(s):  
S. W. Yang ◽  
J. J. Ma ◽  
J. M. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Steel Plate ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Regional Differentiation ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Distribution ◽  
Spatial Form ◽  
Coupling Relationship ◽  
Steel Building

As representative vulnerable regions of the city, dense distribution areas of temporary color steel building are a major target for control of fire risks, illegal buildings, environmental supervision, urbanization quality and enhancement for city’s image. In the domestic and foreign literature, the related research mainly focuses on fire risks and violation monitoring. However, due to temporary color steel building’s special characteristics, the corresponding research about temporal and spatial distribution, and influence on urban spatial form etc. has not been reported. Therefore, firstly, the paper research aim plans to extract information of large-scale color steel building from high-resolution images. Secondly, the color steel plate buildings were classified, and the spatial and temporal distribution and aggregation characteristics of small (temporary buildings) and large (factory building, warehouse, etc.) buildings were studied respectively. Thirdly, the coupling relationship between the spatial distribution of color steel plate and the spatial pattern of urban space was analysed. The results show that there is a good coupling relationship between the color steel plate building and the urban spatial form. Different types of color steel plate building represent the pattern of regional differentiation of urban space and the phased pattern of urban development.

scholarly journals Temporal and spatial distribution of ancient sites in Shaanxi Province using geographic information systems (GIS)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Litao Zhu ◽  
Zhengwei Li ◽  
Huimin Su ◽  
Xing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Tang Dynasty ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Shaanxi Province ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Distribution ◽  
Temporal And Spatial Distribution ◽  
Linear Distribution ◽  
Plain Area ◽  
Kernel Density Analysis

AbstractRevealing the evolutionary history of the relationship between humans and Earth will help us understand the spatial and temporal distribution of ancient cultural sites (referred to as ancient sites). This research explored the spatial and temporal distribution of ancient sites in Shaanxi Province (China) from the Han Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty and assessed their correlation with the natural environment and economic patterns using geographic information system (GIS) technologies. The results indicated that (1) the ancient sites in the two periods were mainly centered in Xi'an based on kernel density analysis. The number of ancient sites in the Han to the Northern and Southern Dynasties was greater than that in the Sui and Tang Dynasties. The spatial distribution of ancient sites indicated that more sites are present in northern Shaanxi Province than in the south. (2) The ancient sites in Shaanxi Province were concentrated in the plain area with an elevation of approximately 866 m; the aspects were south, east, and southeast; and the slopes were 0 ~ 3° based on an analysis of the topographic features. (3) The ancient sites were concentrated within 10 km of the river. Fewer ancient sites were distributed with increasing distance from the river, indicating a linear distribution of ancient sites.

scholarly journals The influence of hydrodynamics on the spatial and temporal variation of phytoplankton pigments in a large, sub-tropical coastal lake (Brazil)

2004 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 587-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana de Souza Cardoso ◽  
David da Motta Marques
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Temporal Variation ◽  
Diurnal Cycle ◽  
Shallow Lake ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variation ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Distribution ◽  
Coastal Lake ◽  
Phytoplankton Pigments ◽  
Horizontal Heterogeneity

This study evaluated the spatial and temporal distribution of phytoplankton pigments in Itapeva Lake and its relationship with hydrodynamic aspects. Regarding spatial distribution, a decreasing N®S gradient was generally observed for the pigments, except in summer. This inversion observed during the summer was influenced by the predominant fetch (N-E). The horizontal heterogeneity was proved (ANOVA) for all seasons of the year, except spring. Spatially in spring, the vertical variance was much more significant (p<0.05) than the horizontal one. The sampling shifts presented a permanent degree of variability among the seasons of the year, showing the existence of a diurnal cycle in the concentration of chlorophyll a. This behavior was related to the fetch, mainly from the NE and SW quadrants, disturbing the system because it is a shallow lake. This confirmed the influence of the Itapeva Lake's hydrodynamic regime on the spatial-temporal distribution of the phytoplankton pigments.

scholarly journals Analysis of Malaria Incidence in Banyumas Using Spacial-Temporal Approach

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Supriyanto Supriyanto ◽  
Nunung Nurhayati ◽  
Dwi Sarwani Sri Rejeki
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Malaria Incidence ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Distribution ◽  
Spatial Clusters ◽  
Risk Areas ◽  
Unstable Transmission

Malaria still becomes a public health problem in Indonesia although has declined the last decades. The incidences of malaria in Banyumas shows unstable transmission and still risk of epidemic . Thus, the spatial and temporal distribution is required as part of efforts towards the elimination of malaria in Banyumas. Temporal spatial statistical methods is used to identify a group of malaria incidence at the district level. Purely spatial clusters of malaria incidence from 2004 to 2015 shows that the disease is not distributed randomly in the study area. A total of nine districts of high risk is determined by analysis of Morans I. The analysis showed that by the Morans I test, there is spatial autocorrelation found in the percentage malaria incidence from 2004 to 2015 in Banyumas. The use of the model can provide a means to detect the spatial distribution, temporal, and spatiotemporal malaria, as well as to identify areas of high risk of malaria. This research may help in prioritizing resources on high-risk areas for malaria control in the future and towards the elimination of malaria in Banyumas.

scholarly journals Livestock rabies in Pará state, Brazil: a descriptive study (2004 to 2013)

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 234-241
Author(s):  
Elane A. Andrade ◽  
Francisco D.O. Monteiro ◽  
Mónica R. Solorio ◽  
Vanessa A. Raia ◽  
Diego A. Xavier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Affected Animal

ABSTRACT: Rabies is an important zoonosis to public health associated with lethal encephalitis and economic losses. Analysis of its spatial distribution is a meaningful tool in understanding its dispersion, which may contribute to the control and prophylaxis of the disease. This study analyzed the spatial-temporal distribution of rabies outbreaks in livestock in Pará state, Brazil, from 2004 to 2013. We used records of neurological syndromes obtained from the state’s livestock authority (Adepará). The analysis recorded 711 neurological syndromes reports in livestock, of which 32.8% were positive for rabies. In 8% of the neurological syndromes (n=57) was not possible to perform the analysis because of bad-packaging conditions of the samples sent. Outbreaks involved at least 1,179 animals and cattle were the most affected animal species (76.8%). The numbers of reported neurological syndromes and of rabies outbreak shad strong positive correlation and exhibited decreasing linear trend. Spatially, most outbreaks occurred in two mesoregions in Pará (Northeast and Southeast). One of the justifications for this spatial distribution may be related with the distribution of the animals in the state, since these mesoregions are the largest cattle producers in Pará and have most of their territory deforested for pasture implementation.

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