scholarly journals Livestock rabies in Pará state, Brazil: a descriptive study (2004 to 2013)

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 234-241
Author(s):  
Elane A. Andrade ◽  
Francisco D.O. Monteiro ◽  
Mónica R. Solorio ◽  
Vanessa A. Raia ◽  
Diego A. Xavier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Affected Animal

ABSTRACT: Rabies is an important zoonosis to public health associated with lethal encephalitis and economic losses. Analysis of its spatial distribution is a meaningful tool in understanding its dispersion, which may contribute to the control and prophylaxis of the disease. This study analyzed the spatial-temporal distribution of rabies outbreaks in livestock in Pará state, Brazil, from 2004 to 2013. We used records of neurological syndromes obtained from the state’s livestock authority (Adepará). The analysis recorded 711 neurological syndromes reports in livestock, of which 32.8% were positive for rabies. In 8% of the neurological syndromes (n=57) was not possible to perform the analysis because of bad-packaging conditions of the samples sent. Outbreaks involved at least 1,179 animals and cattle were the most affected animal species (76.8%). The numbers of reported neurological syndromes and of rabies outbreak shad strong positive correlation and exhibited decreasing linear trend. Spatially, most outbreaks occurred in two mesoregions in Pará (Northeast and Southeast). One of the justifications for this spatial distribution may be related with the distribution of the animals in the state, since these mesoregions are the largest cattle producers in Pará and have most of their territory deforested for pasture implementation.

scholarly journals Effects of annual rainfall on dengue incidence in the Indian state of Rajasthan

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasir Salam
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
The State ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cumulative Rainfall ◽  
Dengue Outbreaks ◽  
Indian State ◽  
The Impact

AbstractDengue has become a major public health problem in the last few decades with India contributing significantly to the overall disease burden. Most of the cases of Dengue from India are reported during Monsoon season. The vector population of dengue is affected by seasonal rainfall, temperature and humidity fluctuations. Rajasthan is northwestern state of India, which has shown several dengue outbreaks in the past. In this paper we have tried to analyze the effects of annual cumulative rainfall on Dengue incidence in one of the largest and severely affected states of India. Retrospective data for Dengue incidence and Rainfall for the state of Rajasthan was collected and Pearson’s coefficient correlation was calculated as a measure of association between the variables. Our results indicate that annual cumulative rainfall shows a strong positive correlation with dengue incidence in the state of Rajasthan. Such analyses have the potential to inform public health official about the control and preparedness for vector control during monsoon season. This is the first study from the Indian state of Rajasthan to assess the impact of annual rainfall on dengue incidence, which has seen several dengue outbreaks in the past.

scholarly journals Characterization and distribution of pesticide use from 2015 to 2019, by health regions in the state of Rondônia (RO), Amazon, Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 445-458
Author(s):  
Tainara Ferrugem Franco ◽  
Renê Suaiden Parmejiani ◽  
Monica Pereira Lima Cunha ◽  
Amarildo Miranda ◽  
Rejane Corrêa Marques ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
The State ◽  
Inspection System ◽  
Active Ingredients ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Recovery System ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Different Origins

Colonization projects and the consolidation of commodities production made ranching and agriculture one of the main economic activities in Rondônia (RO). Simultaneously to this process, there was an increase in the consumption of pesticides, resulting in risks to human health and the environment. Based on datasets of different origins, this article analyzed the spatial distribution of pesticide commercialization in the different health regions of the state of Rondônia (RO), between 2015 and 2019. We used data from the Rondônia State Pesticide Trade Inspection System (Sistema de Fiscalização do Comércio de Agrotóxicos do Estado de Rondônia – SIAFRO), managed by the Agrosilvopastoral Health Defense Agency of the State of Rondônia (Agência de Defesa Sanitária Agrosilvopastoril do Estado de Rondônia – IDARON); the Phytosanitary Pesticides System (Sistema de Agrotóxicos Fitossanitários – AGROFIT), the National Health Surveillance Agency (Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária – ANVISA), the Brazilian Institue of the Environment and Renewable Natural Resources (Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis – IBAMA) and of the IBGE Automatic Recovery System of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (Sistema IBGE de Recuperação Automática do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística – SIDRA/IBGE). The consolidation of these data contributed to the analysis and presentation of the spatial distribution of the average amount of pesticides sold by health regions in RO and the main active ingredients sold, their use classification and quantity applied to each culture. We conclude that the production of commodities such as soy, corn, coffee, and pasture are the main drivers of pesticide commercialization in the study region. The main  marketed active ingredients suggest potential risks to public health and the environment. In addition, the present safety criteria regarding pesticides, especially in Brazil, are outdated and lead to public health and environmental vulnerability.

scholarly journals Spatio-temporal distribution and associated factors of anaemia among children aged 6–59 months in Ethiopia: a spatial and multilevel analysis based on the EDHS 2005–2016

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. e045544
Author(s):  
Samuel Hailegebreal ◽  
Araya Mesfin Nigatu ◽  
Zeleke Abebaw Mekonnen ◽  
Berhanu Fikadie Endehabtu
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Community Level ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Spatio Temporal

ObjectivesAnaemia is a global public health problem with major health and socioeconomic consequences. Though childhood anaemia is a major public health problem in Ethiopia, there is limited evidence on the spatio-temporal variability of childhood anaemia over time in the country. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the spatio-temporal distribution and associated factors of childhood anaemia using the Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) data from 2005 to 2016.DesignSurvey-based cross-sectional study design was employed for the EDHS.SettingData were collected in all nine regions and two city administrations of Ethiopia in 2005, 2011 and 2016.ParticipantsThe source population for this study was all children in Ethiopia aged 6–59 months. A total of 21 302 children aged 6–59 months were included in this study.Outcome measureThe outcome variable was child anaemia status.ResultsThe prevalence of anaemia declined from 53.9% in 2005 to 44.6% in 2011, but it showed an increase in 2016 to 57.6%. The spatial analysis revealed that the spatial distribution of anaemia varied across the regions. The spatial scan statistics analysis indicated a total of 22 clusters (relative risk (RR)=1.5, p<0.01) in 2005, 180 clusters (RR=1.4, p<0.01) in 2011 and 219 clusters (RR=1.4, p<0. 0.01) in 2016, significant primary clusters were identified. The child’s age, mother’s age, maternal anaemia status, wealth index, birth order, fever, stunting, wasting status and region were significant predictors of childhood anaemia.ConclusionsIn this study, childhood anaemia remains a public health problem. The spatial distribution of childhood anaemia varied significantly across the country. Individual-level and community-level factors were associated with childhood anaemia. Therefore, in regions with a high risk of childhood anaemia, individual-level and community-level factors should be intensified by allocating additional resources and providing appropriate and tailored strategies.

scholarly journals Analysis of bovine cysticercosis in the state of Goiás, Brazil and economical losses for beef farms

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
FERNANDA MARTINS DE AQUINO ◽  
VANDO EDÉSIO SOARES ◽  
GABRIEL AUGUSTO MARQUES ROSSI ◽  
LUIZ ANTÔNIO CARDOSO DANIN ◽  
JOÃO EDUARDO NICARETTA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
The State ◽  
Beef Production ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Bovine Cysticercosis ◽  
Prophylactic Measures ◽  
Economical Losses

SUMMARY This study aimed to assess the prevalence and spatial distribution of bovine cysticercosis in the state of Goiás, Brazil; to verify its association with epidemiological variables, and to establish the economical losses for beef farms. A set of 23 255 979 bovines from 246 municipalities were slaughtered from 2007 through 2014. The prevalence of bovine cysticercosis was 0·53% [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0·5295–0·5354]. The Central mesoregion showed a higher risk [odds ratio (OR) = 4·44; 95% CI 4·2936–4·5895] for detecting infected animals with cysticerci compared with those raised at North and Northeast mesoregion (OR = 1·02 and OR = 1·02). The microregion of Goiânia had a higher risk for bovine cysticercosis occurrence (OR = 11·05, 95% CI 10·6933–11·4099) compared with the microregion of São Miguel do Araguaia (OR = 1). None of the epidemiological variables evaluated in this study was significantly associated (P &gt; 0·05) with bovine cysticercosis prevalence. In conclusion, the prevalence of bovine cysticercosis in the state of Goiás, Brazil, was 0·53% and some mesoregions and microregions presented a higher risk for its occurrence. The economical losses due to its occurrence during the period ranged from US$9 260 728·57 to 11 313 816·67. These results highlighted the needs of adopting prophylactic measures and the development of political strategies in specific regions in order to control this zoonose and reduce the economical losses for beef production chain and the costs for public health.

scholarly journals Analysis of Malaria Incidence in Banyumas Using Spacial-Temporal Approach

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Supriyanto Supriyanto ◽  
Nunung Nurhayati ◽  
Dwi Sarwani Sri Rejeki
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Malaria Incidence ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Distribution ◽  
Spatial Clusters ◽  
Risk Areas ◽  
Unstable Transmission

Malaria still becomes a public health problem in Indonesia although has declined the last decades. The incidences of malaria in Banyumas shows unstable transmission and still risk of epidemic . Thus, the spatial and temporal distribution is required as part of efforts towards the elimination of malaria in Banyumas. Temporal spatial statistical methods is used to identify a group of malaria incidence at the district level. Purely spatial clusters of malaria incidence from 2004 to 2015 shows that the disease is not distributed randomly in the study area. A total of nine districts of high risk is determined by analysis of Morans I. The analysis showed that by the Morans I test, there is spatial autocorrelation found in the percentage malaria incidence from 2004 to 2015 in Banyumas. The use of the model can provide a means to detect the spatial distribution, temporal, and spatiotemporal malaria, as well as to identify areas of high risk of malaria. This research may help in prioritizing resources on high-risk areas for malaria control in the future and towards the elimination of malaria in Banyumas.

scholarly journals Espacialização e Sazonalidade da Precipitação Pluviométrica do Estado de Goiás e Distrito Federal (Seasonality and Spatial Distribution of Rainfall in the State of Goiás and Federal District)

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Camargos Costa ◽  
Francisco Marcuzzo ◽  
Osmar M. Ferreira ◽  
Lucas R. Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Federal District ◽  
The State ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Distribution ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Air Mass ◽  
Historical Series ◽  
Northeastern State ◽  
Distrito Federal

A importância do estudo da precipitação pluviométrica por meio de séries históricas é de grande valor para entender sua distribuição espacial e sazonal. Desta forma, o objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar um estudo da sazonalidade, distribuição espacial total e mensal da precipitação pluviométrica do Estado de Goiás e do Distrito Federal. Os dados da série histórica de 1974 a 2008, com um total de 107 estações pluviométricas, resultando em 35 anos de dados da ANA (Agência Nacional das Águas). Como resultados são apresentados mapas com a distribuição espacial e temporal, total e sazonal das chuvas. Concluiu-se que o regime de chuvas para o Estado de Goiás e Distrito Federal é análogo durante os anos, com algumas variações no nordeste do Estado de Goiás advinda da massa de ar atlântica continental. Neste estudo verificou-se que, no período classificado como úmido, nos meses de outubro a abril, o valor acumulado de precipitação atinge 2.300 mm na região norte de Goiás. O intervalo entre os meses de maio e setembro, que correspondem ao período seco, o valor acumulado de precipitação pluviométrica fica entre 100 a 400 mm para Goiás. Palavras-chave: Chuva, interpolação matemática, pluviometria. Seasonality and Spatial Distribution of Rainfall in the State of Goiás and Federal District ABSTRACT The importance of studying through time series is of great value to understand their spatial distribution and seasonal. The objective of this paper is to present a study of seasonality, spatial distribution and total monthly rainfall in the state of Goiás and Distrito Federal. The data formed the historical series from 1974 to 2008, with a total of 107 rainfall stations, resulting in 35 years of data. Results are presented as maps with the spatial and temporal distribution, and total seasonal rainfall for the state of Goiás and Distrito Federal is similar over the years, with some variations in the northeastern state of Goiás coming from the Atlantic Continental air mass. In this study it was found that months from October to April, the levels of precipitation reaches 2300mm in northern Goiás. The interval between the months of May and September, corresponding to the dry period the rainfall rates are between 100 a 400mm for Goiás. Key-words: Rain, mathematical interpolation, pluviometric.

scholarly journals Portrait of leptospirosis in the State of Acre, Brazil

10.3823/2337 ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eloizy Mariana Dias de Medeiros Cirilo Costa ◽  
Ivina Gomes Lucena ◽  
Kalina Ligia Alves de Medeiros Januário ◽  
Milena Nunes Alves de Sousa
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
The State ◽  
Bacterial Disease ◽  
Unified Health System ◽  
Microsoft Word

Introduction: Leptospirosis is an acute bacterial disease, that has global distribution and manifests itself in subclinical or asymptomatic way, having mild or severe conditions that can lead to the death of the patient. Objective: To identify, among the municipalities of the state of Acre, Brazil, those with the highest incidence of leptospirosis between 2010 and 2015, and in addition, to determine the prevalence of this disease between the sexes. Methods: Descriptive study, of documentary character, with epidemiological base and quantitative approach. It was made by available documents through the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System of Brazil (DATASUS) and also by the Health Secretary of State of Acre (SESACRE). Variables were selected as sex, age and year of notification. Regarding the analysis, it is emphasized that it was quantitative and descriptive and the results were presented in tables built in Microsoft Word. Results: It was found that the capital of the state of Acre, Rio Branco, led every year, contributing to the higher proportion of notifications related to leptospirosis. Regarding gender, there was a predilection for males and among age groups, the period of 20 to 39 years contributes to the greater number of cases of the disease. Conclusion: Leptospirosis is a worldwide public health problem and in the state of Acre, the high rainfall, the agglomeration of low income combined with inadequate sanitation, collaborate to infestation of transmitters animals, providing high rates of the disease. Thus, it appears that these high numbers can probably be attributed to the ineffectiveness of preventive activities, as well as insufficient investment directed to social policies and infrastructure sectors. Keywords: Infectious Disease. Leptospirosis. Prevalence. Incidence.

Identifying changes in trends in the age standardized incidence of melanoma in Australia

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 250-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M Hille
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Iterative Process ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Piecewise Linear ◽  
Health Issue ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Piecewise Linear Regression ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
Males And Females

ObjectiveTo identify changes in the linear trend of the age-standardized incidence of melanoma in Australia for all persons, males, and females. MethodsA two-piece piecewise linear regression was fitted to the data. The piecewise breakpoint varied through an iterative process to determine the model that best fits the data.ResultsStatistically significant changes in the trendof the age-standardized incidence of melanoma in Australia were found for all persons, males, and females. The optimal breakpoint for all persons and males was at 1998. For females, the optimal breakpoint was at 2005. The trend after these breakpoints was flatter than prior to the breakpoints, but still positive.ConclusionMelanoma is a significant public health issue in Australia. Overall incidence continues to increase. However, the rate at which the incidence is increasing appears to be decreasing.

DAMPAK VOLATILITAS HARGA MINYAK DI INDONESIA TERHADAP PENYESUAIAN KESEIMBANGAN FISKAL

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-52
Author(s):  
Mahpud Sujai
Keyword(s):  
Linear Trend ◽  
The State ◽  
Oil Price ◽  
Output Gap ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Price Changes ◽  
Potential Output ◽  
Budget Cycle ◽  
Actual Output ◽  
The Impact

This paper is intended to analyze the effect of oil price changes on potential output and actual output in the state budget cycle and identifies the output gap which is the difference between potential output and actual output. The research methodology uses a quantitative approach to analyze problems that occur related to the impact of oil price changes to the state budget cycle. Data analysis was carried out through the approach cyclically adjusted fiscal balance with a simplified approach. This research identified that the potential output is likely to continue increasing in line with Indonesia's oil price trends which is continue to rise following the world oil price movements. In calculating the output gap using a linear trend and HP filter, the result is fuctuating depend on the percentage changes in both potential output and actual output. This paper concludes that Indonesian oil price (ICP) has a significant impact on changes in the state budget cycle. If oil prices rise, the output gap between potential output and actual output is greater, and vice versa. This will make the budget vulnerable to shock that occurs as an external infuence.

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