scholarly journals Geoprocessamento Aplicado ao Levantamento de Solos no Município de Inconfidentes-MG (GIS Applied to the Soil Survey in the City of Inconfidentes-MG)

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alisson Cesar Da Cunha Souza ◽  
Márcio Luiz Da Silva

A identificação e mapeamento dos solos servem como subsidio para planejamentos agrícolas, levantamentos do uso da terra, estudos de terras para irrigação, estudos de preservação, análise e recuperação ambientais, predição de desastres naturais como o monitoramento de processos erosivos, dentre outros. Nesse sentido, os levantamentos e avaliações de solo, para fins agrícolas ou não, ganham importância, pois através deles é possível conhecer as propriedades desse recurso natural, permitindo sua utilização de forma consciente e adequada. O uso de sistemas de informações geográficas tem introduzido novos métodos para o levantamento e mapeamento de solos, por meio de modelagens, a partir da utilização de mapas temáticos básicos e modelos numéricos de terreno ou modelos digitais de elevação, que possibilitam, principalmente, a compreensão das relações entre a paisagem e as classes de solo. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi a realização do levantamento e mapeamento dos solos do município de Inconfidentes - MG, utilizando técnicas de geoprocessamento, e a classificação pedológica até o quarto nível categórico através da generalização, a partir da descrição morfológica e determinações analíticas de perfis de solos representativos. Foi realizada a caracterização da área de estudos, a aquisição e tratamento de dados cartográficos. A descrição morfológica dos perfis foi realizada em pontos previamente definidos, representativos das distintas classes de solo do município. As análises físico-químicas foram realizadas em todas as amostras dos horizontes dos perfis de solos coletados em campo. A generalização do levantamento de solos foi elaborada através do processamento dos dados cartográficos e obtidos em campo, com a utilização do software ArGIS 9.3. O mapeamento pedológico do município foi então o resultado da integração e correlação dos dados altimétricos, da declividade, da rede de drenagem, do canal fluvial, do relevo e da litologia, associados com a caracterização feita em campo e as determinações analíticas. Como resultado, foi possível mapear as áreas de ocorrência de Latossolos, Gleissolos e Cambissolos, as três ordens de solos mais representativos do município, classificando-os até o quarto nível categórico. O uso das ferramentas de geotecnologia se mostrou muito útil para a caracterização das classes pedológicas e posterior generalização, uma vez que através delas foi possível inferir as condições ambientais de formação dos solos e integrá-los com dados de campo e análises laboratoriais.  ABSTRACT The identification and mapping of soils serve as subsidy for agricultural planning, land use surveys, land studies for irrigation, preservation studies, environmental analysis and recovery, prediction of natural disasters such as monitoring erosion, among others. In this sense, soil surveys and assessments, for agricultural purposes or not, become important because through them you can know the properties of this natural resource, allowing its use consciously and appropriately. The use of geographic information systems has introduced new methods to survey and soil mapping, through modeling, from the use of basic thematic maps and numerical terrain models and digital elevation models, which enable, especially, understanding the relationship between the landscape and the soil classes. The objective of this work was the completion of the survey and mapping of soils of city of Inconfidentes - MG, using geoprocessing techniques, and the pedological classification until the fourth categorical level by generalising from the morphological description and analytical profiles determinations representative soil. It was carried out to characterize their field of study, the acquisition and processing of cartographic data. The morphological description of the profiles was held in fixed locations, representative of the different soil classes of the municipality. The physicochemical analyzes were performed on all samples from the horizons of soil profiles collected in the field. Widespread soil survey was prepared by processing the cartographic data obtained in the field and, with the use of ArGIS 9.3 software. The pedological mapping of the municipality was then the result of the integration and correlation of altimetry data, the slope, the drainage network, the river channel, relief and lithology associated with the characterization made in the field and the analytical determinations. As a result, it was possible to map the areas of occurrence of Ferrasols, Cambisols and Gleysols, the three most representative soils of the municipality orders, sorting them until the fourth categorical level. The use of geotechnology tools proved very useful for the characterization of soil classes and subsequent generalization, since through them it was possible to infer the environmental conditions of soil formation and integrate them with field data and laboratory analysis. Keywords: Cambisols, Gleysols, Ferrasols, classification, hillslope.

Author(s):  
Emily L. Hiltz

This essay examines Suzanne Collins’s monstrous “mutts” in her phenomenally popular series The Hunger Games. Hiltz is especially interested in Collins’s characterization of human-animal hybrids, investigating the relationship between the political commentary at work in the novels and these “monsters,” from the half-wolf, half-humans that nearly overtake Katniss at the Cornucopia in the first novel to the lizard-humans whispering her name throughout the viaducts beneath the city in the last. Hiltz focuses on the mutts as abject creatures, demonstrating the ways in which these uncanny monsters, quite literally making the familiar strange, are at once metaphors for the political control exerted by the Capitol, the rebels’ resistance to the Capitol’s power, and the disruption of natural order. She also concentrates on Katniss and Peeta muttations, each of them reformed by warring entities in service of “the greater good.” Most importantly, Hiltz emphasizes that Collins’s mutts are designed to demonstrate the fine and wavering line between good and evil, calling into question the nature of monstrosity, especially as it relates to human behavior. Her location of monstrosity in the protagonists themselves especially offers a new way of thinking about teen dystopic novels that engage horror as a means of conveying identities assaulted by external forces.


2018 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 195
Author(s):  
Luiz Antonio Gloger Maroneze ◽  
Jamile Cezar de Moraes ◽  
Mary Sandra Guerra Ashton

O objetivo desse artigo é analisar os projetos culturais Clic Fotográfico Turístico e Caminhos da Memória e suas contribuições para a discussão da cidadania em Caxias do Sul, RS. Quanto à metodologia, foram utilizadas a pesquisa bibliográfica e a documental para a constituição da base conceitual e a caracterização dos dois projetos respectivamente. Além da observação participante ao projeto Caminhos da Memória, aplicação de questionários e realização de entrevistas. Como resultados, verificou-se que as duas atividades propõem reflexões a respeito do patrimônio cultural caxiense, bem como da relação entre os residentes e a cidade por meio de uma visão voltada à cidadania. Tanto o conceito turista cidadão como a metodologia da educação patrimonial estão inseridas nas políticas públicas municipais, a fim de motivar a sociedade a participar ativamente na valorização da cultura, da identidade local e da memória para o desenvolvimento de Caxias do Sul.Palavras-chave: Turismo. Projetos culturais. Caxias do Sul/RS.ABSTRACTThis article aims at analyzing the cultural projects Clic Fotográfico Turístico and Caminhos da Memória and their contributions to the discussion on citizenship in Caxias do Sul/RS. With regard to the methodology, bibliographic and documentary researches have been carried out to build up the conceptual basis and the characterization of both projects, respectively. Besides participant observations in the project Caminhos da Memória, further investigation took place through questionnaires and interviews. As a result, the projects offer reflections on the cultural heritage from Caxias do Sul/RS, as well as on the relationship between residents and the city, through a citizenship perspective. Likewise, the citizen tourist concept and the heritage education methodology are inserted in the local public policies in order to motivate the society to actively participate in the enhancement of the local culture, identity and memory, for the development of Caxias do Sul.Keywords: Tourism. Cultural projects. Caxias do Sul/RS.


Author(s):  
V. I. Roslikova ◽  
◽  
T. I. Matveenko ◽  
L. P. Mayorova ◽  
◽  
...  

Urban soils are a complex transformed system. The most widespread over the the city area is technogenic lithogenesis, which determines the formation of new deposits with different properties. The researchers use the substantial genetic classification of trasformed soils and soil formations in industrial zones of the city of Khabarovsk. The basis for the selection of the horizon sequence is the classical ABC system. In the morphological description of the sections, attention is drawn to the newly formed soil bodies formed on modern deposits of different genesis, as well as to their position in elementary landscapes. Indicators of respiratory activity and phytotoxicity of soils permit to consider changes in their biological activity under the anthropogenic pressure. The research results presented have shown that there is no firm attribution of respiratory activity to soil formations in industrial zones; in each industrial zone, it is due to the functional type of sediments. The spatial variation of biological activity is significant and, in general, lies within its low values. The results obtained indicate the need to select specific remediation measures for each industrial zone, according to the soil formation state.


1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. de Jong ◽  
D. F. Acton ◽  
L. M. Kozak

Mineral composition of the parent material is a major factor controlling natural radioactivity of soils. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between the natural radioactivity of 18 till and six lacustrine parent materials and their properties measured during soil surveys. Gamma spectroscopy was used to estimate 40K and daughters of 238U and 232Th; neutron activation analysis was used to determine total U; and alpha counting was used to measure 222Rn release from the soil. The amounts of the various radioisotopes were positively correlated with each other and with clay content; the correlation with sand content was negative; and the correlations with silt and inorganic C content were generally not significant. Adding the fine/total clay ratio as a further independent variable considerably improved the correlation between 40K and clay content. The data suggested considerable disequilibrium in the 238U decay chain, which appeared to be in part related to the mode of deposition of the parent materials. Soil survey information — in particular, texture — thus appears a readily available tool for preliminary screening of terrestrial radiation in Saskatchewan. Key words: Radioactivity, 40K, uranium, thorium, radon, texture


2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.10) ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
T Subramani ◽  
K A.Niasi

Digital elevation models (DEMs) represent the total topography, surface flow is one of the more important data sources for deriving variables used by numerous hydrologic models. A lot of research has been directed to address vulnerability related with error in digital height models (DEMs) and the spread of blunder to determined terrain parameters. This audit unites a discourse of research in major topical regions identified with DEM vulnerability that influence the utilization of DEMs for hydrologic applications. The work is to give some understanding into the characterization of elevation data quality and the relationship amongst topography and water assets models. A key characteristic of circulated displaying is the spatially factor portrayal of the watershed as far as topography, vegetative, or land use/cover, soils and impenetrable territories and the subordinate model parameters that represent the hydrologic procedures of infiltration, evapotranspiration, and runoff. In our study, application of DEM and deriving hydrological parameters using remote sensing and GIS technology at Nelliampathy hill, Kerala.  


Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Eric Tokuda ◽  
Cesar Comin ◽  
Roberto Cesar ◽  
Luciano Costa

The spatial organization and the topological organization of cities have a great influence on the lives of their inhabitants, including mobility efficiency. Entropy has been often adopted for the characterization of diverse natural and human-made systems and structures. In this work, we apply the exponential of entropy (evenness) to characterize the uniformity of city blocks. It is suggested that this measurement is related to several properties of real cities, such as mobility. We consider several real-world cities, from which the logarithm of the average shortest path length is also calculated and compared with the evenness of the city blocks. Several interesting results have been found, as discussed in the article.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-112
Author(s):  
Imra Imra ◽  
Ira Maya Abdiani ◽  
Mohammad Fadnan ◽  
Tiara Tiara ◽  
Achmad Maulana ◽  
...  

Gulamah fish is a bycatch that is commonly found in the waters of the City of Tarakan. Gulamah fish in Tarakan City is processed into salted fish which produces offal waste and swimming bubbles. Swimming bubbles are known to have high collagen content. The purpose of this study was to obtain information about the length relationship between fish weight and swim bladder as well as the collagen characteristics of the gulamah swim bladder. The research was conducted in 2 stages, namely the length-weight analysis stage with swimming bubbles, and the second stage, namely the extraction and characterization of collagen from the swimming bladder of gulamah fish. The relationship between fish length and weight is a positive allometric, while the relationship between fish length and fish weight and swimming bladder of fish is a negative allometry. The physical chemical parameters of collagen obtained water content values of 29.28% - 29.30%, protein 2.86% - 2.88%, fat 9.53% - 9.55% and viscosity 11.5 ?sp.Gulamah fish is a bycatch that is commonly found in the waters of the City of Tarakan. Gulamah fish in Tarakan City is processed into salted fish which produces offal waste and swimming bubbles. Swimming bubbles are known to have high collagen content. The purpose of this study was to obtain information about the length relationship between fish weight and swim bladder as well as the collagen characteristics of the gulamah swim bladder. The research was conducted in 2 stages, namely the length-weight analysis stage with swimming bubbles, and the second stage, namely the extraction and characterization of collagen from the swimming bladder of gulamah fish. The relationship between fish length and weight is a positive allometric, while the relationship between fish length and fish weight and swimming bladder of fish is a negative allometry. The physical chemical parameters of collagen obtained water content values of 29.28% - 29.30%, protein 2.86% - 2.88%, fat 9.53% - 9.55% and viscosity 11.5 ?sp.


2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-116
Author(s):  
Fidelis Narut ◽  
Abdul Wahid ◽  
Sumawan Sumawan

Abstrak Telah dilakukan penelitian berkaitan dengan karakterisasi peristiwa petir diwilayah  kota Kupang serta keterkaitannya dengan curah hujan. Total kejadian curah hujan untuk wilayah kota Kupang pada tahun 2013 adalah sebesar 1.956 mm, tahun 2014 sebesar 1.402 mm, tahun 2015 sebesar 1.324 mm dan tahun 2016 total curah hujannya adalah 920 mm. Dari analisis curah hujan pertahun untuk wilayah kota kupang diperoleh bahwa secara umum kota kupang memiliki tipe pola hujan monsunal. Sambaran CG tahun 2013 berjumlah 61.852 sambaran, tahun 2014 berjumlah 234.452 sambaran, tahun 2015 berjumalh 109.915 sambaran CG, tahun 2016 berjumlah 118.753 sambaran. Berdasarkan pengolahan data sebaran sambaran CG untuk wilayah Kota Kupang dari tahun 2013-2016 diperoleh bahwa wilayah yang banyak terjadi sambaran petir tiap tahunnya adalah wilayah Oebobo. Nilai korelasi (r) antara petir CG dan curah hujan pada tiap tahun diperoleh pada tahun 2013 sebesar 0,859, tahun 2014 nilai korelasi sebesar 0,787, tahun 2015 sebesar 0,914, dan pada tahun 2016 sebesar 0,809. Berdasarkan hasil uji korelasi maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa hubungan antara curah hujan dan sambaran CG di wilayah kota Kupang memiliki hubungan yang searah. Kata kunci: petir cloud-to-ground (CG), curah hujan, korelasi Abstract [CHARACTERIZATION OF LIGHTNING EVENTS IN KUPANG CITY AREA AND THEIR CORRESPONDENCE WITH RAINFALL]. The research about analysis of characterization of lightning events in kupang city area and their correspondence with rainfall. The total rainfall for the city of Kupang in 2013 is 1,956 mm, 2014 by 1,402 mm, 2015 by 1,324 mm and in 2016 the total rainfall is 920 mm. From the analysis of rainfall per year for the city area Kupang obtained that in general Kupang city has a type of monsoonal rain pattern. The CG of 2013 is 61,852 strikes, 2014 of 234,452 strikes, 2015 of 109,915 CG strikes, 2016 of 118,753 strikes. Based on data processing spread of CG to Kupang City area from year 2013-2016 obtained that the area that happened many lightning strike every year is Oebobo area. Correlation value (r) between CG lightning and rainfall in each year is obtained in 2013 of 0.859, 2014 correlation value of 0.787, 2015 of 0.914, and in 2016 of 0.809. Based on the results of correlation test it can be concluded that the relationship between rainfall and CG strikes in the city of Kupang has a direct relationship. Keywords: Cloud-to-Ground (CG) lightning, rainfall, correlation


Author(s):  
D. F. Blake ◽  
L. F. Allard ◽  
D. R. Peacor

Echinodermata is a phylum of marine invertebrates which has been extant since Cambrian time (c.a. 500 m.y. before the present). Modern examples of echinoderms include sea urchins, sea stars, and sea lilies (crinoids). The endoskeletons of echinoderms are composed of plates or ossicles (Fig. 1) which are with few exceptions, porous, single crystals of high-magnesian calcite. Despite their single crystal nature, fracture surfaces do not exhibit the near-perfect {10.4} cleavage characteristic of inorganic calcite. This paradoxical mix of biogenic and inorganic features has prompted much recent work on echinoderm skeletal crystallography. Furthermore, fossil echinoderm hard parts comprise a volumetrically significant portion of some marine limestones sequences. The ultrastructural and microchemical characterization of modern skeletal material should lend insight into: 1). The nature of the biogenic processes involved, for example, the relationship of Mg heterogeneity to morphological and structural features in modern echinoderm material, and 2). The nature of the diagenetic changes undergone by their ancient, fossilized counterparts. In this study, high resolution TEM (HRTEM), high voltage TEM (HVTEM), and STEM microanalysis are used to characterize tha ultrastructural and microchemical composition of skeletal elements of the modern crinoid Neocrinus blakei.


Author(s):  
A.K. Rai ◽  
A.K. Petford-Long ◽  
A. Ezis ◽  
D.W. Langer

Considerable amount of work has been done in studying the relationship between the contact resistance and the microstructure of the Au-Ge-Ni based ohmic contacts to n-GaAs. It has been found that the lower contact resistivity is due to the presence of Ge rich and Au free regions (good contact area) in contact with GaAs. Thus in order to obtain an ohmic contact with lower contact resistance one should obtain a uniformly alloyed region of good contact areas almost everywhere. This can possibly be accomplished by utilizing various alloying schemes. In this work microstructural characterization, employing TEM techniques, of the sequentially deposited Au-Ge-Ni based ohmic contact to the MODFET device is presented.The substrate used in the present work consists of 1 μm thick buffer layer of GaAs grown on a semi-insulating GaAs substrate followed by a 25 Å spacer layer of undoped AlGaAs.


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