scholarly journals Hinterland connectivity as a driver of the development of competitiveness of Polish ports in the post-EU accession period

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maciej Tarkowski ◽  
Sławomir Goliszek ◽  
Tadeusz Bocheński
Keyword(s):  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Container Terminals ◽  
Eu Accession ◽  
Infrastructural Development ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Sea Ports ◽  
Port Competitiveness ◽  
The Eu

Academic research has indicated that port competitiveness is multidimensional. Although a wide range of drivers of port competitiveness has already been determined, particular ports seem to use different sets of them at different development stages. This paper argues that significant growth in transhipment in Polish ports results from infrastructural development and mainly from enhanced hinterland connectivity. Before Poland had joined the EU, the hinterland connectivity was so underdeveloped that it was more convenient for many companies to use services of the German North Sea ports. However, with EU funds, road investments, travel times between the ports and hinterland have shortened by at least one-quarter. Moreover, the development of railway lines as well as the increase in the number of intermodal container terminals in the hinterland have also improved accessibility to the ports. Rail transport is especially significant for maintaining the competitiveness of ports at times of cutting-edge industry change, increasing the role of economies of scale in shipping.

7. Challenging EU action or inaction

2019 ◽  
pp. 312-355
Author(s):  
Elspeth Berry ◽  
Matthew J. Homewood ◽  
Barbara Bogusz
Keyword(s):  
Member States ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
Locus Standi ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Complete Series ◽  
Explanatory Text ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Primary Materials ◽  
The Eu

Titles in the Complete series combine extracts from a wide range of primary materials with clear explanatory text to provide readers with a complete introductory resource. This chapter discusses the role of the Court of Justice in ensuring that the rule of law in the EU is observed both by Member States and EU Institutions. The chapter examines infringement actions under Article 258 TFEU, and financial penalties for Member States under Article 260 TFEU. The discussion of judicial review considers acts that may be challenged; who can bring an action under Article 263 TFEU; permissible applicants under Article 263 TFEU; non-privileged applicants; reforming the criteria for locus standi for non-privileged applicants. The chapter also explains the grounds for annulment; the effect of annulment; the plea of illegality; failure to act; and the relationship between Article 263 TFEU and Article 265 TFEU.

scholarly journals The digital transformation of the healthcare industry: exploring the rise of emerging platform ecosystems and their influence on the role of patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1033-1069
Author(s):  
Sebastian Hermes ◽  
Tobias Riasanow ◽  
Eric K. Clemons ◽  
Markus Böhm ◽  
Helmut Krcmar
Keyword(s):  
Digital Health ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Healthcare Industry ◽  
Value Capture ◽  
Digital Platforms ◽  
Systems Research ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Platform Ecosystems

AbstractWhile traditional organizations create value within the boundaries of their firm or supply chain, digital platforms leverage and orchestrate a platform-mediated ecosystem to create and co-create value with a much wider array of partners and actors. Although the change to two-sided markets and their generalization to platform ecosystems have been adopted among various industries, both academic research and industry adoption have lagged behind in the healthcare industry. To the best of our knowledge current Information Systems research has not yet incorporated an interorganizational perspective of the digital transformation of healthcare. This neglects a wide range of emerging changes, including changing segmentation of industry market participants, changing patient segments, changing patient roles as decision makers, and their interaction in patient care. This study therefore investigates the digital transformation of the healthcare industry by analyzing 1830 healthcare organizations found on Crunchbase. We derived a generic value ecosystem of the digital healthcare industry and validated our findings with industry experts from the traditional and the start-up healthcare domains. The results indicate 8 new roles within healthcare, namely: information platforms, data collection technology, market intermediaries, services for remote and on-demand healthcare, augmented and virtual reality provider, blockchain-based PHR, cloud service provider, and intelligent data analysis for healthcare provider. Our results further illustrate how these roles transform value proposition, value capture, and value delivery in the healthcare industry. We discuss competition between new entrants and incumbents and elaborate how digital health innovations contribute to the changing role of patients.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF E-HEALTH IN AUSTRIA, BULGARIA, CROATIA, ESTONIA AND SLOVAKIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 155-162
Author(s):  
Angel Georgiev
Keyword(s):  
Sound Recordings ◽  
Main Challenge ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Patient Will ◽  
Health Institutions ◽  
Electronic Health ◽  
Ongoing Support ◽  
Secure Transmission ◽  
The Eu

Electronic health services (e-Health) are now a fixed element of the health care system and cover a wide range of applications, such as the electronic health insurance card, the health record and an overview of medications, plus telemedicine. A prerequisite for this is the secure transmission of medical data for preventive medicine, diagnosis, treatment and the ongoing support of patients in the form of text, sound recordings and/or images. Uneven development of eHealth solutions within the EU27 remains a major obstacle in providing European citizens with a satisfying access to cross-border healthcare and the main challenge for the EU is harmonizing the systems. The slow shift of the paradigm centralizing the role of the patient will become more rapid making our assumptions about the savings thanks to the technology even more conservative than they are. Building on the trust that Europeans have in health institutions and the way they convey themselves is essential.

scholarly journals A Look Behind the Scenes: Danish Renaissance Martial Arts during the Reign of Christian IV

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-45
Author(s):  
Claus Frederik Sørensen
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Martial Arts ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Martial Art ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Many

Abstract From the 4th – 7th of July 2016, the annual International Medieval Congress was held in Leeds, England. Among the many different sessions two specifically addressed historical European martial arts. The first session discussed and commented upon modern practices and interpretations of historical European martial arts, each paper being based on good practice and the proper criteria for academic research. The second session, in which this paper was presented, went more “behind the scenes”, discussing the importance of thorough analysis of the historical context which remains essential to forming a foundation for solid hypotheses and interpretations. This article discusses and sheds light upon Danish historical martial art during the reign of the Danish King Christian IV (r.1588 to 1648). At this point in time Europe consisted of many small principalities in addition to a few larger states and kingdoms. Thoughts and ideas could spread as quickly as ripples in water but also be bound by political and religious alliances or enmities, plague, famine and not to mention the role also played by topographical and cultural differences. Thus, at times, vast cultural differences could be seen from region to region. To this should be added a wide range of social factors, such as the role of relationships and mentalities, and the obeying of unspoken norms and codes which can also affect modern researchers’ interpretations of what is shown or described. Therefore, the aim of this article is to provide a series of “behind the scenes” examples which all have the potential to affect hypotheses, interpretations, and overall understandings of the context of historical European martial arts.

scholarly journals Pozycja i rola Komisji Europejskiej w procedurze ochrony budżetu UE w przypadku uogólnionych braków w zakresie praworządności w państwach członkowskich

2021 ◽  
pp. 145-156
Author(s):  
Karol Piwoński
Keyword(s):  
European Commission ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The One ◽  
The Eu

The aim of this article is to analyse the position and role of the European Commission in the procedure provided in the regulation on a general regime of conditionality for the protection of the European Union’s budget. For this purpose the scheme of this procedure was analysed, by interpreting the relevant regulations using the dogmatic method and considering opinions of the EU institutions and views of the scholars. A comparative method has also been applied. The new position of the Commission in the procedure for protection of the EU budget has been compared with the position it plays in the existing instruments. The analysis made from the point of view of the position of individual institutions in the new procedure, although it does not allow predicting how they will be implemented. The conducted analysis demonstrates that the European Commission – an institution of Community character – has gained wide competences, and in applying them it has been given a wide range of discretion. On the one hand, the introduced regulations exemplify a new paradigm in creating mechanisms for protection of the rule of law. On the other hand, they raise doubts as to their compliance with EU law. However, they undoubtedly constitute a decisive step towards increasing the effectiveness of the EU's instruments for the rule of law protection.

7. Challenging EU action or inaction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elspeth Berry ◽  
Matthew J. Homewood ◽  
Barbara Bogusz
Keyword(s):  
Member States ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
Locus Standi ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Complete Series ◽  
Explanatory Text ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Primary Materials ◽  
The Eu

Titles in the Complete series combine extracts from a wide range of primary materials with clear explanatory text to provide readers with a complete introductory resource. This chapter discusses the role of the Court of Justice in ensuring that the rule of law in the EU is observed both by Member States and EU Institutions. The chapter examines infringement actions under Article 258 TFEU, and financial penalties for Member States under Article 260 TFEU. The discussion of judicial review considers acts that may be challenged; who can bring an action under Article 263 TFEU; permissible applicants under Article 263 TFEU; non-privileged applicants; reforming the criteria for locus standi for non-privileged applicants. The chapter also explains the grounds for annulment; the effect of annulment; the plea of illegality; failure to act; and the relationship between Article 263 TFEU and Article 265 TFEU.

LGBT recognition in EU accession states: How identification with Europe enhances the transformative power of discourse

2016 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 748-772 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Vasilev
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Cultural Environment ◽  
Eu Accession ◽  
Transformative Power ◽  
Norm Diffusion ◽  
Discursive Strategies ◽  
Shared Identity ◽  
Lgbt Politics ◽  
The Eu

AbstractIn the EU accession literature, there is a tendency to downplay the role of discourse in facilitating norm diffusion, particularly when domestic resistance towards European norms is strong. The assumptions in this thinking are that critical deliberations and civil society activism simply lack the potency required to elicit norm conforming behaviour in accession states and that the only realistic hope for achieving this rests with the introduction of material incentives that make the costs of normative adaptation lower than its rewards. I focus on developments in the field of LGBT politics to challenge these assumptions and to specify the conditions under which discursive strategies are likely to stimulate the domestic uptake of contentious norms. I highlight shared identity as a crucial factor in the success of discursive influence, contending that under conditions of identity convergence, a cultural environment prevails in which norm promoters can more effectively ignite a process of deliberative reflection, shame norm-violators into conformance and cultivate resonance around controversial ideas. I develop these arguments through an analysis of LGBT and accession politics in Croatia and Serbia, contending that Croatia’s strong identification with Europe accelerated LGBT recognition there while Serbia’s relatively weaker identification with Europe slowed it down.

The eu–Turkey Joint Parliamentary Committee and Turkey’s eu Accession Process

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 196-214
Author(s):  
Valentina Rita Scotti
Keyword(s):  
Democratic Transition ◽  
European Parliament ◽  
Discussion Forum ◽  
Eu Accession ◽  
National Assembly ◽  
Parliamentary Committee ◽  
Accession Process ◽  
Role Of Religion ◽  
The Eu

After the Treaties of Rome in 1957, Turkey started negotiations with the European Communities to define a framework for cooperation. The result was the Ankara Agreement (1965), which established economic cooperation and provided for an eu–Turkey Joint Parliamentary Committee (jpc), conceived as a discussion forum to encourage the democratic transition of Turkey. This article analyses the main phases and obstacles in Turkey’s accession process, focusing on relations between the European Parliament and the Grand National Assembly of Turkey, and on the effectiveness of European Parliament and jpc activities. The analysis particularly considers the respect for the Copenhagen political criteria with regard to minorities’ rights, the Cyprus dispute, and the role of religion in Turkey. The concluding remarks discuss the European Parliament’s role in overcoming the current deadlock in the Turkish accession process.

Pension policy in the czech republic (lessons from a comparative study with hungary and poland)

2000 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Mora
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Pension Reform ◽  
Pension Policy ◽  
Eu Accession ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
The Public ◽  
Pension Systems ◽  
Accession Process ◽  
The Eu

This article deals with pension policy in three most developed transition countries: the Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland. Unreformed public pension systems suffer under a number of deficiencies and it is likely that pension policy will be a part of negotiations in the EU accession process, mainly due to its fiscal and social impacts. The progress in pension reform made so far differs broadly among those three countries. Hungary has adopted a multi-pillar system in July 1998 with a significant role of mandatory, fully funded pillar. Poland has made important preparation steps in the same direction and the laws have recently been approved by the Parliament. In the Czech Republic the main importance is still attached to the public pay-as-you-go pillar which was in 1994 complemented by private capital pension funds. This article search for explanations of this different development and makes some minimum recommendations for the Czech pension policy. A warning for the Czech government should be that the most pension reforms have been implemented in countries where the old system stood before collapse or had already collapsed. The Czech Republic should not wait until this moment and should take immediate actions to avoid this danger.

scholarly journals Therapies with Emerging Evidence of Efficacy: Avotermin for the Improvement of Scarring

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jim Bush ◽  
Karen So ◽  
Tracey Mason ◽  
Nick L. Occleston ◽  
Sharon O'Kane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Normal Skin ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Us ◽  
Invasive Techniques ◽  
Visible Body ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Phase I And Ii

Many patients are dissatisfied with scars on both visible and non-visible body sites and would value any opportunity to improve or minimise scarring following surgery. Approximately 44 million procedures in the US and 42 million procedures in the EU per annum could benefit from scar reduction therapy. A wide range of non-invasive and invasive techniques have been used in an attempt to improve scarring although robust, prospective clinical trials to support the efficacy of these therapies are lacking. Differences in wound healing and scar outcome between early fetal and adult wounds led to interest in the role of the TGFβfamily of cytokines in scar formation and the identification of TGFβ3 (avotermin) as a potential therapeutic agent for the improvement of scar appearance. Extensive pre-clinical and human Phase I and II clinical trial programmes have confirmed the scar improving efficacy of avotermin which produces macroscopic and histological improvements in scar architecture, with improved restitution of the epidermis and an organisation of dermal extracellular matrix that more closely resembles normal skin. Avotermin is safe and well tolerated and is currently in Phase III of clinical development, with the first study, in patients undergoing scar revision surgery, fully recruited.

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