scholarly journals ECOLOGICAL PLASTICITY OF SPRING OATS IN THE CONDITIONS OF WESTERN SIBERIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 21-27
Author(s):  
M. A. Kozyrenko ◽  
V. N. Pakul ◽  
D. E. Androsov
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Dispersion Analysis ◽  
Yield Stability ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Ecological Plasticity ◽  
The Usa

The works presents the results of studying 165 specimen of spring oats from the world collection The N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Research Institute of Plant Genetic Resources. The research was conducted in the northern forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia in 2014-2016. The soil on which the research was done can be characterized as leached chernozem, heavy loam by texture and particle size distribution, of medium capacity. The content of humus equals 7.8%, reaction of soil solution is close to neutral, рН is 6.0. In the horizon of 0-40 cm the content of N-NO3 is 35.4mg/kg, P2O5 – 122 mg/kg, K2O – 98 mg/kg. An assessment is given to spring oat specimen by the parameters of ecological plasticity bi and yield stability Si2 . The research was conducted in the conditions characterized in accordance with the index of environmental conditions Ij. The most favourable conditions developed in 2016, when the environment index Ij equaled 109.2. Adverse conditions were identifi ed in 2014, when Ij equaled -46.25, and in 2015, when Ij equaled -62.99. By the results of the dispersion analysis the dominating infl uence of environmental conditions on the yield of spring oat specimen is established at 85.3%, the share of genotype infl uence is 2.6%. Eight specimen of spring oats proved to exceed Creole standard variety by yield with the trait variability being from 29.3% to 87.1%. Sources for creation of intensive type varieties, with high responsiveness to favorable conditions for growth and development are identifi ed: IL 86-1158 (to 14316, the USA), Jumbo (to 14702, Germany), Hamilton (to 14761, the USA), Talisman (to 14785, Russia), Omikho (to 14827, Russia), OA 269 (to 14992, Canada), Stayer (to 15181, Russia), Eclipse (to 15187, Russia). High-yielding genotypes which react to environmental conditions to a medium degree (bi is nearing a unit), and have high yield stability (Si2 is nearing zero) are defi ned, namely Express (to 14505, Russia), bi = 1.04, Si2 = 0.053, Yubilyar (to 14723, Belarus), bi = 0.92, Si2 = 0.070, C.I. 7321 (to 14737, the USA), bi = 1.09, Si2 = 0.076, Vallntin (to 15189, Slovakia), bi = 1.13, Si2 = 0.050, CDC Bell (to 14805, Canada), bi = 0.62, Si2 = 0.0065.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF YIELD AND ADAPTIVE POTENTIAL OF PEA VARIETIES IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE SOUTHERN FOREST STEPPE OF THE NORTHERN URALS

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-52
Author(s):  
Valeriy Sapega ◽  
Aleksandr Mitrikovskiy
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Regression Coefficient ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Comprehensive Assessment ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Adaptive Potential ◽  
Ecological Adaptability ◽  
Ecological Plasticity ◽  
Range Of Variation

The studies were carried out in 2015–2018 in the southern forest-steppe of Tyumen region in order to assess the yield, realize its potential and ecological plasticity of pea varieties admitted for use in the region, to identify the best genotypes. The material for the study was the data on the yield of eight varieties of peas. The index of environmental conditions and ecological plasticity were determined according to the method of S.A. Eberhart, W.A. Russell, the share of yield, relative to the average variety, and the realization of its potential - according to L.A. Zhivotkov and E.D. Nettevich, the yield range - according to V.A. Zykin. The index of environmental conditions in the years of testing varied from 0.89 (2015) to -1.04 (2016). Salamanca variety was characterized by the highest yield potential and the highest adaptability, in comparison with the average variety, in the most favorable (120.3%) and most unfavorable conditions (141.7%). On average for 2015–2018 the best in terms of yield was Omskiy 9 variety (1.98 t/ha). At the same time, the range of variation in the value of this indicator for the analyzed was significant - from 73.8% (Yamalskiy) to 89.0% (Kumir). Omskiy 9 variety (69.0%) was characterized by the highest value of the realization of the yield potential, and the lowest - Kumir (50.7%). The varieties Omskiy 9 (bi = 1.17), Kumir (bi = 1.13) and Salamanca (bi = 1.15) were characterized by the highest responsiveness to changes in environmental conditions - these are varieties of the intensive type. Weak responsiveness to changes in environmental conditions was found in the varieties Yamalsky (bi = 0.80) and Yamal (bi = 0.86). The varieties Batrak, Agrointel and Tomas, with a regression coefficient equal to or close to one, are classified as plastic. The Tomas variety was the most stable (Si2 = 0.16), the least - Kumir (Si2 = 15.98). On the basis of a comprehensive assessment of yield and parameters of ecological adaptability, the best varieties in the southern forest-steppe zone of Tyumen region were recognized as Omskiy 9 and Salamanca

“FLAGMAN” - NEW VARIETY OF BROMUS INERMIS

1970 ◽  
pp. 17-19
Author(s):  
N. I. Kashevarov ◽  
R. I. Polyudina ◽  
I. N. Kazarinova ◽  
D. А. Potapov
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Mass Selection ◽  
New Variety ◽  
Fodder Crops ◽  
Experimental Base ◽  
Siberian Research Institute ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

A new cultivar of smooth bromegrass (Bromopsis inermis Leyss) Flagman was developed by methods of mass selection and polycross. Breeding and wild forms of various ecological and geographical origins are used as an initial material. The authors of the cultivar: Kazarinova I.N., Polyudina R.I., Straub A.A., Gomasco S.K. Studies were conducted on the Central experimental base of the Siberian research Institute of fodder crops of the Siberian Federal Scientific Centre of Agro-BioTechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, located in the forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia (Novosibirsk region, Novosibirsk district, Krasnoobsk). The cultivar is mid-ripening: the period from the beginning of spring aftergrowing to mowing ripeness is 63-75 days and to full maturing of seeds is 95-111 days. The yield of dry matter is 8.3 t/ha, which exceeds the standard by 8%, seed yield - 0.62 t/ha, higher than the standard by 28%. The dry matter yield of the cultivar Flagman for the fourth year of use exceeded the standard by 23% and reached to 11.4 t/ha. The 1000 seeds weight is 3.0-3.4 g. The plant height is 90-140 cm. Tilling capacity is up to 40 stems per tuft. Foliage varies from 32 to 50% depending on the age of the grass and environment conditions. The resistance of the cultivar to brown rust and helminthosporiosis is higher than of the standard. The copyright certificate No. 71916 and patent No. 9653 were received.

scholarly journals The influence of mineral fertilizers on the mass of plant-root residues of grain crops on chernozem soils of the Western Siberia

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 03007
Author(s):  
D.V. Eremina
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Soil Science ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Grain Crops ◽  
Chernozem Soils

The influence of various levels of mineral nutrition on the accumulation of plant-root residues of spring wheat and oats in the conditions of the forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia is studied. The natural agricultural background of leached chernozem was taken as a control. The research was carried out at the station of the Department of Soil Science and Agrochemistry of the State Agrarian University of the Northern Trans-Urals. In the experiment, various doses of mineral fertilizers were used, ensuring the yield of grain crops from 3.0 to 6.0 t/ha. It was found that the mass of plant-root residues of spring wheat and oats has no significant differences and depends on the level of mineral nutrition. On the natural agricultural background, the mass of plant-root residues is 3.24-3.88 t/ha. Fertilization increases the yield of grain crops to 6.0 t/ha, and also increases the amount of plant-root residues: spring wheat - 4.47; oats – 6.04 t/ha. Increasing the doses of mineral fertilizers reduces the ratio of yield to the mass of plant-root residues from 1:1.6 to 1:1.10 units. It was found that almost half of the root system of spring wheat and oats is located in a layer of 0-10 cm, while the share of roots in a layer of 30-40 cm accounts for no more than 16% of the mass.

Limnoecosystems of the Kurgan region with domination in the zooplankton of the species group Daphnia (Daphnia)

2021 ◽  
pp. 8-21
Author(s):  
Oleg Vladimirovich Kozlov ◽  
Sergei Valer’evich Arshevsky ◽  
Ol’ga Vladimirovna Arshevskaya
Keyword(s):  
Western Siberia ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Maximum Density ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Small Lakes ◽  
South West ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Density And Biomass ◽  
Lake Waters

The paper presents data on the state of populations of species of the genus Daphnia in the ecosystems of small lakes in the forest-steppe zone of the south-west of Western Siberia, in which they are the highest trophic link. The research was conducted in 2017 on the territory of the Kurgan region. In total, 5 lakes (Lysanovo, Dolgoe, Golovka, Second Mogilnoye, Krutoyar) located between 66°30’ and 67°00 ‘ were studied.d. and 55°00’ and 55°30 ‘ s. The studied lakes are typical for the forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia. According to the chemical composition, the lake waters of the studied limnoecosystems can be attributed to the bicarbonate and chloride classes, the sodium group. 5 species of the genus Daphnia were found in the reservoirs: Daphnia (Daphnia) - D.(D.) pulex, D.(D.) obtusa, D.(D.) longispina, D.(D.) galeata, and Daphnia (Ctenodaphnia)- D. (C.) magna. Populations of D. (D.) pulex are found in all the studied reservoirs. The maximum density and biomass of crustaceans of this species is noted in Lake Mogilnoye of 51 thousand individuals/m² and 3.62 g/m², respectively. The minimum, in the lake Dolgoe – 3.8 thousand individuals/m² and 0.019 g/m². Of the other species, D. (C.) magna is most common-in three reservoirs. At the same time, there is a significant variability in the population density from 0.478 thousand. individuals/m² (Lake Krutoyar) up to 9,864 thousand. individuals/ m² (lake Dolgoe). D. (D.) longispina is found in two lakes – the Golovka (25,230 thousand. individuals/m²) and Krutoyar (6,428 thous. individuals/m²). The lowest occurrence is typical for D. (D.) obtusa (Lake Golovka) and D. (D.) galeata (Lake Lysanovo). The greatest species diversity of the genus Daphnia was observed in Lake Golovka (3 species) and Krutoyar (3 species). It is concluded that the studied limnoecosystems are characteristic daphnia reservoirs with the dominance of one or two species from the genus Daphnia.

Post-Soviet recovery of grassland vegetation on abandoned fields in the forest steppe zone of Western Siberia

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 2563-2580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Immo Kämpf ◽  
Wanja Mathar ◽  
Igor Kuzmin ◽  
Norbert Hölzel ◽  
Kathrin Kiehl
Keyword(s):  
Western Siberia ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Grassland Vegetation ◽  
Abandoned Fields

scholarly journals Influence of climatic conditions on productivity and adaptability of Camelina sativa

2020 ◽  
Vol 224 ◽  
pp. 04006
Author(s):  
E L Turina ◽  
T Ya Prakhova
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Camelina Sativa ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Hydrothermal Conditions ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Hydrothermal Coefficient ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
The Crimea

The purpose of the research is to assess the productivity and adaptability of Camelina sativa depending on the natural and climatic conditions of the forest-steppe zone of the Middle Volga region and the steppe Crimea. The researches were conducted in two regions (Penza and Crimea) with contrasting hydrothermal conditions in 2015–2019 years. Climate conditions in the years of researches were characterized by significant variability in both the degree of humidity and temperature regime in both regions. The hydrothermal coefficient in the Crimea varied in the range of 0.23–1.11, in the conditions of Penza - from 0.45 to 1.10. The index of environmental conditions varied from -0.58 to 1.28 units depending on the natural and climatic zone. On average, in 2015–2019, the productivity of Camelina changed from 1.45 to 1.79 t/ha in Penza and from 0.56 to 1.66 t/ha in Crimea. The highest yield of Camelina sativa was recorded in 2016 in Penza and in 2017 in the Crimea and amounted to 1.79 and 1.66 t/ha, respectively. The value of the index of environmental conditions is 1.17 and 1.28 with hydrothermal coefficient of 0.82 and 0.61, respectively. Depending on the conditions of the year and the region, the oil content varied from 33.9 to 43.9 %. At the same time, there is a tendency to decrease the amount of oil for all years of study in the direction from the Crimea to the zone of the Penza region. Camelina sativa is characterized by a high level of resistance to stressful conditions (0.49– 1.10), differs in environmental adaptability (bi=1.15–1.17), has a high fitness criterion, 41.2–41.5 g/m2, depending on the region.

scholarly journals Relationship of morphometric parameters of spring barley with yield

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 11-20
Author(s):  
S. V. Martynova ◽  
V. N. Pakul ◽  
D. E. Androsov
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Morphometric Parameters ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits

The assessment results of 106 samples of spring barley from the collection of the N.I. Vavilov AllRussian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources are presented. The effect of morphometric parameters of their productivity elements on the yield formation and the degree of their correlation is shown. The studies were conducted in 2016–2018 in a collection nursery in the forest-steppe zone of Kemerovo region. During the years of research, the meteorological conditions of the growing season were characterized by an acute moisture defi cit in May and June in 2016 and 2017 (hydrothermal coeffi cient HTC from 0.37 to 0.50) and then by excessive moisture level in 2018 (in June HTC = 2.41, in July HTC = 1.92). A signifi cant excess of yield compared to the standard Biome variety was found in two samples of spring barley from the Czech Republic: Jubilant and Svit (80.33 g) and a sample from Kazakhstan Ilek 1 (103.3 g). Eight spring barley samples showed excess of yield from a unit area compared to the standard variety from 26.6% to 63.0%. As for the complex of valuable features, the following varieties were revealed: Svit (Czech Republic), Azov (Rostov Region), Ilek 1, Ilek 16 (Kazakhstan), Shukran (Krasnodar). The closest relationship was established between the yield of spring barley and the morphometric indicators of the elements of its productivity: the number of productive stems per unit area (r = 0.8728), the biomass of the root system (r = 0.3598), the mass of 1000 grains (r = 0.3273), spike productivity (r = 0.3820). Varieties with the highest degree of economically valuable traits, selected from hybrid populations of VIR, are advisable to use for the breeding process in the soil and climatic conditions of Kemerovo region.

scholarly journals Influence of means of chemicalixation on efficiency of field crop rotations in the conditions of the forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia

2019 ◽  
pp. 40-43
Author(s):  
Valerii Viktorovich Chibis
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Increase In Productivity ◽  
Feed Protein

Results of researches of efficiency in short crop rotation with busy steam are given in this article. Researches were conducted in the Omsk district of the Omsk region on typical black soil, with the maintenance of humus of 6.7% (in a layer of earth of 0-30 cm).  Cultivation of field cultures against the background of application of means of chemicalixation was carried out in a crop rotation the occupied steam (green manure) – wheat – barley – oats. During the conducted researches the quantity and dynamics of moisture, the maintenance of the main macrocells in the soil, and efficiency of all crop rotation was defined. The received results allow to draw a conclusion that in a crop rotation with busy steam and four fields at application of means of chemicalixation the increase of a harvest of the first wheat for 45.2%, barley repeatedly 31.5% and oats for 9.9% is noted. Application of fertilizers, at the rate of N30P30 on 1 hectare of an arable land, and herbicides, provided increase in productivity grain on 0.53 t/hectare, an exit of grain of 0.44 t/hectare, and feed-protein units to 1.29 t/hectare. The resulting materials can be used in the development of crop rotations schemes for forest-steppe of Western Siberia.

scholarly journals Sources of characters useful for breeding in hulless barley

2020 ◽  
Vol 181 (3) ◽  
pp. 49-55
Author(s):  
N. V. Tetyannikov ◽  
N. A. Bome
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Lodging Resistance ◽  
Hulless Barley

Background. In the present-day situation, the problems pertaining to the nutritional quality of food and feed are quite pertinent for fodder production and cereal farming. The prospect to exploit hulless barley is regarded as a promising trend of agricultural research, because its grain contains chemical compounds of higher value than those in hulled barley. However, among the limiting factors of hulless barley cultivation, low yield should be mentioned, along with poor lodging resistance and susceptibility to fungal diseases. Therefore, the task of searching for and comprehensive studying of source material for hulless barley breeding is essential as the first step towards the development of high-yielding and adaptable cultivars.Materials and methods. Twenty hulless barley accessions, representing 15 botanical varieties, served as the target material for the study. Their genotypes were evaluated in the northern forest steppe environments of Tyumen Province (2015– 2017) according to the guidelines developed by the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR) and field trial methods by B. A. Dospekhov. Correlation analysis was used for statistical processing of experimental data.Results and conclusion. The degree of interactions between the studied characters was measured, and their effect size in the formation of the yield was shown for hulless barley accessions. An inverse correlation of medium strength (r = –0.37) was observed between plant height and lodging resistance, and a direct relationship between plant height and yield was recorded (r = 0.37). The yield was most closely associated with grain weight per plant (r = 0.61) and 1000 grain weight (r = 0.54). The research results showed that C.I.10975 (k-30624, Ethiopia), Liguleless (k-29894, Tajikistan), Schwarze Nackte Kraftborn (k-25788, Germany) and ‘De printempe’ (k-23491, France) had relatively high yield combined with a number of other useful traits. 

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