scholarly journals Relation Between Tiroid Status with Glycemic Control of Type 2 DM Patients at RSPAD Gatot Soebroto

Author(s):  
Kartika Yulianti ◽  
◽  
Aris Wibudi ◽  
Mila Citrawati ◽  
◽  
...  

ABSTRACT Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a group of symptoms that arise due to increased blood sugar levels. Diabetes Mellitus type 2 has a higher risk of developing thyroid dysfunction. Thyroid dysfunction can affect various body metabolism and result in insulin resistance, significantly affecting glycemic control in DM patients. This study aimed to determine the relation between thyroid status as assessed by the level of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (FT4), and glycemic control (HbA1c). Subjects and Method: A cross-sectional study. A sample of 38 DM patients was selected by purposive sampling. The dependent variable was glycemic control. The independent variables were TSH and FT4. Patients were classified into 4 quartiles (Q) based on their TSH and FT4 levels. Statistic test used was non parametric for category group of variables, which was Chi square test. Results: Mean of fasting blood glucose was 200,56 mg/dL (modus 137 mg/dL), mean of 2 hours post prandial blood glucose was 247 mg/dL (modus 305 mg/dL). Subjetcs with poor glycemic control dominated as much as 76%. Most subjects had TSH level at Q4 (36%), while most of the subjects had FT4 level at Q1 (34%). The results showed that 38 samples with poor glycemic control were 72% in the 4th quartile (Q4) (> 3.1750 mU / L) TSH, and 64.7% were in Q1 (≤ 11.8400) FT4. The analysis showed that there was a significant relation between TSH (p = 0.047) and FT4 (p = 0.041) with glycemic control in type 2 DM patients. Conclusion: FT4 and TSH levels relate to glycemic control in type 2 DM patients Keywords: TSH, FT4, HbA1c, Diabetes Mellitus Correspondence: Mila Citrawati. Department of Faal, Faculty of Medicine, UPN Veteran, Jakarta. Jl. RS Fatmawati, Pondok Labu, South Jakarta 12450, Telp. (021) 7656971. E-mail: [email protected]. Mobile: 081282990515 DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.05.12

Author(s):  
Reni Marlina ◽  
Ricke Loesnihari ◽  
Santi Syafril

The incidence of infection often occurs in patients with Diabetes Mellitus (DM) due to hyperglycemia that causes dysfunction of chemotaxis, phagocytic activity, malfunction of neutrophils and glycosuria. It is followed by other complications that lead to the malfunction of the bladder. Highly urinary glucose level is an exellent medium for pathogenic microorganisms growth. Asymptomatic Bacteriuria (ASB) is a risk factor for symptomatic urinary tract infection spontaneously or due to urinary catheters. This study aimed to analyze the association between the incidence of ASB of type 2 DM and glycemic control. The study was conducted during June-August 2016 with a cross-sectional method. Subjects were type 2 DM patients with age ≤60 years, who were treated in the Endocrinology Out-Patient Clinic of the Adam Malik Hospital. HbA1c was measured by Indiko automatic analyzer. Its association with urine culture results was analyzed. A total of 50 samples were enrolled, consisting of 25 females, and 25 males, with 19 having an exellent glycemic control (HbA1c <7%) and 31 with poor glycemic control (HbA1c ≥7%). Thirteen positive ASB were found, 5 with good glycemic control and 8 with poor glycemic control. Statistical analysis revealed a nonsignificant association between glycemic control and culture results (p = 1.000). Somers’d did not show a significant association between glycemic control and the incidence of ASB (p=0.968, d=-0.005). However, significant differences in culture results between gender, in which the ASB were found in samples of four females and two males (p=0.004). Somers’d revealed a significant association between culture results and gender (p=0.001; d=-0.360). Most of the bacteria found were Gram-negative. There was no significant association between glycemic control with an incidence of ASB. However, gender had significant differences in the incidence of ASB, which occurred more frequently in DM females than males. Urinalysis should be performed in patients with type 2 DM with ASB. However, further study was needed to analyze the relationship between glycemic control with the incidence of ASB and other factors that might affect the incidence of ASB.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-41
Author(s):  
Baiq Sofianti Annisa ◽  
Candra Eka Puspitasari ◽  
Siti Rahmatul Aini

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a disorder of insulin secretion, insulin action or both, which are characterized by blood glucose levels 200 mg/dl and / or fasting blood glucose levels 126 mg/dl. In 2017 Indonesia was recorded as the sixth largest country with DM in the world. The most common classification of diabetes is type 2 DM with an incidence 90-95%. The study aimed to determine the profile of antidiabetic use in type 2 DM patients at the outpatient installation of RSUD Provinsi NTB in 2018. This study used cross sectional design retrospectively with purposive sampling method for the period January-December 2018. The results showed that in 112 patients, 195 antidiabetic agents were prescribed. The antidiabetic prescribed were metformin (33.85%), glimepirid (25.13%), aspart insulin (13.33%), insulin detemir (8.21%), pioglitazone (6.67%), insulin glargine (6.67%), glyclazide (1.54%), gliquidone (1.54%), acarbose (1.54), regular insulin (1.03%), and insulin lispro (0.51%). Overall, antidiabetic use was in accordance with the guideline recommendations. Further research is needed regarding the review of prescriptions and detailed indications in order to increase rationality of drug use, reduce morbidity and mortality and reduce medical costs.


2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ginenus Fekadu ◽  
Kejela Bula ◽  
Getu Bayisa

Abstract Background: Diabetes is increasing at an alarming rate throughout the world and about 80% of diabetics’ lives in developing countries. Similar to the rest of sub Saharan African countries, Ethiopia is experiencing significant burden of diabetes with increased prevalence, complications and mortality as well as life threatening disabilities. Reasons for poor glycemic control in type 2 diabetes are complex and multivariable. Hence, this study was aimed to identify challenges and factors associated with poor glycemic control among type 2 diabetes patients. Method: A hospital based cross sectional study was conducted on type 2 diabetic patients attending diabetic clinic of Nekemte Referral Hospital (NRH) from February 1 to April 30, 2018. Fasting blood glucose of last three clinic visits were obtained and the mean fasting blood glucose measurements was used to determine the level of glycemic control. Analysis included both descriptive and inferential statistics with SPSS version 20.0. Predictor variable with P< 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Result: Out of the total 228 included type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients, 51.8% were males. The mean age of participants was 43±12.4 years and 154(67.5%) were found not following their general dietary program correctly. Nearly one third, 73(32%) of participants never attended diabetic education and 52(22.8%) of the patients had greater than 10 years’ duration on treatment. The majority, 148(64.9%) of patients had poor blood glucose control. Age range of 40-60 years (AOR=2.01, 95% CI 0.04-0.06, P=0.044), being illiterate (AOR = 3.12, 95 % CI 1.52-8.50, P=0.001), having informal education only (AOR=2.28, 95% CI 2.14-32.60, P=0.024), longer duration of diabetes treatment (>10 years) (AOR = 3.94, 95 % CI 1.51-27.83, P=0.012), inadequate physical exercise (AOR = 3.19, 95 % CI 1.05-19.84, P=0.019), smoking (AOR = 4.51, 95 % CI 0.00-0.50, p=0.022) were independent predictors of poor glycemic control up on a multivariable logistic regression analysis. Conclusion: Nearly two third of patients had poorly controlled diabetes. Age, exercise, level of education, duration of the treatment and smoking were significantly associated with poor glycemic control. Health facilities should provide continuous education as well as barriers of glycemic control should be explored with further research.


2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustapha Zainab Abubakar ◽  
Kabiru Abdulsalam ◽  
Isah A. Yahaya

Diabetes mellitus (DM) and thyroid disease are the two most common endocrine disorders in the general population. Several Studies have shown that thyroid dysfunction is common in patients with DM, and thyroid dysfunction have been found to have a considerable impact on the glycaemic control and often increases the risk of development of long-term complications in patients with diabetes mellitus. This study determined the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in patients with type 2 DM in Kano, North-Western Nigeria. The study was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted on 250 participants made up of 130 patients with type 2 DM and 120 apparently healthy non-diabetic controls. Questionnaires were used to collect information on bio data, medical history, duration of diagnosis of diabetes and type of treatment. Also, blood samples of the participants were collected and analyzed for fasting plasma glucose, fT3, fT4, and TSH. The results were interpreted using American Thyroid Associations’ criteria and the data was analyzed using the statistical software package, STATA version 20. Two hundred and thirty-four (93.6%) of the participants were euthyroid while sixteen (6.4%) were found to have various forms of thyroid dysfunction. The prevalence of thyroid dysfunction was 10% and 2.5% among type 2 diabetics and controls respectively. Among the type 2 DM patients with thyroid dysfunction, 38.5% had hypothyroidism. Thyroid dysfunction was found to be commoner among type 2 DM patients than non-diabetic individuals with hypothyroidism being the commonest disorder.


PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. e0251506
Author(s):  
Shambel Nigussie ◽  
Nigussie Birhan ◽  
Firehiwot Amare ◽  
Getnet Mengistu ◽  
Fuad Adem ◽  
...  

Objective To assess the rate of glycemic control and associated factors among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients at Dilchora Referral Hospital, Dire Dawa, Eastern Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from 13 May to 16 August 2019. Type 2 diabetic patients on follow up at Dilchora Referral Hospital who fulfilled the inclusion criteria of the study were included. Systematic random sampling was used to select study participants. Data was collected by a face-to-face interview and review of medical records. The primary outcome was the level of blood glucose during three consecutive visits. Poor glycemic control was defined as a blood sugar level of more than 154 mg/dL based on the average of measurements from three consecutive visits. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify determinants of glycemic control. Result A total of 394 participants responded to the interview and were included in the final analysis. The overall prevalence of poor glycemic control was 45.2% (95%CI: 40.6%-50.0%). Patients who were on oral anti-diabetic drug plus insulin had more than two times greater chance of poor glycemic control than patients on oral anti-diabetic drug alone: 2.177(95%CI:1.10–4.29). The odds of poor glycemic control in patients who did not understand the pharmacist’s instructions was two times higher than patients with good understanding of instructions 1.86(95%CI: 1.10–3.13). Patients who had poor level of practice were found to have poor glycemic control: 1.69(95% CI: 1.13–2.55). Conclusion The overall prevalence of poor glycemic control was high among type 2 diabetes patients. Oral anti-diabetic drugs in combination with insulin, lack of understanding of pharmacist’s advice, and poor practice of diabetic patients were significant factors of poor glycemic control. Pharmacists should reassure the understanding of patients before discharge during counseling. Optimization of the dose of antidiabetic medications and combination of oral hypoglycemic agents should be considered.


2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (52) ◽  
pp. 3148-3152
Author(s):  
Labanyabati Pattanaik ◽  
Madhusmita Acharya ◽  
Manoj Kumar Yadav ◽  
Prafulla Kumar Mishra ◽  
Madhab Nayak

BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a widely prevalent lifestyle disease associated with high morbidity and mortality due to dead end complications like acute coronary syndrome, chronic kidney failure and acute stroke. Diabetes mellitus patients frequently develop problems of dyselectrolytemia which is common among hospitalised patients with decompensated diabetes. But there is little information on the prevalence of electrolyte disturbances among diabetes patients. Our aim is to find out the pattern of dyselectrolytemia among type 2 diabetes patients and to know if there is any association of blood glucose level with dyselectrolytemia. METHODS An analytical cross-sectional study was done among type 2 diabetes patients admitted in the department of medicine. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycosylated haemoglobin level (HbA1c), blood sodium (Na+), potassium (K+) and calcium (Ca2+) were analysed. Occurrence of dyselectrolytemia was compared between patients of very much controlled versus uncontrolled blood glucose levels. RESULTS Out of 199 patients included in the study, 112 (56 %) had uncontrolled diabetes mellitus (DM) with HbA1c level > / = 7.0 %. Occurrence of hyponatremia, hypokalaemia, hyperkalaemia, hypocalcaemia and hypercalcemia were 35 %, 13 %, 7 %, 16 % and 2 % respectively. In diabetes patients, hyponatremia was seen more commonly in patients with uncontrolled DM than those with very much controlled blood glucose (52.67 % versus 12.64 %, p < 0.001). The extent of patients with hypokalaemia or hyperkalaemia didn't vary between the two groups. Patients on insulin treatment were more likely to have hyponatremia than noninsulin patients (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Type 2 DM patients specifically those who have uncontrolled diabetes mellitus have an increased chance to develop dyselectrolytemia. The most well-known electrolyte disturbances seen were hyponatremia followed by hypocalcaemia in our study and they were generally predominant among patients with uncontrolled DM. KEYWORDS Type 2 Diabetes, Dyselectrolytemia, Hyperglycaemia, Fasting Blood Glucose, Hyponatremia


2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Gema Akbar Wakhidana ◽  
Ancah Caesarina Novi Marchianti ◽  
Ali Santosa

Diabetes mellitus is metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia caused by disturbances in insulin secretion or insulin activity. Herbal Forte Rice is rice synthetic material composed of main purple sweet potato and corn flour. It contains antioksidan, fiber, resistant starch and having moderate glycemic index. This study aimed to determine the effectivity of Herbal Forte Rice on decreasing blood glucose levels of patients type 2 DM. It used a cross-over design, the role of research subjects was both as control and treatment groups. Total sample of this research consisted of 60 samples. The treatment group was given Herbal Forte Rice for 7 days in 2 consecutive meals, while the control group did not receive any intervention. The results showed the average level of Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG) beginning and end of the treatment group 179.76 mg/dL and 138.7 mg/dL; FBG beginning and end of the control 180.87 mg/dL and 187.63 mg/dL; 2 hours post prandial Blood Glucose (2hppBG) levels of beginning and end of the treatment group 284.37 mg/dL and 183.8 mg/dL; 2hppBG levels beginning and end of the control 280.57 mg/dL and 284.13 mg/dL. This study concludes that Herbal Forte Rice effective on decreasing blood glucose levels of patients type 2 DM.   Keywords: diabetes mellitus, Rice Herbal Forte, GDP and GD2PP  


Author(s):  
Amiroh Kurniati ◽  
Tahono Tahono

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) type 2 is a metabolic disease that prevalence increasing. A chronic hyperglycemia with poor glycemic control can stimulate oxidative stress, which will continue to occurrence of complications in the kidneys characterized by the presenceof microalbuminuria can be measured by the ratio of urinary albumin creatinine ratio (UACR) and the change in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). The aims of this study was to know the correlation between the UACR with HbA1c value and eGFR in patients with type 2 DM by finding them out. This study used cross sectional research design. Subjects were patients with type 2 DM who attend control in Endocrinology Subdivision of Internal Medicine Departement and perform blood and urine tests in Clinical Pathology Laboratory in Dr. Moewardi Hospital Surakarta in August 2013. To determine the pattern of the data distribution, the researchers used KolmogorovSmirnov test, and to analyse the result used Spearman (r) correlation with p<0.05 and confidence interval 95%. Statistical analysis using Spearman correlation test (r), significant when p<0.05 with 95% confidence intervals. From 68 samples examined the mean age is 60.9 year old, with equal participants for male and female (34 subjects each). Most subjects were in poor glycemic control group (72.1%) and in the range of microalbuminuria (44.1%). There was a significant correlation between UACR with HbA1c and eGFR in type 2 DM patient (r=0.412, p=0.000; and r= -0.270, p=0.02, respectively). Based on this study it can be concluded that increased UACR were associated with worsened glycemic control and were characterized by higher levels of HbA1c and its eGFR value would be lower. Further analysis requires further research with a larger sample size and more attention to the factors that may affect the related examination


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azeez Oyemomi Ibrahim ◽  
Tosin Anthony Agbesanwa ◽  
Segun Mathew Agboola ◽  
Olabode Muftau Shabi ◽  
Adewumi Oluwaserimi Ajetunmobi ◽  
...  

Abstract Background: : Despite the high burden of Asymptomatic Malaria and Type 2 diabetes mellitus in sub-Saharan African, limited data exist regarding their co-occurrence and its associated clinical impacts of asymptomatic malaria parasitaemia on Type 2 diabetes mellitus in rural setting. The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence of glycemic control and asymptomatic malaria parasitaemia; and to investigate the influence of socio-demographic characteristics and asymptomatic malaria parasitaemia on glycemic control among patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods: Hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 150 T2DM patients at Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, SouthWestern Nigeria, between April and September 2019. Systematic random sampling technique was adopted to recruit the respondents. Socio-demographic data were obtained using a semi- structured interviewer administered questionnaire and clinical files. Venous blood samples were collected and processed for glycosylated haemoglobin sugar estimation and malaria parasite detection by microscopy. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify the influence of asymptomatic malaria parasitaemia and the socio-demographic profile on glycemic control.Results: The mean age, mean glycemic control and mean parasite density of the respondents were 64.8±11.1 years, 6.9±2.1% and 1123.4±433.8 respectively. The prevalence of poor glycemic control and asymptomatic malaria parasitaemia were 30.0% and 14.0% respectively. Old age, female gender, lack of formal education and asymptomatic malaria parasitaemia were associated with poor glycemic control.Conclusion: The study revealed that Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Ido-Ekiti, Nigeria, harbor asymptomatic malaria parasitaemia and that Asymptomatic malaria parasitaemia, old age, female gender and illiteracy were negative predictors of glycemic control. Therefore, type 2 diabetes mellitus patient with poor glycemic control should be screened for asymptomatic malaria parasitaemia. Also, respondents with these identified predictors should be targeted with focus care and qualitative health education to improve their glycemic control level.


2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Esti Oktaviani Purwasih

ABSTRAKDiabetes melitus (DM) tipe 2 yaitu penyakit gangguan metabolik ditandai kenaikan gula darah karena penurunan sekresi insulin oleh sel beta pankreas dan atau ganguan resistensi insulin.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi hubungan antara kadar glukosa darah puasa dengan tingkat stres pada penderita diabetes melitus (DM) tipe 2. Jenis penelitian adalah deskriptif korelasi dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Variabel independen dalam penelitian ini yaitu tingkat stres. Sedangkan variabel dependen dalam penelitian ini yaitu kadar glukosa darah puasa. Penelitian dilakukan di Puskesmas Maos dan Klinik Graha Amanah Maos bulan Maret 2017. Sampel diambil dengan total sampling, berjumlah  60 responden yang menderita DM tipe 2 minimal 1 tahun, memiliki kadar GDP 130 mg/dl, dan tidak memiliki penyakit komplikasi seperti gagal ginjal kronis, dan kanker.Hasil analisis data menggunakan spearman rho didapatkan tidak terdapat hubungan antara kadar glukosa darah puasa dan tingkat stres (p value = 0,137). Kata Kunci: Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 2, Glukosa Darah Puasa, Tingkat Stres. ABSTRACTType 2 diabetes mellitus (DM ) is a metabolic disease that characterized by an increasing of  blood  glucose because of decreasing insulin secretion by pancreatic beta cells and or insulin resistance disorders.This research aimed to identify the relationship between fasting blood glucose (FBG) level and stress level in patients with  type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). The research design was descriptive correlation with cross sectional approach. The independent variable in this study was stress level. The dependent variable in this study was fasting blood glucose level. The study was at Maos Community Health Center and Graha Amanah Clinic in March 2017.The sample was total sampling. These were 60 respondents who diagnosed  type 2 diabetes mellitus at least 1 year, had FBG level 130 mg / dl, and did not have complications such as chronic kidney failure , and cancer.The results of data analysis by using spearman rho found that there was no correlation between fasting blood glucose level and stress level (p value = 0.137). Keywords: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Fasting Blood Glucose, Stress Level.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document