scholarly journals Correlation between the cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript in the pyloric section of the abomasum and fat deposition in bulls’ carcasses

2015 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 337-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Młynek ◽  
Izabela Janiuk ◽  
Adam Oler ◽  
Marcin Maj ◽  
Lidia Borkowska
Keyword(s):  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Fat Deposition ◽  
The Body ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Longissimus Lumborum ◽  
System Cell ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Perinephric Fat

The study was aimed at investigating the relationship between the number of cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) structures present in the pyloric section of the abomasum and fat accumulation in carcasses of bulls – crosses of Polish Lowland Black-and-White cows mated with Limousin bulls. The bulls were slaughtered at the mean age of 629 days and body weight of 597 kg. The distribution of cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript-immunoreactive in the pyloric section of abomasum was assessed on the basis of CART positive immunohistochemical reactions. Significant interdependence was found between the number of CART structures and carcass adiposity and the fat content of the longissimus lumborum muscle. The identified tendency for fat tissue increase in the carcasses was accompanied by a lower concentration of the structures. In the endocrine system cell the greatest number of immunopositive cells were found; ranging from 28.9 in animals more obese to 37.8 with the smallest amount of fat accumulated. The lowest numbers of immunopositive cells, ranging from 2.4 to 3.9 were noted in the submucous plexus layer. Slightly more structures were observed in nerve fibres and the myenteric plexus, at 2.9 and 4.7, respectively. The number of CART in the endocrine system was correlated with subcutaneous fat (-0.451) and marbling (-0.514). The amount of CART in these anatomical layers was significantly correlated with the thickness of subcutaneous fat (-0.541 and -0.636) and the weight of perinephric fat (-0.487 and -0.672). The results confirm that CART is an important neurotransmitter that participates in the regulation of fat deposition in the body. It must be stressed that the correlations with the analysed fat deposition indices concerned the adiposity indicators influencing the commercial value of carcasses and the meat traits important to the consumer.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF THE DRUG "E-SELENIUM" ON THE DISPERSION OF MILK FAT IN COW'S MILK

2021 ◽  
Vol 245 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-76
Author(s):  
L.G. Kashirina ◽  
◽  
K.I. Romanov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Fat ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Fat Globules ◽  
White Breed ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Experimental Group

The antioxidant drug "E-selenium" was used to reduce the processes of LPO in the body of fresh cows. Two groups were formed from the analogous cows of the black-and-white breed: The Control was intact, Experienced received the antioxidant drug injection at a dose of 10 ml at the rate of 1 ml per 50 kg of live weight per head for 4 months of lactation from the second. The diets of animals of all groups were the same, balanced in nutrients and met the standards of the RAAS. The duration of the experiment was 150 days. During the period from the 3rd to the 5th month of lactation, there was a positive dynamic in increasing the number of fat globules in the milk of cows of the Experimental group. By the end of the 4th month, it was higher than the Control by 8.9 %. This confirms the active effect of the drug "E-selenium", which contributes to a positive dynamic in increasing the size of fat globules. Non-enzymatic antioxidant tocopherol is an active element of the anti-oxidative system. Selenium stimu-lates the body's own antioxidant system. In both experimental groups, the relationship between the concentration of peroxidation products and the quantitative composition of fat globules and their size was established. In the milk of cows of the Experimental group, the oxidation processes were inhibited by neutralizing the products (POL), increasing the number of large fat globules and the total fat content in the milk.

scholarly journals Detection of Cocaine and Amphetamine Regulated Transcript in the abomasum of slaughtered bulls with different daily body weight gains

2013 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Młynek ◽  
Izabela Janiuk
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Nerve Fibres ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Daily Body Weight ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Breed Crosses ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Stomach Emptying

Despite numerous published studies, the relationship between the amount of secreted cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript and the daily body weight gain has still not been well explained. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript in the outlet wall of the abomasum of bulls with different daily weight gains. The study was performed on 15 bulls, breed crosses of local black and white milk cattle and Limousin bulls. The animals were slaughtered at the mean age of 543–549 days and body weight of 441.0–491.4 kg. Fragments of the outlet wall of the abomasum were sampled for analyses during routine slaughter. Immunohistochemical assays showed that slowly growing bulls (803 g/day) had significantly (P ≤ 0.05) fewer positive structures of cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript (by 1.65 × on average) compared to bulls with large daily weight gains (905 g/day). This tendency was also observed in the case of cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript distribution in particular layers of the abomasum wall. The most numerous positive structures of cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript were found in the nerve fibres of the muscularis and in the muscle plexus, whereas they were evidently less numerous in the submucous plexus. Our results suggest that the number of cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript immunopositive structures is associated with the growth intensity of the animals, and frequent occurrence of this neuropeptide in the nerve fibres and the muscular plexus proves its role in the control of stomach emptying.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Balance, Muscles, and Anthropomorphic Features in Young Adults

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ragıba Zagyapan ◽  
Cihan Iyem ◽  
Ayla Kurkcuoglu ◽  
Can Pelin ◽  
Mustafa Agah Tekindal
Keyword(s):  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
The Body ◽  
Thigh Circumference ◽  
Posture Analysis ◽  
Clinical Assessments ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat Thickness ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
Lateral Posture ◽  
The Relationship

Posture can be defined as the form of the body when sitting, walking, or standing. There would be no problem if muscles interact in harmony with musculoskeletal system or nervous system. Posture analysis is crucial for clinical assessments in physical medicine and rehabilitation. However, studies into this issue are limited. In this study, the relationship between static standing balance and anthropomorphic features in healthy subjects was investigated. The study was carried out with a total of 240 students at Baskent University (116 females, 124 males) aged between 18 and 25 years. Type of balance of the subjects was determined with lateral posture analysis. Additionally, muscle shortness tests, subcutaneous fat thickness, and waist and thigh circumference were measured. As the results of lateral posture analysis, 107 subjects (71 males, 36 females) were detected to have anterior balance, 89 (41 males, 48 females) posterior balance, and 44 (12 males, 32 girls) neutral balance. Values of waist circumference, thigh circumference, and waist/thigh ratio were compared with all three balance types. A statistically significant difference was detected between these values in the subjects who had anterior balance (P<0.05). In conclusion, a significant relationship was detected between muscle shortness, waist and thigh circumferences, and postural balance type.

Effects of selection for low backfat thickness in pigs on the sites of tissue deposition in the body

1983 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Wood ◽  
O. P. Whelehan ◽  
M. Ellis ◽  
W. C. Smith ◽  
R. Laird
Keyword(s):  
Selection Index ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
The Body ◽  
Backfat Thickness ◽  
Selection For ◽  
The University ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACTThe effects of selection for low backfat thickness on tissue deposition in different body sites has been investigated in pigs. Eight castrated male and eight female pigs from each of the selection and control lines maintained at the University of Newcastle upon Tyne were used. One castrated male and one female from each line was killed at 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105 and 120 kg live weight following ad libitum food consumption and fully dissected.There were only small effects of line on carcass composition, selected pigs having 120 g/kg more bone than controls at the mean side weight (P < 0·001) and 40 g/kg more lean (NS). At the same mean weight of subcutaneous fat, selected pigs had thinner backfat than controls (approximately 3 mm) over m. longissimus at the last rib and over the shoulder but not at the mid-rump or mid-back positions. There appears to have been a slight shift in the sites of fat deposition from above m. longissimus in the loin towards the mid-line and rump as a result of selection, even though mid-rump, C and K measurements were all included in the selection index. However, there was no difference between the lines in the weight distribution of subcutaneous fat between six regions and so these shifts must have been very localized. There was no difference between lines in the relationship between P2 fat thickness and proportion of lean in the side.The effects of selection on the sites of deposition within tissues other than subcutaneous fat were small. In particular there was no evidence that selection has caused relocation of body fat from subcutaneous to the other sites.

scholarly journals Assessment of Computed Tomography-Defined Muscle and Adipose Tissue Features in Relation to Length of Hospital Stay and Recurrence of Hypertriglyceridemic Pancreatitis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huajun Yu ◽  
Yingbao Huang ◽  
Lifang Chen ◽  
Liuzhi Shi ◽  
Yunjun Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
The Body ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Morphometric Assessment ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background: Analytic morphometric assessment has recently been proposed to be applied to the study of acute pancreatitis (AP). However, the relationship between body composition and the outcomes of hypertriglyceridemic pancreatitis (HTGP) is still unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate body composition in relation to the length of hospital stay (LOS) and recurrence of HTGP.Methods: Patient characteristics, admission examination data, body composition parameters, LOS, and recurrence within 1 year were collected from the institutional pancreatitis database and follow-up records. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors for LOS and recurrence of HTGP.Results: Of the 196 included patients, 158 (80.6%) were men and 53 (27.0%) were sarcopenic. The average LOS was 15.83±10.02 days. The recurrence rate of HTGP was 36.7%. Multivariate analysis with multiple linear regression suggested that subcutaneous fat area (SFA) (p=0.019) and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) (p=0.001) were independently associated with the LOS for HTGP after adjusting for age and sex. The multivariate adjusted hazard ratios for SFA and HDL-C, with respect to the relationship between body parameters and LOS, were 1.008 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.001–1.015) and 0.090 (95% CI, 0.022–0.361), respectively. No significant differences were observed between the AP and recurrent AP (RAP) groups in terms of characteristics, admission examination data, and body composition parameters.Conclusion: SFA and HDL-C are associated with LOS in patients with HTGP. The body composition of patients at the first symptom onset of HTGP cannot predict recurrence.

Studies of weaner sheep during and after a period of weight stasis. II.* Body composition

1975 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 355 ◽  
Author(s):  
TW Searle ◽  
NMcC Graham
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Tritiated Water ◽  
Complete Recovery ◽  
The Body ◽  
Similar Weight ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Weight For Age

Wether sheep (4 months old) were held at 20 kg liveweight by restricted feeding for either 4 or 6 months and then fed ad libitum. Body composition (total water, fat and protein) was estimated monthly from tritiated water (TOH) space measured in vivo, and on three occasions representative animals were slaughtered, minced and analysed. Composition at any given body weight was compared with that previously determined for animals grown without restriction (controls). Sheep slaughtered at the end of the period of weight stasis contained less protein and more water than the controls but contained a similar weight of fat. Previously derived prediction equations estimated water correctly from TOH space in these undernourished sheep, but protein was overestimated by 0.38 kg (17% of the mean) and fat was underestimated by 0.19 kg (10% of the mean). The body composition of animals slaughtered after partial or complete recovery of weight for age was normal for their weight and predictions were accurate. The sequential estimates of composition indicated that although the relationship between fat and weight differed between individuals, at any given body weight above 32 kg compensating animals and controls had a similar composition. *Part I, Aust. J. Agric. Res., 26: 343 (1975).

scholarly journals In vivo and carcass characteristics of goats and sheep sold for slaughter in Ceará State

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 3369
Author(s):  
Ítalo Araújo Albuquerque ◽  
Arturo Bernardo Selaive Villarroel ◽  
Elzânia Sales Pereira ◽  
Marcílio Costa Teixeira ◽  
Elisabeth Mary Cunha da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
The Body ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Mixed Breed ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
The Mean

<p>This study was conducted to evaluate the <em>in vivo </em>and carcass characteristics of goats and sheep sold for slaughter, which originated from different regions of Ceará State, Brazil. Thirty-six (36) mixed-breed, uncastrated male animals (18 goats and 18 sheep), acquired from street markets, which were raised in an extensive production system from the regions of Quixadá, Sobral, and Tauá, were used in this experiment. Before slaughter, the animals were weighed, and body measurements were taken and the body condition score was assessed. Post-slaughter, the carcasses were weighed, morphometric measurements were obtained, and the commercial cuts were weighed and their yields were calculated. The mean <em>in vivo </em>body weight was 23.83 ± 3.76 kg for the goats and 25.22 ± 5.25 kg for the sheep; the body condition score was close to 2, and the mean age was 12 months, with no differences between the species. No differences were found between species and origin for the weights and yields of carcass or for chilling loss. The carcass conformation values were considered poor, and the fat cover was classified as too lean, with the goat carcasses considered superior to the sheep carcasses in these respects. The sheep had higher values for loin-eye area, subcutaneous fat thickness, and weight and proportion of leg than the goats. Mixed-breed goats and sheep reared in extensive systems in Ceará State and sold in street markets in the capital, irrespective of their origin, reach their slaughter weight at an advanced age and with a lean body condition, resulting in carcasses of a low quality, with a low muscle content and poor fat cover. In the extensive conditions of the state of Ceará, animals of the ovine species have a greater ability for meat production than caprine species.</p>

Comparative nitrogen digestibility in Brahman, Brahman × Shorthorn, Africander × Hereford, and Hereford Steers

1962 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. C. Ashton
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Nitrogen Metabolism ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Natural Pasture ◽  
Breed Difference ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Faecal Nitrogen ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship

1. Eight nitrogen metabolism experiments, each with sixteen steers representing grade Brahman, Brahman x Shorthorn, Africander x Hereford and Herefords, were carried out. The steers were fed according to body weight to the power 0·73, on rations consisting of natural pasture hay alone or in combination with lucerne hay.2. These experiments showed that the steers with zebu blood were significantly superior to the Herefords with regard to dry-matter digestibility and apparent nitrogen digestibility. The breed difference disappeared when nitrogen digestibility was calculated from the relationship feed nitrogen minus undigested faecal residue nitrogen, divided by feed nitrogen.3. Two further nitrogen metabolism experiments with six Africander x Hereford and four Hereford steers fed natural pasture hay plus lucerne hay, and one experiment with two Brahman x Shorthorn, two Africander x Hereford and two Hereford steers fed chaffed wheat straw were carried out. The steers were fed an equal amount of ration, irrespective of body weight.4. In these three experiments faecal nitrogen was fractionated into undigested residue nitrogen, non-dialysable centrifugable nitrogen, non-dialysable non-centrifugable nitrogen, and dialysable nitrogen. The breed groups differed significantly in the amount of dialysable faecal nitrogen excreted but not in any other component.5. The amount of dialysable faecal nitrogen excreted on equal intake was very significantly negatively correlated with body weight (r = −0·807, P < 0·01).6. It was found that in two experiments the mean difference between Africander x Herefords and Hereford steers, mean body weights 863 and 686 lb., respectively, was 1·81 ± 0·51 g. nitrogen per day. It was calculated that this would represent about 70 ± 20% of the body-weight difference between the breeds if the lost nitrogen was fully utilizable. This agreed well with the estimate of 65% derived from the square of the correlation coefficient.

scholarly journals MEDICAL POSSIBILITIES OF CARBOXYTHERAPY FOR CELLULITE

2019 ◽  
pp. 88-93
Author(s):  
S. M. Drogovoz ◽  
A. V. Kononenko ◽  
H. Zelenkova ◽  
K. V. Drogovoz ◽  
L. B. Ivatsyk
Keyword(s):  
Blood Circulation ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Blood Rheology ◽  
Orange Peel ◽  
The Body ◽  
Venous Stasis ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
Inflammatory Changes ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Complex Methods

Cellulite is not only an aesthetic and cosmetic defect of the skin, but a signal of violations in the body, the cause of which is an incorrect lifestyle. The number of collagen fibers in the connective tissue decreases markedly, peripheral blood supply is disturbed, various hormonal changes occur, and in combination with malnutrition, a sedentary lifestyle, bad habits (smoking, alcohol abuse), sleep disturbance, frequent stress and sudden changes in body weight can first observe the formation of dimples and bulges (“orange peel”), and with the aggravation of the situation due to lymphostasis, there is an accumulation of toxins and gynoid lipodystrophy occurs with age. The main syndromes that characterize cellulitis: lymphostasis, hypoxia, a violation of the relationship between lipogenesis and lipolysis, non-inflammatory changes in subcutaneous fat, fibrodestruction. Cellulite treatment is carried out by complex methods: pharmaco- and physiotherapeutic, including hormone-correcting, lipocorrection, vasoactive, defibrosing, lifting and others. The lack of monotherapy results can be explained by the complexity of the drug penetration into the "cellulite" zones. The absence of effectiveness of monotherapy stimulates the search for new approaches to treatment. One of the effective methods in complex pharmacotherapy is carboxytherapy. Сarboxytherapy application contributes to the normalization of vascular tone and blood rheology, enhances blood circulation and removes venous stasis; improve oxygenation and trophic tissue, stimulate the processes of neovascularization, lipid metabolism, neocollagenogenesis. As a result of these changes subcutaneous fat cells (cellulite) are destroyed, stagnation is eliminated, and skin elasticity and tone are restored.

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