scholarly journals Enhanced Bordetella pertussis acquisition rate in adolescents during the 2012 epidemic in the Netherlands and evidence for prolonged antibody persistence after infection

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (47) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saskia van der Lee ◽  
Susanne P. Stoof ◽  
Mariette B. van Ravenhorst ◽  
Pieter G.M. van Gageldonk ◽  
Nicoline A.T. van der Maas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Pertussis Toxin ◽  
Bordetella Pertussis ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Recent Infection ◽  
Pertussis Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Acquisition Rate ◽  
Antibody Persistence ◽  
Antibody Levels

Introduction In 2012 a large epidemic of pertussis occurred in the Netherlands. We assessed pertussis toxin (PT) antibody levels in longitudinal serum samples from Dutch 10–18 year-olds, encompassing the epidemic, to investigate pertussis infection incidence. Methods: Blood was sampled in October 2011 (n = 239 adolescents), then 1 year (2012; n = 228) and 3 years (2014; n = 167) later. PT-IgG concentrations were measured by immunoassay and concentrations ≥50 IU/mL (seropositive) assumed indicative of an infection within the preceding year. Results: During the 2012 epidemic, 10% of participants became seropositive, while this was just 3% after the epidemic. The pertussis acquisition rate proved to be sixfold higher during the epidemic (97 per 1,000 person-years) compared with 2012–2014 (16 per 1,000 person-years). In 2012, pertussis notifications among adolescents nationwide were 228/100,000 (0.23%), which is at least 40 times lower than the seropositivity percentage. Remarkably, 17 of the 22 seropositive participants in 2011, were still seropositive in 2012 and nine remained seropositive for at least 3 years. Discussion: Longitudinal studies allow a better estimation of pertussis infections in the population. A PT-IgG concentration ≥50 IU/mL as indication of recent infection may overestimate these numbers in cross-sectional serosurveillance and should be used carefully.

Bordetella Pertussis Antibody Levels in DPT/Pentavalent Immunized Preschool Nigerian Children: A Cross-Sectional Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (01) ◽  
pp. 011-015
Author(s):  
Glory Ekpo Bassey ◽  
Emmanuel Eyo Ekanem ◽  
Henry Chima Okpara ◽  
Komomo Ibor Eyong
Keyword(s):  
Pertussis Toxin ◽  
Bordetella Pertussis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Booster Vaccination ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nigerian Children ◽  
Antibody Levels

AbstractPertussis is a vaccine-preventable disease and antibodies formed are known to decline with time. The aim of this study was to measure Bordetella pertussis/toxin immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies in different age groups of Nigerian children and determine the age at which booster dose may be required. A total of 422 children, aged 6 to 60 months, were tested for the presence of B. pertussis/toxin IgG antibodies by ELISA (enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay). The highest positivity rate was in the 6 to 11 months of age group, while the highest negativity rate was in the age group of 24 to 35 months. We conclude that B. Pertussis/toxin IgG antibodies response is weak in Nigerian children after three doses of DPT (diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus)/pentavalent vaccination, and there is a rapid decline of antibody levels between 12 and 35 months. We recommend that booster vaccination should be given at 12 to 15 months of age.

scholarly journals Pertussis over two decades: seroepidemiological study in a large population of the Siena Province, Tuscany Region, Central Italy

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. e032987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serena Marchi ◽  
Emanuele Montomoli ◽  
Edmond J Remarque ◽  
Geraldo Tadinho Monteverde Spencer ◽  
Angela Azzarello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Population ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Italian Region ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Recent Infection ◽  
Pertussis Infection ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Antibody Levels

ObjectivesTo evaluate seroprevalence againstBordetellapertussisin Tuscany, a large Italian region, from 1992 to 2005 and from 2013 to 2016.DesignSeroepidemiological study.Participants1812 serum samples collected in Tuscany from subjects older than 12 years from 1992 to 2005 and from 2013 to 2016.Outcome measuresSpecific antibody levels were determined by means of standard commercial ELISA using a dual cut-off of 50 and 125 IU/mL as markers of past and recent infection/vaccination, respectively.ResultsThe highest values of IgG titres were observed in 1992–1994 in all subjects (69.5 IU/mL), with prevalence values of subjects with IgG titres of >50 and >125 IU/mL of 68.3% and 23.8%, respectively. IgG titres decreased in the years thereafter (37.8 IU/mL in 2002–2005), together with prevalence values (41.7% and 8.1% in 2002–2005). In 2013–2016, both IgG titres and prevalence values showed a slight increase (50.6 IU/mL, 53.9% and 14.7%, respectively). IgG titres and prevalence followed the same age-related trend in all time periods considered, with the highest values in subjects aged 12–22 years. The lowest values were found in the age group of subjects aged 23–35 years (OR 0.54).ConclusionsSince 2002, approximately half of the population over 22 years of age have low IgG titres and are presumably susceptible to acquiring and transmitting pertussis infection. In addition, in 2013–2016, almost one-third of subjects aged 12–22 years, that is, the age group most likely to have been vaccinated against pertussis in infancy, had low antibody levels. Improving vaccination coverage and implementing careful surveillance are therefore recommended in order to prevent morbidity and mortality due to pertussis.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of Bordetella pertussis toxin antibodies in children and adolescents in Tunis, Tunisia

2019 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Ben Fraj ◽  
M. Zghal ◽  
M. Hsairi ◽  
A. Kechrid ◽  
H. Smaoui
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Pertussis Toxin ◽  
Bordetella Pertussis ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Booster Vaccination ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Recent Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Recent Exposure

AbstractPertussis remains a public health concern in most countries. This cross-sectional study aims to investigate the distribution of pertussis toxin antibodies (anti-PT IgG) in Tunisian children and adolescents aged 3–18 years, to define optimal age for booster vaccination. Anti-PT IgG concentrations of enrolled participants were measured using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Concentrations were classified as: indicative of current/recent infection if ⩾100 IU/ml, indicative of recent exposure to Bordetella pertussis within the last year if 40–100 IU/ml and less likely revealing a recent exposure to B. pertussis if <40 IU/ml. Between March and June 2018, a total of 304 participants (mean age: 9.3 years) were included in this study. Overall, 12.8% (95% confidence interval (CI) 9.1%–16.6%) were seropositive (IgG levels ⩾40 IU/ml). Among them, 14.7% (95% CI 2.3%–23.3%) had levels indicative of a current/recent infection. The multivariate Poisson regression analysis suggested associations between female gender, as well as age group 13–18 years and 3–5 years and higher anti-PT IgG concentrations. Our results are consistent with the notion that vaccine-induced immunity decline, as well as circulation of pertussis among school children and adolescents enables them to be reservoirs of infection and disease transmission to vulnerable infants. Booster dose of acellular pertussis vaccine for school entrants is therefore recommended.

scholarly journals The seroepidemiology of Bordetella pertussis infection in Western Europe

2004 ◽  
Vol 133 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. PEBODY ◽  
N. J. GAY ◽  
A. GIAMMANCO ◽  
S. BARON ◽  
J. SCHELLEKENS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Bordetella Pertussis ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
High Titre ◽  
West Germany ◽  
Recent Infection ◽  
Pertussis Infection ◽  
High Coverage ◽  
Low Coverage ◽  
The Impact

High titres of pertussis toxin (PT) antibody have been shown to be predictive of recent infection with Bordetella pertussis. The seroprevalence of standardized anti-PT antibody was determined in six Western European countries between 1994 and 1998 and related to historical surveillance and vaccine programme data. Standardized anti-PT titres were calculated for a series of whole-cell and acellular pertussis vaccine trials. For the serological surveys, high-titre sera (>125 units/ml) were distributed throughout all age groups in both high- (>90%) and low-coverage (<90%) countries. High-titre sera were more likely in infants in countries using high-titre-producing vaccines in their primary programme (Italy, 11·5%; Western Germany, 13·3%; France, 4·3%; Eastern Germany, 4·0%) compared to other countries (The Netherlands, 0·5%; Finland, 0%). Recent infection was significantly more likely in adolescents (10–19 years old) and adults in high-coverage countries (Finland, The Netherlands, France, East Germany), whereas infection was more likely in children (3–9 years old) than adolescents in low-coverage (<90%; Italy, West Germany, United Kingdom) countries. The impact and role of programmatic changes introduced after these surveys aimed at protecting infants from severe disease by accelerating the primary schedule or vaccinating older children and adolescents with booster doses can be evaluated with this approach.

scholarly journals A Bordetella pertussis-antitestek szeroprevalenciája magyarországi felnőttekben

2018 ◽  
Vol 159 (13) ◽  
pp. 503-510
Author(s):  
Péter Torzsa ◽  
Devadiga Raghavendra ◽  
Monica Tafalla
Keyword(s):  
Bordetella Pertussis ◽  
Whooping Cough ◽  
Acute Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Recent Infection ◽  
Pertussis Infection ◽  
Young Infants ◽  
One Year ◽  
Antibody Levels

Abstract: Introduction: Pertussis (whooping cough) is an acute respiratory tract infection caused by Bordetella pertussis that is characterized by a chronic, severe cough. The optimum immunization schedule for pertussis is unclear, so these vary by countries. Aim: To estimate the seroprevalence of pertussis in adults in Hungary. Method: Serum anti-pertussis toxin immunoglobulin G (anti-PT IgG) antibody levels were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in adults in general practitioners’ practices during one year. Sera were classified following manufacturer’s instructions as: strongly indicative of current/recent infection (≥1.5 optical density [OD] units); indicative of current/recent infection (≥1.0 OD units); seropositive (>0.3 OD units); or seronegative (≤0.3 OD units). Results: 1999 adults (60.6% female; mean age 47.4 ± 17.7 years) were included. 14.8% were seropositive, 1.1% were indicative of current/recent infection, and 0.1% were strongly indicative of current/recent infection. Conclusions: 85.2% of the subjects were seronegative and therefore susceptible to pertussis infection. Approximately 1% was suspicious of current/recent pertussis infection, potentially transmissible to susceptible young infants. Vaccination of adults is a key way to indirectly protect infants. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(13): 503–510.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of Pertussis among Danish Patients with Cough of Unknown Etiology

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 2016-2023 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tine Dalby ◽  
Zitta B. Harboe ◽  
Karen Angeliki Krogfelt
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Pertussis Toxin ◽  
Bordetella Pertussis ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Recent Infection ◽  
Childhood Disease ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Perception

ABSTRACT The common perception that pertussis is only a childhood disease is not correct. Vaccination or infection with Bordetella pertussis provides only short-lived protection against pertussis—and the majority of the population is consequently at risk of contracting pertussis. We evaluated the seroprevalence of pertussis antibodies (IgG against pertussis toxin) in serum samples from 265 Danish patients, aged 8 years and older, with coughs of unknown etiology. Depending on the cutoff chosen, we found that 2.6% to 10.9% of these patients were seropositive for pertussis. Of 178 patients with a reported duration of cough between 2 weeks and 3 months, 3.4% to 12.4% were seropositive for pertussis, indicating recent infection. Our study indicates that B. pertussis infection may be underdiagnosed among older children and adults with coughs in Denmark.

scholarly journals A cross sectional study of leptospirosis and fetal death in Yucatan, Mexico

2016 ◽  
pp. 11-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Fidelia Cárdenas Marrufo ◽  
Ignacio Vado Solis ◽  
Gaspar Fernando Peniche Lara ◽  
Carlos Perez Osorio ◽  
José Correa Segura
Keyword(s):  
Spontaneous Abortion ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Fetal Death ◽  
Indirect Elisa ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Recent Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional

Introduction: Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease affecting mainly to low income human population. Acute leptospiral infection during pregnancy has been associated with spontaneous abortion and fetal death during the first trimester and the abortion may occur as consequence of systemic failure. Objective: To estimate the frequency of Leptospira interrogans infection in women with spontaneous abortion in the state of Yucatan, Mexico. Methods: A cross sectional study on women with spontaneous abortion was conducted. Serum samples were tested for Leptospirosis by the microaglutination test, to estimate the frequency of the infecting serovar. The indirect ELISA IgM was used to detect recent infection by L. interrogans. DNA was extracted from paraffin-embedded tissue of placenta for PCR detection of L. interrogans. Results: Overall frequency of infection with L. interrogans in the 81 women with abortion was 13.6%. Five of the 12 serovars evaluated were found and included. Two of the 11 women with abortion and positive to microaglutination test were also positive to the ELISA IgM test. None samples were positive for PCR Leptospira diagnosis. Conclusion: two women could be associated with spontaneous abortion due to leptospirosis, because they showed antibodies against L. interrogans in the microaglutination test and ELISA IgM assays. Differences between regions were found with respect to the prevalences of lesptospirosis.

scholarly journals Development and Analytical Validation of an Immunoassay for Quantifying Serum Anti-Pertussis Toxin Antibodies Resulting from Bordetella pertussis Infection

2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 1781-1788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra L. Menzies ◽  
Vijay Kadwad ◽  
Lucia C. Pawloski ◽  
Tsai-Lien Lin ◽  
Andrew L. Baughman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pertussis Toxin ◽  
Bordetella Pertussis ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Analytical Validation ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Pertussis Infection ◽  
Validation Parameters ◽  
Health Organization

ABSTRACT Adequately sensitive and specific methods to diagnose pertussis in adolescents and adults are not widely available. Currently, no Food and Drug Administration-approved diagnostic assays are available for the serodiagnosis of Bordetella pertussis. Since concentrations of B. pertussis-specific antibodies tend to be high during the later phases of disease, a simple, rapid, easily transferable serodiagnostic test was developed. This article describes test development, initial evaluation of a prototype kit enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in an interlaboratory collaborative study, and analytical validation. The data presented here demonstrate that the kit met all prespecified criteria for precision, linearity, and accuracy for samples with anti-pertussis toxin (PT) immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody concentrations in the range of 50 to 150 ELISA units (EU)/ml, the range believed to be most relevant for serodiagnosis. The assay met the precision and linearity criteria for a wider range, namely, from 50 to 200 EU/ml; however, the accuracy criterion was not met at 200 EU/ml. When the newly adopted World Health Organization International Standard for pertussis antiserum (human) reference reagent was used to evaluate accuracy, the accuracy criteria were met from 50 to 200 international units/ml. In conclusion, the IgG anti-PT ELISA met all assay validation parameters within the range considered most relevant for serodiagnosis. This ELISA was developed and analytically validated as a user-friendly kit that can be used in both qualitative and quantitative formats. The technology for producing the kit is transferable to public health laboratories.

scholarly journals Two-Component Cluster Analysis of a Large Serodiagnostic Database for Specificity of Increases of IgG Antibodies against Pertussis Toxin in Paired Serum Samples and of Absolute Values in Single Serum Samples

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 1452-1456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabine C. de Greeff ◽  
Peter Teunis ◽  
Hester E. de Melker ◽  
Frits R. Mooi ◽  
Daan W. Notermans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Pertussis Toxin ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Roc Curves ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Pertussis Infection ◽  
Diagnostic Laboratory ◽  
Two Component

ABSTRACTMeasuring IgG antibodies against pertussis toxin (IgG-Ptx) with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) can be used to diagnose pertussis infection; however, the cutoff points are not unanimously defined. To determine the diagnostic specificity of increases of IgG-Ptx in paired sera and of absolute values in single serum samples, we applied a two-component cluster analysis to serum samples of patients suspected for pertussis, whose sera had been submitted to a routine diagnostic laboratory between 2003 and 2009, and had been assayed with an in-house IgG-Ptx ELISA calibrated with the international FDA lot 3 IgG-Ptx reference serum. Children eligible for the acellular pertussis vaccination were excluded to avoid interference from a vaccine-induced IgG-Ptx rise. Binary distribution mixtures were fitted to the data. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were calculated for absolute values in single samples (n= 14,452) and increases in paired samples (n= 2,455). For both parameters, two subpopulations could be identified: a population with high reactivity (persons with pertussis infection) and a population with low reactivity (persons without pertussis infection). For absolute values in single samples, the area under the curve (AUC) of the ROC curve was 0.993 and the optimum cutoff (with the highest cumulative value of specificity plus sensitivity) was 67.7 IU/ml (95% confidence interval, 63.9 to 74.1; sensitivity, 96.4%; specificity, 95.7%). A previously determined diagnostic cutoff of 125 IU/ml was associated with a sensitivity of 88.1% and a specificity of 98.8%. For increases in paired sera, the AUC was 0.999 and the optimum cutoff was 3.1-fold (95% CI, 2.8 to 3.4; sensitivity, 99.6%; specificity, 99.2%). Given the methodology of this study, estimates of sensitivity probably are overrated (because pertussis patients without IgG-Ptx response are not detected), but estimates of specificities can be considered very accurate.

scholarly journals Bordetella pertussis infection in household contacts of cases of pertussis in the southeast zone of the city of Cali, Colombia, 2006-2007

2011 ◽  
pp. 184-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miryam Astudillo ◽  
Victoria Eugenia Estrada ◽  
Mónica Fernández de Soto ◽  
Luz Ángela Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Bordetella Pertussis ◽  
Whooping Cough ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Asymptomatic Infection ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Pertussis Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Household Contacts

Introduction: Bordetella pertussis causes whooping cough or convulsive cough, a contagious and immune-preventable disease. It is one of the 10 leading causes of death among children younger than one year of age, when not completely immunized. It is considered reemerging in several countries, with high rates of complications and hospitalizations. Objective: to learn of the proportion of infection by B. pertussis among suspected cases of whooping cough and their household contacts among children from the southeast zone of Cali, a geographic area with great consultation demand due to this infection. Methodology: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study. Epidemiological data and nasopharyngeal samples were taken from 24 suspected cases and from their 109 household contacts. The samples were analyzed via real-time polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR) and through culture. Results: The proportion of positivity among the cases via the Q-PCR technique was at 50% (12/24) and at 40% via the culture technique (8/20), with good agreement between both techniques (Kappa 0.61). Regarding the household contacts, 30.3% (33/109) (CI 95%: 21.8%-39.8%) tested positive. The sibling contacts (7/15) and the mothers (7/22) presented the greatest proportion of positivity. Regarding age, 60% were 4 years of age (3/5) and 50% were in the group comprised of individuals 45 to 64 years of age. No significant differences were found among the presence or absence of symptoms and the presence of B. pertussis infection, except for the presence of nasal secretions (runny nose) (27%) and coughing (36%) during the last month. Conclusions: The study confirms the high prevalence of asymptomatic infection by B. pertussis among household contacts of children with whooping cough symptomatology and its household transmission. In Cali, health authorities need to review the effectiveness of implemented control strategies and the use of a vaccination scheme that does not cover adolescent and adult populations as a focus of infection control.

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