scholarly journals Seroprevalence of Bordetella pertussis toxin antibodies in children and adolescents in Tunis, Tunisia

2019 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Ben Fraj ◽  
M. Zghal ◽  
M. Hsairi ◽  
A. Kechrid ◽  
H. Smaoui
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Pertussis Toxin ◽  
Bordetella Pertussis ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Booster Vaccination ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Recent Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Recent Exposure

AbstractPertussis remains a public health concern in most countries. This cross-sectional study aims to investigate the distribution of pertussis toxin antibodies (anti-PT IgG) in Tunisian children and adolescents aged 3–18 years, to define optimal age for booster vaccination. Anti-PT IgG concentrations of enrolled participants were measured using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Concentrations were classified as: indicative of current/recent infection if ⩾100 IU/ml, indicative of recent exposure to Bordetella pertussis within the last year if 40–100 IU/ml and less likely revealing a recent exposure to B. pertussis if <40 IU/ml. Between March and June 2018, a total of 304 participants (mean age: 9.3 years) were included in this study. Overall, 12.8% (95% confidence interval (CI) 9.1%–16.6%) were seropositive (IgG levels ⩾40 IU/ml). Among them, 14.7% (95% CI 2.3%–23.3%) had levels indicative of a current/recent infection. The multivariate Poisson regression analysis suggested associations between female gender, as well as age group 13–18 years and 3–5 years and higher anti-PT IgG concentrations. Our results are consistent with the notion that vaccine-induced immunity decline, as well as circulation of pertussis among school children and adolescents enables them to be reservoirs of infection and disease transmission to vulnerable infants. Booster dose of acellular pertussis vaccine for school entrants is therefore recommended.

Bordetella Pertussis Antibody Levels in DPT/Pentavalent Immunized Preschool Nigerian Children: A Cross-Sectional Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (01) ◽  
pp. 011-015
Author(s):  
Glory Ekpo Bassey ◽  
Emmanuel Eyo Ekanem ◽  
Henry Chima Okpara ◽  
Komomo Ibor Eyong
Keyword(s):  
Pertussis Toxin ◽  
Bordetella Pertussis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Booster Vaccination ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nigerian Children ◽  
Antibody Levels

AbstractPertussis is a vaccine-preventable disease and antibodies formed are known to decline with time. The aim of this study was to measure Bordetella pertussis/toxin immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies in different age groups of Nigerian children and determine the age at which booster dose may be required. A total of 422 children, aged 6 to 60 months, were tested for the presence of B. pertussis/toxin IgG antibodies by ELISA (enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay). The highest positivity rate was in the 6 to 11 months of age group, while the highest negativity rate was in the age group of 24 to 35 months. We conclude that B. Pertussis/toxin IgG antibodies response is weak in Nigerian children after three doses of DPT (diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus)/pentavalent vaccination, and there is a rapid decline of antibody levels between 12 and 35 months. We recommend that booster vaccination should be given at 12 to 15 months of age.

scholarly journals Enhanced Bordetella pertussis acquisition rate in adolescents during the 2012 epidemic in the Netherlands and evidence for prolonged antibody persistence after infection

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (47) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saskia van der Lee ◽  
Susanne P. Stoof ◽  
Mariette B. van Ravenhorst ◽  
Pieter G.M. van Gageldonk ◽  
Nicoline A.T. van der Maas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Pertussis Toxin ◽  
Bordetella Pertussis ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Recent Infection ◽  
Pertussis Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Acquisition Rate ◽  
Antibody Persistence ◽  
Antibody Levels

Introduction In 2012 a large epidemic of pertussis occurred in the Netherlands. We assessed pertussis toxin (PT) antibody levels in longitudinal serum samples from Dutch 10–18 year-olds, encompassing the epidemic, to investigate pertussis infection incidence. Methods: Blood was sampled in October 2011 (n = 239 adolescents), then 1 year (2012; n = 228) and 3 years (2014; n = 167) later. PT-IgG concentrations were measured by immunoassay and concentrations ≥50 IU/mL (seropositive) assumed indicative of an infection within the preceding year. Results: During the 2012 epidemic, 10% of participants became seropositive, while this was just 3% after the epidemic. The pertussis acquisition rate proved to be sixfold higher during the epidemic (97 per 1,000 person-years) compared with 2012–2014 (16 per 1,000 person-years). In 2012, pertussis notifications among adolescents nationwide were 228/100,000 (0.23%), which is at least 40 times lower than the seropositivity percentage. Remarkably, 17 of the 22 seropositive participants in 2011, were still seropositive in 2012 and nine remained seropositive for at least 3 years. Discussion: Longitudinal studies allow a better estimation of pertussis infections in the population. A PT-IgG concentration ≥50 IU/mL as indication of recent infection may overestimate these numbers in cross-sectional serosurveillance and should be used carefully.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and associated risk factors in domestic pigs raised from Cuba

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julio César Castillo-Cuenca ◽  
Álvaro Martínez-Moreno ◽  
José Manuel Diaz-Cao ◽  
Angel Entrena-García ◽  
Jorge Fraga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Weaning Pigs ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

AbstractA cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and associated risk factors in pigs in the largest pork-producing region in Cuba. Serum samples from 420 pigs, including 210 sows and 210 post-weaning pigs, were tested for antibodies against T. gondii using a commercial indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Anti-T. gondii antibodies were detected in 56 animals (13.3%, 95% CI: 10.1–16.6). A generalized estimating equations model revealed that the risk factors associated with higher seropositivity in pigs were altitude (higher in farm’s location < 250 m above sea level (masl) versus ≥ 250 masl) and age (higher in sows compared to post-weaning pigs). The results indicated that this protozoan parasite is widely distributed on pig farms in the study area, which is a public health concern since the consumption of raw or undercooked pork meat products containing tissue cysts is considered one of the main routes of T. gondii transmission worldwide. Control measures should be implemented to reduce the risk of exposure to T. gondii in pigs in Cuba.

scholarly journals Endothelin-1 Serum Concentration is Lower in Children and Adolescents with High Myopia, a Preliminary Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1327
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Powierza ◽  
Beata Żelazowska-Rutkowska ◽  
Jolanta Sawicka-Powierza ◽  
Bożena Mikołuć ◽  
Beata Urban ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Axial Length ◽  
High Myopia ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Myopia Progression ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Weak Negative Correlation ◽  
Preliminary Study

The aim of this study is to evaluate the levels of enothelin-1 (ET-1) in children and adolescents with high myopia and its association with the axial length of the eye and the presence of myopic retinal degeneration. The cross-sectional study was carried out in 57 patients with high myopia and 29 control subjects. Serum concentrations of ET-1 were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. A significantly lower concentration of ET-1 in highly myopic patients compared to controls was found (1.47 (0.91; 1.87) vs. 1.94 (1.1; 2.69) pg/mL, p = 0.005). In patients with high myopia, a weak negative correlation between ET-1 concentration and the longest axial length out of the two eyes was found (r = −0.255, p = 0.0558). Further analysis revealed statistically significant differences in ET-1 concentration between patients with the axial length of the eye > 26 and ≤ 26 mm (p < 0.041) and patients with the axial length of the eye > 26 mm and controls (p < 0.001). ET-1 expression is disturbed in highly myopic children and adolescents. Lower ET-1 concentration in patients with the axial length of the eye > 26 mm may co-occur with high myopia and should be considered a risk factor in the pathophysiology of high myopia progression.

scholarly journals Development and Analytical Validation of an Immunoassay for Quantifying Serum Anti-Pertussis Toxin Antibodies Resulting from Bordetella pertussis Infection

2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 1781-1788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra L. Menzies ◽  
Vijay Kadwad ◽  
Lucia C. Pawloski ◽  
Tsai-Lien Lin ◽  
Andrew L. Baughman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pertussis Toxin ◽  
Bordetella Pertussis ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Analytical Validation ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Pertussis Infection ◽  
Validation Parameters ◽  
Health Organization

ABSTRACT Adequately sensitive and specific methods to diagnose pertussis in adolescents and adults are not widely available. Currently, no Food and Drug Administration-approved diagnostic assays are available for the serodiagnosis of Bordetella pertussis. Since concentrations of B. pertussis-specific antibodies tend to be high during the later phases of disease, a simple, rapid, easily transferable serodiagnostic test was developed. This article describes test development, initial evaluation of a prototype kit enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in an interlaboratory collaborative study, and analytical validation. The data presented here demonstrate that the kit met all prespecified criteria for precision, linearity, and accuracy for samples with anti-pertussis toxin (PT) immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody concentrations in the range of 50 to 150 ELISA units (EU)/ml, the range believed to be most relevant for serodiagnosis. The assay met the precision and linearity criteria for a wider range, namely, from 50 to 200 EU/ml; however, the accuracy criterion was not met at 200 EU/ml. When the newly adopted World Health Organization International Standard for pertussis antiserum (human) reference reagent was used to evaluate accuracy, the accuracy criteria were met from 50 to 200 international units/ml. In conclusion, the IgG anti-PT ELISA met all assay validation parameters within the range considered most relevant for serodiagnosis. This ELISA was developed and analytically validated as a user-friendly kit that can be used in both qualitative and quantitative formats. The technology for producing the kit is transferable to public health laboratories.

scholarly journals Comparison of Western Immunobloting to an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for the Determination of Anti-Bordetella pertussis Antibodies

2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 615-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen D. Merrigan ◽  
Ryan J. Welch ◽  
Christine M. Litwin
Keyword(s):  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Bordetella Pertussis ◽  
World Health ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Recent Infection ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Igm Elisa ◽  
Iga Antibodies ◽  
Health Organization

ABSTRACTDuringBordetella pertussisinfection, it has been established that an increase of anti-pertussis toxin (PT) and anti-filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA) antibodies occurs. Immunoblots from two manufacturers using FHA and PT antigens were compared with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) that used both FHA and PT. One manufacturer used two concentrations of PT bands for the IgG immunoblot, calibrated to the World Health Organization standard for PT in international units (IU/ml), 100 IU/ml (PT-100) and 8 IU/ml (PT). The second immunoblot kit measured antibodies to a single calibrated PT band. Both kits measured IgA antibodies, and one additionally measured IgM antibodies. Two of 41 (5%) ELISA IgM positives were confirmed positive by IgM immunoblotting, suggesting poor specificity of the IgM ELISA. The agreements of the IgG and IgA immunoblots with the ELISA ranged from 72.5% to 85.3%, with only 38 to 51% of IgA positives confirmed by immunoblotting and only 61 to 68% of IgG positives confirmed by immunoblotting. The two immunoblots correlated well with each other, with 91.7% and 94.3% agreement for IgG and IgA, respectively. When the FHA band was used with the PT band as the criterion for positivity, significant differences existed in specificity compared to the ELISA (IgG, 84.1% versus 33.3%; IgA, 82.4% versus 71.0%). When the positive IgA immunoblots (evidence of natural recent infection) were compared to the positive PT-100 IgG immunoblots (evidence of recent infection or vaccination), the PT-100 blot showed a 71% sensitivity in detecting natural recent infection.B. pertussisimmunoblots, alone or in combination with ELISAs, can aid in the diagnosis ofB. pertussisinfection.

Demographic Characteristics and Risk Factors for HIV and Hepatitis C Virus Co-infection in Pregnancy at a Tertiary Hospital in Northern Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 261-266
Author(s):  
O Ochima ◽  
AJ Randawa ◽  
SE Adaji ◽  
GI Ogbu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Co Morbidity

Hepatitis and TB co-infection in PLWHA is now a major source of co-morbidity and of public health concern. HIV and Hepatitis are two viruses with overlapping epidemics and shared routes of transmission. The clinical course of HCV is accelerated in patients with HIV with resultant end-stage Liver disease as a major cause of death. Most studies in my environment failed to identify significant risk factors for HCV infection thus making intervention difficult. The study was a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out among consecutive consenting HIV positive pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic of ABUTH-Zaria Nigeria. Relevant information was obtained using a structurally administered questionnaire while Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent assay Biotech Laboratories UK was used for anti Hepatitis C antibodies assay. Twenty four of the 285 samples tested positive for anti HCV antibodies giving a co-infection rate of 8.4%. Lack of formal education was associated with HCV-HIV co-infection (p <0.05), odds ratio (OR) 2.5; 95%CI 0.97-6.97. The possible risk factors analyzed including previous blood transfusion and injecting drug use were not associated with HIV- HCV co-infection (p>0.05). This study revealed a high HCV co-infection with significant association with non-formal educational status. Improving female education may be one important strategy for its prevention.

scholarly journals Use of technology to access health information/services and subsequent association with WASH knowledge and behaviors among women with children under 2 in Indonesia: Cross-Sectional Study (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi Jane Niedfeldt ◽  
Emma Beckstead ◽  
Emily Chahalis ◽  
Mindy Jensen ◽  
Britton Reher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Information ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Open Defecation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
Handwashing With Soap ◽  
Critical Times

BACKGROUND Water access, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) remain a public health concern in Indonesia. Proper WASH practices can decrease risk of stunting, wasting, and disease in children under the age of two. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to examine if using technology to access health information and services among Indonesian women affects knowledge and behaviors regarding handwashing and defecation practices. METHODS Participants included 1734 mothers of children under two years old. These women were randomly selected and interviewed as part of a three-stage cluster sampling technique. This study uses the data regarding WASH knowledge which includes: benefits of handwashing with soap, five critical times of handwashing, risks of open defecation, media of disease transmission, defecation locations, and risks of open defecation. Data regarding WASH behaviors was also included: handwashing with soap, type of latrine used at home, and where defecation took place. This investigation used adjusted and unadjusted logistic and linear regression models to determine differences in WASH outcomes between those who use technology to access health information and services and those who did not. RESULTS One result is that Indonesian women with children under two who use technology to access health information and services are more likely to know the advantages of proper handwashing (OR=2.603; CI=1.666-4.067) and know the five critical times of handwashing (OR=1.217; CI=.969-1.528). Women who use technology to access health information are also more likely to know the risks of open defecation (OR=1.627; CI=1.170-2.264) and use a type of toilet (such as a gooseneck or squat toilet) that limits risk compared to women who did not use technology to access health information (OR=3.858; CI= 2.628-5.665). CONCLUSIONS Using technology to access health information and services was associated with an increase in handwashing and defecation knowledge. In the future, promoting mothers of children under two to access to health information through technology might be used to increase handwashing and defecation knowledge as well as safe defecation practices. However, further research should be done to determine how technology may increase the frequency of recommended handwashing behaviors.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of Chikungunya (CHIK) Infection during Non Epidemic Periods in Chennai, Southern India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaliyamoorthy Kayalvili ◽  
Murugan Duraivel ◽  
Elangovan Nivedhitha ◽  
Subramanian Arul Selvan
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Southern India ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Monsoon Period ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Igm Antibody

Introduction: Chikungunya (CHIK) infection has caused many outbreaks in India with more than 13 lac people affected by the disease. Epidemics of CHIK infection occur during post monsoon period when there is a high vector density. Evidences on the prevalence of CHIK infection during non epidemic periods are limited. Aim: To determine the seroprevalence of CHIK infection during non epidemic periods among patients attending fever clinic in Chennai, Southern India. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was done in 180 suspected cases of CHIK infection between the months of September 2014 and February 2015. A 5 mL of blood samples were collected from the suspected cases and serum was separated to detect for the presence of CHIK-IgM antibody by using CHIK-IgM antibody capture Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) kit. Chi-square test was done to find out the statistical significance with p-value <0.05 kept as statistically significant. Results: The seroprevalence of CHIK infection during non epidemic periods was found to be 5.5% (10/180). Fever and joint pain were the major complaints present in all the study population. All the seronegative cases were tested for the presence of other infections and it was found that 13% were positive for typhoid, 9% were positive for leptospirosis, 4% for malaria and 2% for dengue infections. Conclusion: There are no vaccines or specific medications available till date. Prevention is the only effective approach against the disease. Even though the prevalence of CHIK infection is low during non epidemic periods, strict vector control and elimination of mosquito breeding sites are very important in controlling the disease transmission.

scholarly journals Immunization status of Iranian military recruits against Bordetella pertussis infection (whooping cough)

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (03) ◽  
pp. 224-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morteza Izadi ◽  
Shahla Afsharpaiman ◽  
Nematollah Jonaidi Jafari ◽  
Reza Ranjbar ◽  
Mohammad Mahdi Gooya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bordetella Pertussis ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Whooping Cough ◽  
Booster Vaccination ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Pertussis Infection ◽  
Military Recruits

Introduction: Military recruits are susceptible to respiratory pathogens because of increased antibiotic resistance and the lack of an effective vaccine. The goal of the current study was to determine the immunological status of the Bordetella pertussis among conscripts in Iranian military garrisons. Methodology: The study population consisted of 424 conscripts aged 18 to 21 years who enrolled for military service. They were selected using cluster stratified sampling from all military garrisons in Tehra, Iran. To determine the seroprevalence of infection, blood specimens from all recruits were collected and stored at - 20°C until assayed. All serum samples were screened for immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against Bordetella pertussis toxin (PT) and by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: The overall prevalence of B. pertussis seropositivity in military recruits was 60.6. Only 55.0% of the recruits had low awareness about the record of vaccination against B. pertussis during childhood. Among 424 studied individuals, 48 recruits (11.3%) had a positive history of whooping cough; prevalence of seropositivity in these recruits was 70.0%. Among these subjects, 61.7% were referred to a physician for treatment and only 39.6% of them were administered anti-pertussis therapy. Conclusions: Our study showed that military conscripts in Tehran garrisons were not serologically immune to pertussis and also confirmed the low awareness about vaccination and medical history related to pertussis infection in this high-risk subgroup of the Iranian population. Routine acellular booster vaccination, particularly before 18 years of age, is recommended.

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