scholarly journals ALGORITHM FOR DETERMINING THE MEASURE OF EXISTENCE OF UNRELIABLE INFORMATION IN THE CONDITIONS OF INFORMATION CONFLICT

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (14) ◽  
pp. 15-25
Author(s):  
Tetiana Laptievа
Keyword(s):  
Decision Makers ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Research Development ◽  
Conceptual Basis ◽  
Inaccurate Information ◽  
Negative Orientation ◽  
Information Conflict ◽  
Properties Of Information ◽  
General Estimation

Social interaction of subjects in the modern world, in addition to positive forms, also has negative ones. One of such forms is information confrontation, the conceptual basis of which is to spread in the information space of the enemy unreliable information to influence the assessments, intentions, and orientation of the population and decision-makers. In this case, information becomes a more important resource than material or energy resources. The analysis of laws and properties of existence and distribution of information in the conditions of information confrontation is carried out. Based on the analysis of the above laws and studying the properties of information, the main features of the perception of information by the subjects are formulated. These are selectivity, attitude to certain information, authority (reputation), imaginary secrecy of receiving information. It is shown that on the basis of the formulated features of perception of information of subjects it is possible to create visibility of reliability of the information, and then no force will convince that it is specially made for the purpose of incorrect estimation, the negative orientation of the population and decision-makers. The main advantage of the proposed algorithm is that the parameters of information evaluation are used as a measure of the probability of propagation of inaccurate information. The degree of probability of dissemination of unreliable information is determined for each law of existence of information separately. The general estimation of the probability of distribution of unreliable information consists of the production of values of measures of each law in the person. Depending on the preference of a particular law for a particular type of information, the value of the measure will vary. That is, the proposed algorithm, in contrast to existing methods of evaluating information, additionally takes into account the type and class of information. The direction of further research: development of a scale of measures to assess the probability of spreading inaccurate information. Using as coefficients of the model the parameters of the developed scale of measures to assess the probability of propagation of inaccurate information. Creation of a mathematical model of distribution of unreliable information in the conditions of information confrontation.

Innovation Management In The Knowledge-Based Society

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 227-232
Author(s):  
Ioan Moise Achim ◽  
Teodora Popescu ◽  
Manuella Kadar
Keyword(s):  
Innovation Management ◽  
Systemic Approach ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Research Development ◽  
Global Level ◽  
National Innovation Systems ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Research And Innovation ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Innovation Policies

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to offer an insight into innovation management in the knowledge-based society. It sets off by explaining the concept of knowledge-based society and why it bears relevance for the modern world. Next, innovation and related concepts are introduced. Furthermore, a presentation of National Innovation Systems (NIS) is made, their history and role in the understanding of a systemic approach to research, development and innovation at both national and global level. Next, the OECD main guidelines for the elaboration of national innovation policies are presented. Last but not least, an analysis of the current situation of research and innovation in Romania is also included.

Systems thinking, a consilience of values and logic

2005 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 259-274
Author(s):  
Sameer Kumar ◽  
Thomas Ressler ◽  
Mark Ahrens
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Systems Thinking ◽  
Qualitative Reasoning ◽  
Colleges And Universities ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Problem Solving Process ◽  
Problem Solvers

This article is an appeal to incorporate qualitative reasoning into quantitative topics and courses, especially those devoted to decision-making offered in colleges and universities. Students, many of whom join professional workforce, must become more systems thinkers and decision-makers than merely problem-solvers. This will entail discussion of systems thinking, not just reaching “the answer”. Managers will need to formally and forcefully discuss objectives and values at each stage of the problem-solving process – at the start, during the problem-solving stage, and at the interpretation of the results stage – in order to move from problem solving to decision-making. The authors suggest some methods for doing this, and provide examples of why doing so is so important for decision-makers in the modern world.

scholarly journals A Decision Model for Emergency Warehouse Location Based on a Novel Stochastic MCDA Method: Evidence from China

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junkang He ◽  
Chenpeng Feng ◽  
Dan Hu ◽  
Liang Liang
Keyword(s):  
Disaster Response ◽  
Decision Model ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Location Decision ◽  
Preference Information ◽  
Inaccurate Information ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Warehouse Location ◽  
Method Evidence

China is one of the disaster-prone countries in the world. Constructing a rapid and effective relief logistic system is important for disaster-responding at country level. Strategic prepositioning of emergency items, especially the decision of appropriate emergency warehouses location, has significant impacts on rapid disaster response to ensure sufficient relief supplies. The emergency warehouse location decision is a complex problem, where a wide variety of criteria need to be considered and the preference information of decision makers (DMs) may be imprecise or even absent. In this paper, we identify key effectiveness-oriented criteria used to evaluate the alternative emergency warehouse locations and make an attempt to propose a new multicriteria ranking method to solve the problem of inaccurate or uncertain weight information based on stochastic pairwise dominant relations and the pruning procedure of ELECTRE-II method. The proposed method extends the conventional ELECTRE-II method by incorporating inaccurate information and broadens its application to emergency warehouse location field. The feasibility and applicability of the proposed method are illustrated with a simulated example.

Modern World Trend of Sustainable Economy and Formation of the Circular Ecosystem in the Republic of Moldova

Economica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larisa Dodu-Gugea ◽  
◽  
Zorina Siscan ◽  
Liliana Condratchi ◽  
Olesea Fortuna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Driving Forces ◽  
Round Table ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Ecological Crisis ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Republic Of Moldova ◽  
Business Interests ◽  
Global Trend ◽  
Sustainable Economy ◽  
The Republic

Starting from studies conducted in the field, the authors define sustainable economy as a global trend and identify co-creation power of circular ecosystem in the Republic of Moldova. Attention is paid to sustainable economy as based on managing resources in interest of not only contemporary generations, but also the future ones. The implementation of policies related to business interests should be closely linked to sustainable development of natural and socio-cultural ecosystems. The technologies of circular economy directly contribute to sustainable economy. The ecological crisis and the current pandemic situation are leading to a revision of socio-economic values that result in the need to form circular global ecosystem. The round table of 18.12.2020, organized by the authors within ASEM, confirmed that activists, entrepreneurs, academics and political decision makers, being driving forces of sustainable economy, capitalize on this global trend, co-creating the circular ecosystem.

Ewolucja bezpieczeństwa energetycznego Polski i Białorusi na międzynarodowym rynku ropy naftowej

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-139
Author(s):  
Maciej Mróz
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Energy Policy ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
Political Instability ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Diversification Strategy ◽  
The Common

Access to energy resources has become one of the main challenges of energy security in the modern world. Due to the growing political instability of countries exporting energy resources, the energy security category should be perceived in a special way. Energy security is expressed, first of all, in stable access to energy resources at an acceptable price. The aim of the article is to determine to what extent the strategy of diversifying the sources of crude oil imports to Poland and Belarus is implemented in practice, and to what extent the implementation of this strategy is conducive to building energy security for both these countries. It seems that despite the similar geological and geographical conditions, as well as the common historical infrastructure heritage, Poland and Belarus shape their energy policy differently. The conducted analysis has an empirical dimension, as the REES index is used to measure the concentration of imports and the short-term risk for the security of crude oil supplies. The article shows that a properly implemented diversification strategy significantly improves the country’s energy security, which is possible due to the use of alternative directions for oil imports to the Russian one.

11. Roman Law and the European Ius Commune

2020 ◽  
pp. 359-394
Author(s):  
Paul J. du Plessis
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Roman Law ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Conceptual Basis ◽  
Legal Tradition ◽  
Ius Commune ◽  
The World ◽  
Common Framework ◽  
Formed Part

The term European ius commune (in its historical sense) signifies that, from the fourteenth to the start of the sixteenth centuries, most of Europe shared a common legal tradition. Many local and regional variations on the law existed, but the terminology, concepts, and structure provided by elements of Roman law provided a common framework. This chapter traces how Justinian’s codification came to influence the modern world. The influence of Roman law in the modern world is immense: it constitutes the historical and conceptual basis of many legal systems throughout the world. Its impact has not been confined to those countries in Western Europe that historically formed part of the Roman Empire. Wherever Europeans went, they normally took their law (usually based to some extent on the principles of Roman law) with them.

scholarly journals Overview of Pakistan's Electricity Crisis, Generation-Mix and Renewable energy scenarios

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamran Yousaf Awan ◽  
Abdul Rashid
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Slow Development ◽  
Electricity Crisis ◽  
Electricity Shortage

Electricity is a basic need of the modern world. It is impossible for an economy to sustain without electricity. Pakistan, despite having the enormous energy resources, is facing acute shortage of Electricity. The Countrys electricity demand is rising at the rate of 11% annually, while incremental rate of production is fairly flat. Presently, only 15055MW of Electric Power is being generated while peak demand has reached up to 23953MW. Therefore, nation has to strive for meeting the deficiency of 8899 MW. Installed Power Generation Capacity of Pakistan is approximately 19,855 MW among which 67.2% is generated from thermal sources (oil and gas), 29.4% from hydel, 3.3% from nuclear and 0.1% from coal. Due to increased cost of petroleum products, slow development of hydel and nuclear power generation and negligible development of coal power generation, Country is facing severe electricity crisis. This article provides the overview of electricity shortage, problems associated with energy-mix used for power generation and root causes of electricity shortage in Pakistan. It also highlights the importance and availability of Pakistans indigenous energy resources, which can be economically used for electric power generation.

Probabilistic Interval Reference Ordering Sets in Multi-Criteria Group Decision Making

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (02) ◽  
pp. 189-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue He ◽  
Zeshui Xu ◽  
Weiling Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Group Decision Making ◽  
Group Decision ◽  
Investment Decision ◽  
Silk Road ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Distance Measures ◽  
Basic Operation ◽  
Preference Ordering ◽  
Inaccurate Information

Uncertain preference orderings have been widely applied in real world decision making problems as a useful and convenient tool to express preference information. When the number of decision makers is great, the importance degrees of preference interval orderings provided by the decision makers are usually difficult to be determined and may be ignored, which probably lead to the erroneous decision results when the weight information is missing. In order to make full use of information, we define the concepts of probabilistic interval preference ordering set (PIPOS) and probabilistic interval preference ordering element (PIPOE). Then, we give the score and the basic operation laws of PIPOEs, based on which we develop some aggregation operators and the distance measures for PIPOEs. After that, due to the limited cognitions and knowledge of the decision makers, we propose an algorithm to remove the inaccurate information and adjust the probabilities. Furthermore, we put forward the aggregation-based approach and the TOPSIS approach with probabilistic interval preference orderings for multi-criteria group decision making. Finally, in order to illustrate our approaches, we make a detailed case study concerning the infrastructure investment decision making problem on “the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road” (B&R) strategy.

scholarly journals University of Central Punjab (UCP), Lahore, Pakistan‘s Responsibility for SDG‘s and World Complex Challenges Pertaining to its Innovation for Energy and Climate Change Management

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javaria Qais Joiya ◽  
Qais Aslam
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Sewage Water ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Good Energy ◽  
Climate Change Management ◽  
The One

One of the important essentials of modern living is energy without which modern world cannot survive and therefore depends deeply on energy usages and energy abusage. What is important to be seen is that more than 7.8 billion people on this planet are burning fossil fuels for their daily needs. Therefore, the challenge for the 21st century is how to conserve this ‘good’ energy and how to reduce its transformation into ‘bad’ energy and at the same time enjoy a sustainable lifestyle through modern inventions of science and technology. The problems facing University of Central Punjab, Lahore (UCP) is on the one hand how to minimise the usage of energy resources and secondly, how to move away from using fosil feuls and toward usage of eco-friendly energy sources for achieving sustainability and abiding by the Goal 7 of the SDG (Affordable and Clean Energy). Keeping sustainable development and energy conservation issues in mind, UCP has already in collaboration with M/S Premier Energy embarked upon the renewable solar energy solutions and 1/4th of the total energy consumption of UCP is being produced through state-of-the-art grid-tired solar system. UCP also promotes the sagacious use of water. In UCP, processor treat sewage water. In addition, UCP promotes the use of filtered drinking Processor treat sewage water. Promote the use of filtered water instead of bottled water.

scholarly journals Just Hierarchy between States

2020 ◽  
pp. 106-142
Author(s):  
Daniel A. Bell ◽  
Wang Pei
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Hierarchical Systems ◽  
Global Order ◽  
Strong Reciprocity ◽  
Hierarchical Relations ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Ideal

This chapter discusses relations between states. Whereas relations between rulers and citizens in countries should be characterized first and foremost by actions that benefit the citizens, relations between countries need to be mutually beneficial for both countries. Notwithstanding lip service paid to the ideal of equality between sovereign states in the modern world, this chapter argues that hierarchy between powerful and weaker states is the norm in international relations. Such hierarchical relations can be justified if they benefit both powerful and weaker states. The chapter draws on a mixture of philosophy and history to argue that justifiable hierarchical relations can be characterized by either weak reciprocity, with both countries deriving instrumental benefits from hierarchical relations, or strong reciprocity, with decision makers in stronger and weaker states thinking of their relations from the perspective of both states—not just from the perspective of their own state. Strong reciprocity is more difficult to achieve, but it is more stable and long lasting than weak reciprocity. In terms of the future, the chapter illustrates that an ideal of “one world, two hierarchical systems” may be appropriate for future forms of global order.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document