scholarly journals Microbiological Analysis and pH Determination of Drinking Water Samples from Public Schools in the Municipality of Recife/PE

2021 ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Parasitic Diseases ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Childhood Diarrhea ◽  
The City

Water is considered a finite natural resource and one of the essential elements of life. It is used in various work activities such as agriculture, industry, livestock, public supply, energy generation, among others [15]. According to SPERLING (2006) [38], only 2.493% of the water on the planet is suitable for the consumption of humans and animals and 0.0007% of the water accessible for consumption is present in the atmosphere, rivers and lakes. It is estimated that more than one billion people worldwide do not have access to treated water, as its supply is not made on an equal basis due to population growth, economic activities and uneven distribution contrasted with different populations. between rural and urban areas [3, 21,33,]. Problems related to water shortages in the metropolitan regions of Brazilian states are increasingly present in everyday life, and can be attributed to factors involving administrative processes, such as the high cost of drinking water treatment, pollution of water tables, increased demand for water. consumption and climatic factors. In this sense, the use of water for poor quality consumption is an alternative for regions experiencing shortages and has a direct impact on the health of individuals, especially workers and students, as about 80% of the infectious and parasitic diseases that affect developing countries are due to poor quality water, directly impacting the individual’s health [10,17,18,28,36,37]. The water potability standards in Brazil are described in Ordinance GM / MS No. 2,914, of December 12, 2011, which portrays the main physical-chemical and microbiological quality control processes aimed at ensuring water safety and quality. for human consumption [5-8,42].In relation to water-borne infectious-parasitic diseases, their main route of transmission is via the oro-fecal route, that is, ingestion of water contaminated by excreta in drinks or food. According to PEIL et al (2015) [29], the main diseases resulting from contaminated water are typhoid fever, cholera, leptospirosis, giardiasis, enterobacteriosis, among others. In 2015, this type of disease was responsible for 2.35% of hospital admissions in Brazil, generating expenses for the Unified Health System (SUS) [28]. Among the diseases that affect individuals in the school phase, childhood diarrhea stands out for being responsible for hospitalizations and if left untreated, it can evolve to death. Childhood diarrhea is a serious public health problem in developing countries, such as Brazil, and is related to the lack of basic sanitation, ingestion of contaminated water and the precariousness of health services [35,40]. Vidal et al (2016) [43] comment that 88% of diarrhea cases are attributed to the consumption of contaminated water and children under five years of age are the most affected. The city of Recife, capital of the state of Pernambuco, has a large number of individuals in school, about 248,408 students are enrolled in the public school system. As a result, it is important to monitor and monitor the water used for consumption in schools. This work proposes to carry out microbiological analysis and pH determination of water for consumption in public schools located in the city of Recife/PE supplied by Pernambuco Sanitation Company (COMPESA).

Evaluation of Ground Water Quality For AL Shuwayja area –Wasit Provence Using GIS Technique

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Ali Nasser Hilo
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Ground Water Quality ◽  
Water Index ◽  
The City

The low level of water in rivers in Iraq leads to poor water quality, on that basis; we need to assess Iraq's water resources for uses of irrigation and drinking water. This study present a model accounts for ground water quality by using a water quality index (WQI) for the region defined between the city of Kut and the city of Badra in Wasit province. this study relies on a system of wells set up along the path through the Badra –Kut  and around it  up to 78 wells. The study showed poor quality of ground water in the region of study and it is unsuitability for irrigation and drinking water, as well as provided a solution to the water accumulated in the Shuwayja to reduce the bad effect on groundwater by using a system of branch and collection canals  then pumping at the effluent  of Al  Shuwayja in seasons of rainy season ..Water quality index calculated depend on the basis of various physic-chemical parameters as PH, Ec , TDS, TSS, Nacl , SO4 ,Na , and  Mg. The resultant and analytical are present with use of Arch GIS program – geostastical analysis for the water index and water quality parameters

scholarly journals THE STUDY OF THE PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL INDICATORS OF THE QUALITY OF DRINKING WATER OF THE CITY OF TYUMEN

2018 ◽  
pp. 106-109
Author(s):  
A. V. Dvoinikova ◽  
I. A. Yagovtseva
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Industrial Safety ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Chemical Indicators ◽  
Water Disposal ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
The City

Currently, the hydrosphere is facing serious anthropogenic impact which prevents water from self-purification. The imperfection of technological processes, outdated water disposal communi-cations, inadequate amounts of chemicals for water treatment are the main problems of poor quality of drinking water. In the laboratory of ecological and industrial safety of Industrial University of Tyumen physical and chemical parameters of tap water in different areas of Tyumen have been studied and measures have been proposed to improve the quality of drinking water.

scholarly journals Determination of strontium in drinking water and consequences of radioactive elements present in drinking water for human health

2006 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milos Rajkovic ◽  
Mirjana Stojanovic ◽  
Gordana Pantelic ◽  
Vedrana Vuletic
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Natural Radionuclide ◽  
Uranium Content ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Radioactive Isotopes ◽  
Radioactive Elements ◽  
The City

In this paper the analysis of strontium and uranium content in drinking water has been done, indirectly, according to the scale which originates from drinking water in water-supply system of the city of Belgrade. Gamaspectrometric analysis showed the presence of free natural radionuclide in low activities. The activity of 90Sr in scale which is 0.72?0.11 Bq/kg was determined by radiochemical. Because of the small quantities of fur in the house heater this activity can be considered as irrelevant, but the accumulation of scale can have intensified influence. In this paper, the analysis of effects of the radioactive isotopes presence (first of all 238U and 235U) in drinking water on human health has been done. .

A Federative Approach of Decision-Making Aid in Urban Development

2011 ◽  
pp. 368-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Kouamou ◽  
C. Pettang
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Water Network ◽  
Urban Planning And Development ◽  
Land Question ◽  
The City

The interest in urban planning and development is a major preoccupation in the two last decades. In fact, the urban development is the act of improving living conditions, which are necessary for rest and for labour, for the health and education facilities, for the various exchanges and provisioning, for the moving of the population between their dwellings and their working place. However, the cities of the developing countries know serious problems of urbanization due not only with the non application of the urban guide (SDAU) when it exists, but also with the inadequacy of the policies of management of the city needed by the populations. That is why the proliferation of unstructured quarters around the cities, without the urban services necessary for their operation like drinking water network, electricity, and roadway system. Facing these failures, the urban development is not any more the only fact of the municipal authorities. The populations through associations and the non governmental organisations are more implied, these activities are carried out under the impulse of the multilateral backers that support and finance the actions of the different actors. In order to propose new approaches of the urban development, we started by defining a characterization of the city for better apprehending its morphology and its operation (Pettang, Kouamou, & Mbumbia, 1997). This characterization permits to deal with the land question, since the soil is the beginning of any installation (Pettang & Kouamou, 1999).

Survey of the Microbiological Quality of Whole, Black Pepper and Turmeric Powder Sold in Retail Shops in Bombay

1987 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 401-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. GEETA ◽  
P. R. KULKARNI
Keyword(s):  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Black Pepper ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Fungal Flora ◽  
Plate Counts ◽  
The City

Microbiological analysis of loosely packed, whole, black pepper and turmeric powder obtained from retail shops in the city of Bombay revealed that the samples of both spices were highly contaminated. Aerobic plate counts of black pepper ranged from 12.1 × 107 to 81.9 × 108 c.f.u. per gram and turmeric powder from 4.1 × 107 to 73.6 × 108 c.f.u. per g. In both spices, mesophilic sporeformers like Bacillus occurred. Coliforms ranged in counts from 102-103 per g. Fungal counts ranged from 0.6 × 104 to 16 × 105 per g for black pepper and from 0.5 × 103 to 11.1 × 105 per g for turmeric powder. Fungal flora included mainly Aspergillus spp. with the occurrence of Mucor in some of the samples. No other organisms were observed in the dilutions plated. The extent of contamination was slightly greater in pepper than in turmeric, although both spices were of a poor quality when compared with international standards.

Determination of radon and radium concentrations in drinking water samples around the city of Kutahya

2013 ◽  
Vol 155 (4) ◽  
pp. 474-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Sahin ◽  
H. Cetinkaya ◽  
M. Murat Sac ◽  
M. Ichedef
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
The City ◽  
Drinking Water Samples

scholarly journals Anthropogenic factors of influence on the morbidity of the dental system of the children's population of Makhachkala

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 354-358
Author(s):  
I. N. Osmanov ◽  
F. I. Osmanova ◽  
T. F. Kosyreva
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Anthropogenic Impact ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Dental Instruments ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

Relevance. The study of the relationship between the dental morbidity of children in the city of Makhachkala from the anthropogenic impact of a landfill.Materials and methods. The study was based on a survey of children aged 2 to 17 years in three kindergartens and two schools in the city of Makhachkala in the zone of ecological distress. A total of – 420 children were examined, including – 85 of the temporary bite period; – 110 of the replacement bite period and 225 of the permanent bite period. The criteria for the selection of children were the duration of residence in this neighborhood and the presence of the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th health groups. The dental examination included an assessment of the condition of the oral cavity, hard tooth tissues and periodontal tissues using a set of dental instruments according to a generally accepted technique.Results. Studies on the relationship of poor-quality drinking water with a reduced content of fluoride and the prevalence of non-carious lesions of the hard tissues of the teeth revealed that in the city of Makhachkala, a high prevalence of molarincisive enamel hypoplasia was detected in 45.4% of the examined and a multiple form in 31.6%% of systemic hypoplasia, local hypoplasia was noted in 22.1%, segmental hypoplasia was observed in only 4 children from 335 examined. The prevalence of diseases of the oral mucosa is due to a decrease in immunity in an environmentally unfavorable city, due to the unbalanced composition of macro and microelements in drinking water, high content of sulfur oxides, carbon and dioxin-like compounds in the air. The prevalence and development of caries was noted in 75% of the examined children.Conclusions. The high morbidity rate of the children's population in Makhachkala is associated with the anthropogenic impact of solid household waste, poor-quality drinking water, air and indicates the need to develop modern waste disposal technologies and implement recommendations for the organization of preventive and medical-dental care for children from an early age. 

scholarly journals Physicochemical and Microbiological Analysis of Drinking Water in Al Kamleen City, Gezira State

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 822-824
Author(s):  
Tahani H., Al Agib ◽  
Elnasri M. Mututali
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
World Health ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Central Sudan ◽  
The World ◽  
Biological Aspects ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The City

The study was carried out in Al Kamleen City in Gezira State in central Sudan, to evaluate the drinking water quality by looking into physicochemical and micro-biological aspects. Ten samples of water were collected randomly from different sites in the city and examined for electrical conductivity (E.C.), turbidity, pH and total dissolved solids (TDS). The samples were also examined for the presence of microorganisms during winter, summer and autumn. Results showed that most of the parameters examined were within the limit of the Sudanese standards and Metrology Organization (SSMO, 2015) and the World Health Organization (WHO, 2007). Some samples were contaminated by bacteria including coliform, Escherichia coli and salmonellas and the higher contamination was in autumn.

scholarly journals Validation and application of a GC-MS method for the determination of haloacetic acids in drinking water

2016 ◽  
Vol 81 (11) ◽  
pp. 1273-1282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Chiavelli ◽  
Luana Figueiredo ◽  
Rafaela Almeida ◽  
Thiago Claus ◽  
Swami Maruyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Good Accuracy ◽  
Haloacetic Acids ◽  
Close Relative ◽  
The Public ◽  
Disinfection Process ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
The City ◽  
By Products

Usually, water treatment plants employ chlorine or sodium hypochlorite during the disinfection process, ensuring that there are not any pathogenic microorganisms in water. However, chlorine might react with natural organic matter and lead to formation of potentially carcinogenic by-products regarding human health, such as haloacetic acids (HAAs). Several countries regulate the levels of these acids in drinking water. Therefore, their concentrations must be monitored with the greatest accuracy as possible. In order to achieve this goal, a method through gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was validated and applied to the determination of HAAs in samples of water destined to the public water service provision from the city of Maring?, Paran? State, Brazil. Measurements between two periods have close recovery values, indicating that the method has good accuracy during the same day. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were satisfactory, with LOD 0.42 ?g L-1 and LOQ 1.40 ?g L-1 for dichloro-acetic acid (DCAA) analysis. Recovery values obtained for the nine haloace-tics acids (HAA9) corresponded to 69.9-107.3 % for samples. The repeatability performed for two periods presented close relative standard deviation (RSD) values, indicating that the method has good accuracy during the same day.

scholarly journals Enterococci used as complementary indicator of fecal contamination to assess water quality from public schools in the city of Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Amabile Waideman ◽  
Vivian Plaça Teixeira ◽  
Elisa Hizuru Uemura ◽  
Tânia Montenegro Stamford ◽  
Diego Averaldo Guiguet Leal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Fecal Contamination ◽  
Susceptibility Test ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Test ◽  
The City ◽  
Microbiological Indicators

Abstract The study evaluated the drinking water quality from 45 public schools in the city of Curitiba, Brazil. Water samples were harvested from two different points at each school: the first one, drinking fountain used by students (n=45) and the second, kitchen faucet (n=45), comprising 90 samples. The samples were submitted to analysis according to current legislation, such as: dosage of free chlorine; colony counts of heterotrophic bacteria; presence of total coliform bacteria and Escherichia coli. In addition, an enterococci analysis was also included as a complementary microbiological indicator of fecal contamination. The isolated strains of enterococci were identified and submitted to an antibiotic susceptibility test. In relation to the legal parameters, 35.5% (n=16) of the 45 schools evaluated did not meet the quality water standards set by the Brazilian legislation. Although none of the 90 samples exhibited the presence Escherichia coli, 6.6% (n=6) of the analyzed samples presented enterococci contamination. Regarding the antibiotic susceptibility test, the isolated strains demonstrated a similar behavior, became resistant to six antibiotics and had intermediate sensitivity to one (Streptomycin) of the nine antibiotics tested. The drinking water destined for human consumption in the public schools may pose health risks for students since the fecal contamination by enterococci was confirmed, and it could be observed that the water may be a source of genes from bacteria resistant to antimicrobials. This study reinforces the importance of monitoring complementary microbiological indicators to assure water quality, seeing that fecal contamination was detected only when alternative parameters were inserted, emphasizing the relevance of including microbiological indicators beyond what the legislation requires to evaluate the drinking water more effectively and to safeguard public health.

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