scholarly journals La fertilidad del suelo afecta el crecimiento, nutrición y rendimiento de algodón cultivado en dos sistemas de riego y diferentes dosis de nitrógeno.

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Jesús Santillano Cázares ◽  
Luis Guadalupe Roque Díaz ◽  
Fidel Núñez Ramírez ◽  
Raúl Leonel Grijalva Contreras ◽  
Fabián Robles Contreras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Cell Extract ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
Agronomic Efficiency ◽  
Cotton Crop ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
N Rates

Intrinsic soil fertility and the method of irrigation can affect the efficiency of nitrogen (N) fertilization, modify the yield goal, growth, and nutritional status of crops. A study was carried out with the objective of determining yield, growth, water use efficiency (WUE), agronomic efficiency of N (AEN), NO3- concentration in petiole cell extract (PCE) and chlorophyll index (SPAD) in a cotton crop by effect of N rates and two irrigation methods. The study consisted of two experiments established in soils of high fertility [˃13 g kg-1 organic matter (OM) and N-NO3- ˃ 30 mg kg], with varying N fertilization rates: a) flood irrigation (FRR, 11 and 220 kg N ha‑1), and b) drip irrigation (FRG, 11 to 440 kg N ha-1). Plant height and number of nodes were not affected by the applied treatments. SPAD values and NO3- concentrations in PCE were cubically related to crop yield. The highest yield and WUE was obtained in the experiment with drip irrigation. In the FRR experiment no response (P > 0.05) to N fertilization treatments was found. In the FRG experiment, application of 440 kg N ha‑1 reduced yield by 43% compared to the rest of the evaluated rates. AEN was statistically higher (P < 0.001) in treatments fertilized with 11 kg N ha‑1. The low yield response due to application of N in cotton was attributed to high concentrations of N-NO3- and OM that are present in the soils in which the experiments were conducted.

scholarly journals Optimizing N Fertilization to Improve Yield, Technological and Nutritional Quality of Tomato Grown in High Fertility Soil Conditions

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Domenico Ronga ◽  
Alfonso Pentangelo ◽  
Mario Parisi
Keyword(s):  
N Fertilization ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Tomato Crop ◽  
Processing Tomato ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
N Rates

Processing tomato is the second most important worldwide cash crop, generally produced in high-input systems. However, fruit yield and quality are affected by agronomic management, particularly nitrogen (N) fertilization, whose application to indeterminate growth genotypes for canning has yet to be investigated in depth. Hence, the objective of this work was to assess the effects of different N rates (0, 50, 125, 200, 275, and 350 kg ha−1) on fruit yield and quality characteristics of processing tomato ‘San Marzano’ landrace. The results of our study showed that 125 and 200 kg of N ha−1 are the most appropriate rates in soil with high fertility, ensuring the highest values of marketable yield and brix yield. However, plants fertilized with 125 kg of N ha−1 attained higher values of N efficiency and fruit K and P concentrations than plants fertilized with 200 kg of N ha−1. Our results suggest that overdoses of N supplies negatively affected fruit yield and quality of San Marzano landrace grown in high soil fertility conditions, also reducing the agricultural sustainability. Hence, specific agronomic protocol and extension services are required to optimally manage tomato crop systems.

scholarly journals Yield, Water-, and Nitrogen-use Efficiency in Field-grown, Grafted Tomatoes

HortScience ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 485-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Desire Djidonou ◽  
Xin Zhao ◽  
Eric H. Simonne ◽  
Karen E. Koch ◽  
John E. Erickson
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
N Use Efficiency ◽  
Irrigation Regime ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
N Rates ◽  
N Use

In addition to managing soilborne diseases, grafting with vigorous rootstocks has been shown to improve yield in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) production. However, the influence of different levels of nitrogen (N) and irrigation supplies on grafted tomato plants has not been fully examined in comparison with non-grafted plants, especially under field conditions. The objective of this two-year study was to determine the effects of different irrigation regimes and N rates on yield, irrigation water use efficiency (iWUE), and N use efficiency (NUE) of grafted tomato plants grown with drip irrigation in sandy soils of north Florida. The determinate tomato cultivar Florida 47 was grafted onto two interspecific hybrid rootstocks, ‘Beaufort’ and ‘Multifort’ (S. lycopersicum × S. habrochaites S. Knapp & D.M. Spooner). Non-grafted ‘Florida 47’ was used as a control. Plants were grown in a fumigated field under 12 combinations of two drip irrigation regimes (50% and 100% of commonly used irrigation regime) and six N rates (56, 112, 168, 224, 280, and 336 kg·ha−1). The field experiments were arranged in a split-plot design with four replications. The whole plots consisted of the irrigation regime and N rate combination treatments, whereas the subplots represented the two grafting treatments and the non-grafted plants. Self-grafted ‘Florida 47’ was also included in the 100% irrigation and 224 kg N/ha fertilization treatment as a control. In 2010, the 50% irrigation regime resulted in higher total and marketable yields than the 100% irrigation regime. Tomato yield was significantly influenced by N rates, but similar yields were achieved at 168 kg·ha−1 and above. Plants grafted onto ‘Beaufort’ and ‘Multifort’ showed an average increase of 27% and 30% in total and marketable fruit yields, respectively, relative to non-grafted plants. In 2011, fruit yields were affected by a significant irrigation by N rate interaction. Grafting significantly increased tomato yields, whereas grafted plants showed greater potential for yield improvement with increasing N rates compared with non-grafted plants. Self-grafting did not affect tomato yields. More fruit per plant and higher average fruit weight as a result of grafting were observed in both years. Grafting with the two rootstocks significantly improved the irrigation water and N use efficiency in tomato production. Results from this study suggested the need for developing irrigation and N fertilization recommendations for grafted tomato production in sandy soils.

scholarly journals Using Nitrogen Balance to Calculate Fertilization in Strawberries

2000 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.F. Gariglio ◽  
R.A. Pilatti ◽  
B.L. Baldi
Keyword(s):  
N Fertilization ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
N Balance ◽  
Santa Fe ◽  
Soil N Mineralization ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Total Crop ◽  
N Rates ◽  
Nitrogen Demand

In Santa Fe, Argentina, strawberries (Fragari ×ananassa Duch.) are cultivated in the area of Coronda where N fertilization usually exceeds crop requirements. The objective of this work was to test four types of fertilization methodology to optimize fertilizer use efficiency. Experiments were carried out at the horticultural center of the Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria, in Esperanza, Santa Fe, 31.15° S latitude, on a typical argiudol soil. `Chandler' was planted 13 Mar. 1996. Nitrogen demand was related to the dry matter production with N content decreasing to increment of biomass (W), soil N mineralization was estimated according to the program EDAFO version 3. Using previous data, a monthly balance was calculated and four treatments were devised: control (T0) = without fertilization; treatment 1 (T1) = N fertilization covering the accumulated monthly deficit, 53 kg·ha-1 (47 lb/acre); treatment 2 (T2) = N fertilization covering the monthly deficit 66 kg·ha-1 (58 lb/acre); treatment 3 (T3) = N fertilization covering the total crop demand 117 kg·ha-1 (104 lb/acre). All N treatments significantly increased yields over the control. Yield increased to increasing N rates from 0 to 53 kg·ha-1. This response was due to an increase in fruit number but not in fruit weight. High N rates promoted runner growth without increasing fruit yield. The use N balance method for strawberry fertilization showed satisfactory results. Accumulated N balance (T1), required the least amount of N fertilizer while producing good yield, thus it should be the method adopted to reduce costs and environmental risks of N fertilization.

Effect of rate of nitrogen fertilizer on the above- and below-ground biomass of irrigated bromegrass in southwest Saskatchewan

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 1057-1067 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Leyshon
Keyword(s):  
N Fertilization ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
Root Mass ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
N Application ◽  
Nutrient Quality ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
N Rates

A 9-yr study was conducted on an alluvial clay loam at Swift Current, Saskatchewan to determine the effect of annual applications of urea-N (46-0-0) fertilizer on production, nutrient quality, N use efficiency, root mass, and root distribution of bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.). Nitrogen was applied annually at the rates of 0, 50, 100, and 200 kg ha−1 N to an established stand of bromegrass. Plots were flood irrigated. Forage DM yields increased linearly with rate of N applied. In all years, the slope of the response was similar and averaged 24 kg DM kg−1 N. The average y-intercept value was 1794 kg DM ha−1. In years 1–4, the N concentration in the grass was depressed at low N rates but after 5 yr the N concentration increased at all N rates. Tissue [Formula: see text] levels over 100 ppm occurred at the 200 kg N rate after 3 yr. Applications of N reduced plant P in all years; the extent depended on N rate. Uptake of N increased with increasing N rate as did the apparent N recovery. Nitrogen rate had no effect on root mass or distribution. Root mass totalled 13 888 kg DM ha−1 to 105-cm depth. Approximately 36% of the root mass was in the top 7.5 cm, 11.9% in the 7.5- to 15-cm depth and 16.9% in the 15-to 30-cm depth. Estimates of the soil space occupied by roots indicate that they would occupy a large proportion of the available pore volume. It was concluded that producers growing bromegrass under irrigation on medium- to heavy-textured soils in southern Saskatchewan can consistently expect considerable increases in hay yield of good quality with N fertilizer at rates up to 200 kg N ha−1. While forage production increased linearly in response to N fertilization, root accumulation remained at a constant level. Further studies are needed to establish maximum yields and economic rates of N application. Key words: N rate, N recovery, roots, forage N, forage P

scholarly journals Water-yield relationships of potato under different irrigation methods and regimens

2006 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 226-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tolga Erdem ◽  
Yesim Erdem ◽  
Halim Orta ◽  
Hakan Okursoy
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Production Planning ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Potato Yield ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Water Yield ◽  
Irrigation Methods ◽  
Use Efficiency

Yield response to irrigation of different crops is of major importance in production planning where water resources are limited. This study aims to determine the effect of different irrigation methods and irrigation regimens on potato yield in the Trakya Region, Turkey, during 2003 and 2005. Potato was grown under furrow and drip irrigation methods and three regimens: irrigation applied when 30, 50, or 70% of the available water was consumed. The seasonal potato evapotranspiration ranged on 501 to 683 mm in 2003, and 464 to 647 mm in 2005. The furrow and drip irrigation methods had no significant effect on tuber yield for both years. Irrigation regimens influenced tuber yield (P < 0.05) in 2005, and the highest tuber yield was registered for 30% irrigation regimen, reaching 35.13 t ha-1 in 2003, and 44.56 t ha-1 in 2005. Water use efficiency values increased from 4.70 to 6.63 kg m-3 for furrow-irrigated treatments, and from 5.19 to 9.47 kg m-3 for drip-irrigated treatments.

scholarly journals Brachiaria species affecting soil nitrification

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 1699-1706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adalton Mazetti Fernandes ◽  
Gabriel José Massoni de Andrade ◽  
Emerson de Freitas Cordova de Souza ◽  
Ciro Antonio Rosolem
Keyword(s):  
N2o Emission ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
Agronomic Efficiency ◽  
Soil Nitrification ◽  
Forage Plants ◽  
Fertilizer N Recovery ◽  
Mineralization Of Organic Matter ◽  
Red Latosol ◽  
N Rates

Nitrification can lead to substantial losses of the applied N through nitrate leaching and N2O emission. The regulation of nitrification may be a strategy to improve fertilizer N recovery and increase its agronomic efficiency. The objective of this study was to evaluate the inhibiting capacity of nitrification in soil by Brachiaria species. The greenhouse experiment was conducted using pots with 10 dm³ of a Red Latosol sample. The treatments consisted of the cultivation of three forage species (Brachiaria brizantha, B. ruziziensis and B. decumbens) and four n rates (0, 100, 200, and 300 mg/pot), and the control (without plants). In the absence of the forage plants, all N fertilization levels raised the N-NO3- soil levels, as a result of nitrification. The mineralization of organic matter supplied much of the N requirement of the forage plants and nitrification was influenced in the rhizosphere of B. brizantha; however, this effect was not high enough to alter the N-NH4+ level in the total soil volume of the pot.

ECONOMICS OF N FERTILIZATION OF BROMEGRASS FOR HAY IN CENTRAL ALBERTA

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 1105-1109 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. MALHI ◽  
V. S. BARON ◽  
D. K. McBEATH
Keyword(s):  
N Fertilization ◽  
Bromus Inermis ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Intensive Management ◽  
Quadratic Regression ◽  
Fertilizer Response ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Climatic Zones ◽  
N Rates

Yield data from N fertilizer response experiments involving bromegrass (Bromus inermis L.) at four locations in central Alberta were fitted to quadratic regression equations. The marginal yield response to fertilizer N and the economic optimum N rates varied with soil climatic zones, being lowest at Botha, an area of low rainfall. Intensive management of grass-type hays appears most economical in the moist compared to dry areas.Key words: Bromus inermis, economics, hay, nitrogen fertlizer

scholarly journals YIELD AND AGRONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF SUNFLOWER IN RESPONSE TO NITROGEN FERTILIZER APPLICATION AND SOWING SEASON

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 871-881
Author(s):  
Rafael Delgado Martínez ◽  
Wilberth Alfredo Poot Poot ◽  
Sergio Castro Nava ◽  
Mª. Teresa de Jesús Segura Martínez ◽  
Miguel Emilio Moreno Ortega
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Agronomic Efficiency ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Sowing Season

ABSTRACT Agronomic responses to the use of agricultural inputs have been used in agriculture to identify the optimal level of nutrients to be supplied for high yield. This strategy helps to avoid economic losses and excessive application of fertilizers that has caused pollution of aquifers and soil degradation. The aim of the study was to evaluate water use efficiency, agronomic efficiency of nitrogen, heat units and use of evapotranspiration in yield and its components in sunflowers under hot climate conditions in function of nitrogen fertilizer application during two sowing season. The experiment was conducted in the field. The treatments were two sowing seasons and three levels of nitrogen fertilizer application and one control: 0, 60, 80 and 120 kg N ha-1. The nitrogen source was urea. The experimental design was complete random blocks with factorial array and four replications. The occurrence of cv. Cobalto sunflower phenological stages were not modified by the treatments. Urea favored agronomic efficiency and water use efficiency. Yield components were modified positively, with increasing receptacle area, 100-grain weight, and grain yield per receptacle. Application of nitrogen fertilizer favored sunflower development, although environmental conditions are of critical importance as demonstrated by a clear interaction between the yield response to fertilizer application and the environment where the plants grew.

scholarly journals Nutrient omission plot technique for yield response, indigenous nutrient supply and nutrient use efficiency estimation of rice (Oryza sativa L.) crop in Andaman & Nicobar Islands

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 388-395
Author(s):  
B Gangaiah
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Nutrient Use Efficiency ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Agronomic Efficiency ◽  
Nutrient Use ◽  
Efficiency Estimation ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Nicobar Islands ◽  
Supply Capacity ◽  
Indigenous Nutrient Supply

A nutrient omission plot technique (NOPT) study in RCBD with 8 treatments (omission (-) of N, P, K, NP, NK, PK and no nutrient omission)and 3 replicates per treatment was made on rice at Port Blair, Andaman and Nicobar Islands during kharif 2015 to ascertain yield response and find out the most crucial nutrient for fertilization.The results revealed that yield response to fertilizers (NPK) was 2.63 t / ha (60.74%). The yield response of P (23.3 %) got multiplied by 2.16 and 2.60 times when combined with N and K applications as compared to their individual effects. Indigenous N, P and K supply capacity of the soil was estimated as 70.6, 10.0 and 80.0 kg/ha. Agronomic efficiency (kg grain / kg nutrient applied) was severely limited by P omission (10.13). The economics(Rs/ha) of rice cultivation indicates that omission of NPK & NP fertilizers results in losses. The highest profits realized with no omission (+NPK) were reduced by 52.3% with P omission. Omission of K followed by N and NK has less impact on profits. Rice crop duration got prolonged and shortened under P and N omission while K omission has no such effect.

scholarly journals Liming Optimizes Nitrogen Fertilization in a Maize-Upland Rice Rotation under No-Till Conditions

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2005
Author(s):  
Carlos Alexandre Costa Crusciol ◽  
Letusa Momesso ◽  
Murilo de Campos ◽  
João William Bossolani ◽  
José Roberto Portugal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
N Use Efficiency ◽  
Agricultural System ◽  
No Till ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
N Rates ◽  
N Use

Liming and N fertilization are common practices for optimizing crop yields in tropical agriculture, but the adequate N rate to ensure crop development, enhance yields and N use efficiency, and improve soil chemical properties has not been established for grass rotation. We assessed the optimal N fertilizer rate for combination with liming in an agricultural system composed of two grasses (maize and rice) in rotation under no-till (NT) conditions. Four N rates (0, 50, 100, and 150 kg N·ha−1) were tested under two liming conditions. Maize (11 Mg·ha−1) and rice (5 Mg·ha−1) yields were highest with lime and 150 kg N·ha−1 applications. At 18 months after liming, lime application increased soil pH. In addition, combining liming with N fertilization further increased SOM content at all N rates. Lime increased available P, exchangeable Ca2+ and Mg2+, and BS at N rates of 0, 50, and 100 kg N·ha−1. Overall, combining liming and N fertilization is beneficial for grass crops under NT conditions, as evidenced by enhanced maize and rice N use efficiency and yields. N fertilization rates of 100 and 150 kg N·ha−1 under lime amendment provided the best improvements in crop yields in this cropping system.

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