scholarly journals Physical and agrochemical properties of alluvial soils with perennial grasses and potatoes seeding

2019 ◽  
pp. 9-15
Author(s):  
Vasiliy Ivanovich Kargin ◽  
Natalya Nikolaevna Ivanova ◽  
Alina Vladimirovna Salnikova
Keyword(s):  
Redox Potential ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Moisture Capacity ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Compacted Soil ◽  
Mobile Forms ◽  
Agrochemical Properties ◽  
Subsurface Layers ◽  
Moisture Storage

During the research it has been found out that there are notable differences in fertility between soils with perennial grasses and potatoes. It was revealed that a strongly compacted soil layer at a depth of 20-50 cm was formed in potato planting. In the layer of 20-40 cm the density of soil increased by 11.6 to 13.0 %, in the layer of 40-50 cm it was by 8.0 –11.8% in comparison with the optimal. Density decrease in perennial grasses seeding led to increase in the total soil porosity by 3-5% and aeration porosity by 2.8–4.7% compared with soil with potato planting. Perennial grasses cultivating increased moisture storage with full moisture capacity in 0-50 cm layer by 1.8–2.0%, capillary moisture capacity by 8.6–19.3%, and the lowest one by 6.7–19.4% compared to soil with potato planting. The studied soils are characterized by moderate-recovery range. In 0-90 cm soil layer of perennial grasses seeding redox potential is not beyond critical indicators. In potato seeding the optimum and good redox potential values was observed only in 0-30 cm layer. In the lower layers, the figure is reduced to critical. It has been found out that arable and subsurface layers of soil in perennial grasses seeding are characterized by satisfactory water permeability. The 0-20 and 20-40 cm soil layers in potato seeding on the are characterized as unsatisfactory according to permeability, but the 40-60 cm layer is satisfactory, which is associated with an increase in silt and lumpy fraction, structure coefficient decrease and increase of lumpy coefficient. Humus deposits in 0-120 cm layer of perennial grasses seeding were 8.8-12.5% higher compared to soils used for potato planting, and 0-50 cm layer were 9.3–21.7% higher. Perennial grasses reduced the acidity of the soil, increased the number of absorbed bases, increased the amount of mobile forms of nitrogen and potassium.

scholarly journals The Effect of Biohumus on Increasing of the Fertility Gray-Brown Soils in Mountainous Shirvan

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 100-104
Author(s):  
E. Abasova
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Control Option ◽  
Mobile Forms ◽  
Agrochemical Properties ◽  
Humus State ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Soil Buffering

The introduction of biohumus into degraded gray-brown soils contributed to the improvement of their agrophysical and agrochemical properties. The density of the arable horizon has decreased by 0.02–0.16 g/cm3, the content of water-resistant aggregates, providing an optimal water-air regime, has doubled. The introduction of biohumus can solve the problem of soil overconsolidation. The research results show that when biohumus is introduced into gray-brown soils in an amount of 3.0, 4.0 and 5.0 m/ha, certain changes occur in the humus content according to its introduction, that is, an increase in the humus content in the arable soil layer compared to with the control option was −0.33, 0.51 and 0.62%. Regular use of biohumus will allow to suspend the process of soil dehumification and improve the conditions of the humus state of the soil, as well as the mineral nutrition of plants, leads to an increase in total nitrogen, mobile forms of phosphorus and potassium, which participate and contribute to an increase in soil buffering and prevent the entry of toxic substances into plants.

scholarly journals On the performance of capillary barriers as landfill cover

1997 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 925-930 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kämpf ◽  
H. Montenegro
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Properties ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Compacted Soil ◽  
Capillary Barriers ◽  
Scale Test ◽  
Coarse Soil

Abstract. Landfills and waste heaps require an engineered surface cover upon closure. The capping system can vary from a simple soil cover to multiple layers of earth and geosynthetic materials. Conventional design features a compacted soil layer, which suffers from drying out and cracking, as well as root and animal intrusion. Capillary barriers consisting of inclined fine-over-coarse soil layers are investigated as an alternative cover system. Under unsaturated conditions, the textural contrast delays vertical drainage by capillary forces. The moisture that builds up above the contact will flow downdip along the interface of the layers. Theoretical studies of capillary barriers have identified the hydraulic properties of the layers, the inclination angle, the length of the field and the infiltration rate as the fundamental characteristics of the system. However, it is unclear how these findings can lead to design criteria for capillary barriers. To assess the uncertainty involved in such approaches, experiments have been carried out in a 8 m long flume and on large scale test sites (40 m x 15 m). In addition, the ability of a numerical model to represent the relevant flow processes in capillary barriers has been examined.

scholarly journals The effect of different rates and forms of sulphur applied on changes of soil agrochemical properties

2008 ◽  
Vol 54 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 171-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Skwierawska ◽  
L. Zawartka ◽  
B. Zawadzki
Keyword(s):  
Soil Layer ◽  
Soil Horizon ◽  
Soil Reaction ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
First Year ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Fertilization Rates ◽  
North East ◽  
Agrochemical Properties ◽  
Soil Agrochemical Properties

A three-year field experiment was conducted from 2000 to 2002 in North-East Poland. Each year three sulphur fertilization rates in the form of sulphate (S-SO<sup>2–</sup><sub>4</sub>) and pure (S-S<sup>0</sup>) sulphur were applied: 40, 80 and 120 kg/ha. In the soil horizon at the depth of 0–40 cm the triple rate of S- and S-S<sup>0</sup>) depressed soil reaction. Acidification of soil caused by S-SO<sup>2–</sup><sub>4</sub> became evident already in the first year of the study while that resulting from S-S<sup>0</sup>) application appeared as late as in the third year. The effect of sulphur on soil in the 40–80 cm horizon was irregular. As the sulphur rates increased and the duration of the experiment progressed, sulphates accumulated in soil. In the 0–40 cm soil layer, the increasing rates of sulphur tended to increase the content of N-NH<sup>+</sup><sub>4</sub>. In most objects, the NPK + S fertilization, and especially the single S-SO<sup>2–</sup><sub>4</sub> treatment, caused an increase in N-NO<sup>–</sup><sub>3</sub> in both soil layers compared with the NPK fertilized object. The dose of 120 kg/ha S-SO<sup>2–</sup><sub>4</sub> caused a significant increase in the concentration of available phosphorus in soil in the 0–40 and 40–80 cm layers.

Modes of agricultural use, productivity and fertility of developed lowland peat soils

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Glubokovskih
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Peat Soils ◽  
Fodder Crop ◽  
Agrochemical Properties ◽  
Agricultural Use ◽  
Fodder Crop Rotation

The results of many years of research on the cultivation of crops in fodder crop rotation on dried peat soil are presented. A productive and agroecological assessment of crop rotation with various saturation with perennial grasses is given. The data on the reduction of peat reserves and changes in the agrochemical properties of the soil are presented.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Pigeon Pea Lines for Biological Soil Decompaction

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Rodolfo Godoy ◽  
Osny Oliveira Santos Bacchi ◽  
Fernando Almeida Moreira ◽  
Klaus Reichardt
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Soil Resistance ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Compacted Soil ◽  
Cultivation Practices ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Growth Development ◽  
Resistance To Penetration

Soil decompaction is generally achieved through mechanical cultivation practices; however biological processes can significantly add to this process through root growth, development, and later senescence. This study was carried out in Piracicaba, SP, Brazil and had the purpose of selecting, among forty one pure pigeon pea lines, the most efficient genotypes that promote soil decompaction by roots penetrating compacted soil layers. Utilizing artificially compacted 30 mm high soil blocks, in a series of experiments, these lines were compared to the cultivar Fava Larga taken as a standard. Three lines were preliminarily selected out of the initial group, and afterwards, in more detailed screenings by monitoring soil resistance to penetration and also evaluating the behavior of Tanzania grass plants seeded after pigeon pea, two of them, g5-94 and g8-95, were selected as possessing the most fit root system to penetrate compacted soil layers.

scholarly journals Depth-Dependent C-N-P Stocks and Stoichiometry in Ultisols Resulting from Conversion of Secondary Forests to Plantations and Driving Forces

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1300
Author(s):  
Xiaogang Ding ◽  
Xiaochuan Li ◽  
Ye Qi ◽  
Zhengyong Zhao ◽  
Dongxiao Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Depth ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Pinus Elliottii ◽  
Slash Pine ◽  
Pine Plantations ◽  
Secondary Forests ◽  
Masson Pine ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Significant Difference

Stocks and stoichiometry of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) in ultisols are not well documented for converted forests. In this study, Ultisols were sampled in 175 plots from one type of secondary forest and four plantations of Masson pine (Pinus massoniana Lamb.), Slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm.), Eucalypt (Eucalyptus obliqua L’Hér.), and Litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn., 1782) in Yunfu, Guangdong province, South China. Five layers of soil were sampled with a distance of 20 cm between two adjacent layers up to a depth of 100 cm. We did not find interactive effects between forest type and soil layer depth on soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) concentrations and storages. Storage of SOC was not different between secondary forests and Eucalypt plantations, but SOC of these two forest types were lower than that in Litchi, Masson pine, and Slash pine plantations. Soil C:P was higher in Slash pine plantations than in secondary forests. Soil CNP showed a decreasing trend with the increase of soil depth. Soil TP did not show any significant difference among soil layers. Soil bulk density had a negative contribution to soil C and P stocks, and longitude and elevation were positive drivers for soil C, N, and P stocks. Overall, Litchi plantations are the only type of plantation that obtained enhanced C storage in 0–100 cm soils and diverse N concentrations among soil layers during the conversion from secondary forests to plantations over ultisols.

scholarly journals YIELD OF PERENNIAL GRASSES AND SOIL FERTILITY OF SOD-PODZOLIC SOIL IN CASE OF LONG-TERM APPLICATION OF MINERAL FERTILIZERS

2021 ◽  
Vol 250 ◽  
pp. 71-77
Author(s):  
A. Yu. Gavrilova ◽  
◽  
A. M. Konova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Mobile Forms ◽  
Unit Dose ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Higher Doses ◽  
Positive Effect

The article considers the effect of increasing doses and various combinations of mineral fertilizers applied to the cover crop on the yield and quality of a mixture of perennial grasses of two - years use, as well as the effect of fertilizers on the agrochemical parameters of sod-podzolic light loamy soil. The objects of the study were Stodolich meadow clover and Leningradskaya 204 meadow timothy grass. The studies were carried out in two crop rotations - with standard and reduced single doses of mineral fertilizers. The research results showed that in the years (VIII rotation) when the unit dose of fertilizers was increased to N20P20K25, the yield of perennial grasses was higher compared to the harvest in the VII rotation. The most appropriate dose in the VII rotation on perennial grasses of the 1st year was N30P30K45, on grasses of the 2nd year - doses of N30P30K45 and N40P40K60. In the VIII rotation, the highest yield of perennial grasses of the 1st year of use was obtained at a dose of N160P160K200 (8.4 t / ha), of grasses of the 2nd year of use at doses of N80P80K100 and N100P100K125 (6.5 t / ha). Positive effect of increasing doses of mineral fertilizers on the content of soil organic matter has been noted. On the contrary, the soil acidity increased from 4.7 to 4.3 units with an increase of mineral doses. Higher doses of fertilizers increased the content of mobile forms of phosphorus and potassium in the soil.

scholarly journals Grazing and Cultivated Grasslands Cause Different Spatial Redistributions of Soil Particles

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (15) ◽  
pp. 2639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinsheng Li ◽  
Jianying Shang ◽  
Ding Huang ◽  
Shiming Tang ◽  
Tianci Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Layer ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Grazing Intensity ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Soil Particle ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Soil Particles ◽  
Heavy Grazing ◽  
Grazing Intensities

The distribution of soil particle sizes is closely related to soil health condition. In this study, grasslands under different grazing intensities and different cultivation ages grasslands were selected to evaluate the dynamics of soil particle size redistribution in different soil layers. When the grazing intensity increased, the percentage of 2000~150-μm soil particles in the 0–10-cm soil layer decreased; 150~53-μm soil particles remained relatively stable among the grazing intensities—approximately 28.52%~35.39%. However, the percentage of less than 53-μm soil particles increased. In cultivated grasslands, the larger sizes (>53 μm) of soil particles increased and the smaller sizes (<53 μm) decreased significantly (p < 0.05) in the 0–10 cm-soil layer with increasing cultivation ages. The increase in small soil particles (<53 μm) in topsoil associated with grazing intensity increased the potential risk of further degradation by wind erosion. The increase in big soil particles (>53 μm) in topsoil associated with cultivation ages decreased the soil capacity of holding water and nutrient. Therefore, to maintain the sustainability of grassland uses, grazing grasslands need to avoid heavy grazing, and cultivated grasslands need to change current cultivation practices.

scholarly journals Rooting patterns of Rumex species under drained conditions

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (8) ◽  
pp. 1638-1642 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. C. J. Voesenek ◽  
C. W. P. M. Blom
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Root Distribution ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
The Other ◽  
Rumex Acetosa ◽  
Soil System ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Vertical Root Distribution ◽  
Rooting Patterns

Root development and architecture were studied in three Rumex species growing in a perforated soil system in the greenhouse. Distinct differences in vertical root distribution under drained conditions were found among the three species. Rumex acetosa and R. palustris had a relatively superficial root pattern, whereas in R. crispus much of the root growth was concentrated in lower soil layers. In the upper soil layer the relative growth rate of the roots of R. palustris was significantly larger than that of the other species. A relation between the characteristic rooting patterns under drained conditions and the Rumex zonation in the field is discussed.

The role of N transformations in the formation of acidic subsurface layers in stock urine patches

Soil Research ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 221 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Condon ◽  
A. S. Black ◽  
M. K. Conyers
Keyword(s):  
Soil Surface ◽  
Urea Hydrolysis ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Urea Solution ◽  
Nitrogen Transformations ◽  
N Transformations ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Subsurface Layers ◽  
Dominant Process

This study examines the role of nitrogen transformations in the acidification of soil under stock urine patches, specifically the formation of acidic subsurface layers. These are horizontal planes of acidity several centimetres below the soil surface. Glasshouse studies were conducted to relate nitrogen transformations to measured pH changes in soil treated with urine or urea solution (simulated urine). Acidic subsurface layers formed in both urine- and simulated urine-treated soil. With the development of a H+ balance model, the contribution of nitrogen transformations to changes in the H+ concentrations in simulated urine patches was determined.During the first 9 days following treatment, urea hydrolysis and NH3 volatilisation dominated changes in H+ concentration. After that, net immobilisation contributed to H+ changes; however, nitrification was the dominant process occurring. Downward movement of NH4+ originating from urea hydrolysis allowed more nitrification to occur in lower soil layers. The net result of these processes was net acidification of the 4–6, 6–8, and 8–10 cm layers by approximately 0.7, 0.6, and 0.3 pH units, respectively. Thus nitrogen transformations were responsible for the formation of acidic subsurface layers in simulated stock urine patches within 6 weeks of application.

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