scholarly journals LAW OF HOMOLOGICAL SERIES IN HEREDITARY VARIABILITY. TO 100 ANNIVERSARY OF THE N.I. VAVILOV DISCOVERY

2020 ◽  
pp. 4-7
Author(s):  
Nikita Valer'evich Ryazantsev
Keyword(s):  
Ussr Academy ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Scientific Discovery ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Russian Science ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Law ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

The article is dedicated to the centenary of the main scientific discovery of the academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences, the Agricultural Academy and the USSR Academy of Sciences N.I. Vavilov - to the law of homological series in hereditary variability. The discovery of the law was one of the most significant events in biology of the first half of the twentieth century and had a significant impact on the selection process. From a biographical point of view, the discovery of the law was for N.I. Vavilov - a young professor, head of the department of private agriculture and genetics of the agronomic faculty of the University of Saratov, a fateful event that brought world fame. In the history of Russian science, much attention is paid to the phenomenon of N.I. Vavilov. At the same time, there is a tendency to analyze his scientific work in the context of three main areas: the doctrine of plant immunity to infectious diseases, the law of homologous series in hereditary variability, and the doctrine of the centers of origin and variety of cultivated plants. In our work, special attention is paid to the integrity of the scientific work of the scientist, which can be traced in all his main works and was put into practice in the world collection of plant genetic resources, the collection of which was carried out under the guidance and with the direct participation of N.I. Vavilov. The history of the perception of the law at different periods in the development of biology and the role of this discovery in the posthumous memory of its author, N.I. Vavilov, who became a symbol of a real scientist and patriot.

scholarly journals “T.N. GRANOVSKY AS A SCHOLAR OF HISTORY (ON THE CENTENARY OF HIS DEATH 1855-1955)” (the Report Written by Associate Member of the USSR Academy of Sciences, Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor Sergei Ivanovich Arkhangelsky (1882-1958), Read by Him on November 23, 1955)

2020 ◽  
pp. 10-29
Author(s):  
Kseniia Vladimirovna Fedoseeva
Keyword(s):  
Ussr Academy ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Scientific Biography ◽  
Associate Member ◽  
Scientific Organizations ◽  
Introductory Article ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Moscow School ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

This paper consists of an introductory article and an original source text with the author's commentary. It introduces into scientific circulation S. I. Archangelsky's report "T. N. Granovsky as a Scholar of History", prepared for public reading in 1955. The research object of the introductory article is the scientific work of Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor and Associate Member of the USSR Academy of Sciences S. I. Arkhangelsky (1882-1958). The research subject is his work focused on the history of historical sciences and the place that he assigned to himself in the framework of the Moscow school of scholars at that time. The author also attempts to delimit S.I. Arkhangelsky's texts, conducted within the framework of cooperation with Nizhny Novgorod and Moscow scientific organizations. The work of S.I. Arkhangelsky is considered through the prism of an analysis of the scientific schools and corporations of scholars. The author applied the comparative-historical and biographical methods, as well as the general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis. The novelty of the presented research lies in the fact that, in the first place, it introduces into scientific circulation the previously unknown text of S.I. Arkhangelsky, dedicated to the work of T.N. Granovsky, which is important both for the further development of the history of Russian historical sciences and for the reconstruction of the scientific biography of S.I. Arkhangelsky; secondly, the author significantly enhances the picture of the initial formation of S.I. Arkhangelsky as a specialist in world history, differentiating between his research on domestic and foreign history; the author also reveals the role and place of the scientist within the corporation of scholars.

scholarly journals The Institute of Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences: 50 Years Studying the Society, the Vital Interests and People’s Values

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-17
Author(s):  
Mikhail K. Gorshkov
Keyword(s):  
Ussr Academy ◽  
Human Potential ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Russian Science ◽  
Scientific Schools ◽  
Leading Position ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

The article presents the history of the first scientific sociological institution in the USSR in 1968. This event was important for the development of Russian sociological science, which for many years was in oblivion in our country. During its half-century history, the Institute changed its name – ICSI USSR Academy of Sciences, Institute of sociology RAS, FCTAS RAS, but remained a leading scientific sociological Institute. Over the years, it has accumulated a unique human potential – people, traditions, scientific schools. Today, the Institute maintains a leading position in Russian science, solving important tasks of studying the processes taking place in the Russian society, justifying scientific forecasts and giving recommendations. The new status of the Federal sociological center gives hope to the recognition by the government and the state of the important role of sociology in the understanding of society.

25 years of the Institute of Slavic Studies of the Slovak Academy of Sciences

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 226-235
Author(s):  
Marina M. Valentsova ◽  
Elena S. Uzeneva
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
25Th Anniversary ◽  
Religious Texts ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
Slavic Languages ◽  
Language History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Slavic Studies

The essay was written to mark the 25th anniversary of the Slavic Institute named after Jan Stanislav SAS (Bratislava). The Institute was founded to conduct interdisciplinary research on the relationships of the Slovak language and culture with other Slavic languages and cultures, as well as to study the Slovak-Latin, Slovak-Hungarian, and Slovak-German cultural and linguistic interactions in ancient times and the Middle Ages. The article introduces the main milestones in the formation and development of the Institute, its employees, the directions of their scientific work, and their significant publications. The main areas of research of the Slavic Institute (initially the Slavic Cabinet) cover linguistics (lexicography, history of language), history, folklore, cultural studies, musicology, and textology. Much attention is paid to the annotated translation of foreign religious texts into Slovak. A valuable contribution of the Institute to Slavic Studies is the creation of a database of Cyrillic and Latin handwritten and printed texts related to the Byzantine-Slavic tradition in Slovakia.

“A Page from the History of Marxism”: Gefter’s Edevours to Read Marx Anew

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3-1) ◽  
pp. 11-34
Author(s):  
Svetlana Neretina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Ussr Academy ◽  
Strategy Development ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Historical Science ◽  
Historical Process ◽  
The Sixties ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

The purpose of this paper is to show how the thought and speech of people holding and defending directly opposite positions affect the change in the thought and speech of people of their own and subsequent generations, with different life orientations, and to find ways of this influence. The author describes the situation that arose at the end of the sixties of the twentieth century, known as the ideological dispersal of philosophical, historical and sociological trends that ran counter to the policy of the CPSU, which became especially fierce in the fight against opponents after the USSR’s invasion of Czechoslovakia in August, 1968. One of the results of such an ideological battle was the defeat of the sector of the methodology of history of the Institute of General History of the USSR Academy of Sciences, headed by M. Ya. Gefter, who published a series of books in which the so-called laws of historical development (formational approach) were questioned and the fundamental provisions of the classics of Marxism-Leninism were criticized. The subject of analysis is Gefter’s article “A Page from the History of Marxism in the Early 20th Century”, published in the book “Historical Science and Some Problems of the Modernity”, dedicated to the analysis of Lenin’s tactics and strategy development which changed the views of many, especially young, historians on the historical process, and most importantly - on the methods of seeking and expressing the truth. The differences were expressed primarily in the fact that the proponents and defenders of the Soviet regime, which was based on their own established norms of Marxism-Leninism, fearlessly used all means of pressure on unwanted opponents. Professionals, however, who tried to understand the true sense of the historical process, the sense of judgments about it, especially the sense of the revolutionary struggle against the autocracy, unfolding at the beginning of the twentieth century, were forced to use the Aesopian language, which also provoked a distortion of this sense in many ways: due to the nebulous and veiled expressions, which give the impression of theoretical blackmail, causing such consequences as speech irresponsibility.

TO THE 40TH ANNIVERSARY OF IPREK SB RAS

2021 ◽  
pp. 113-115
Author(s):  
A. P. Ptitsyn ◽  
◽  
O. V. Korsun ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ussr Academy ◽  
40Th Anniversary ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Siberian Branch ◽  
History Of ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

The article is devoted to the 40th anniversary of IPREK SB RAS. The history of the institute’s creation and tasks set for it by the Presidium of the Siberian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences are briefly described. Modern research directions are reflected in reports of the anniversary conference held in August-September 2021. The most striking results of world significance are presented, as well as the geography of applied environmental works performed in the Trans-Baikal Territory. The list of advanced research directions included in the plans of the Institute is given.

SUBJECT AND METHOD OF ARCHEOLOGY: F. V. KIPARISOV'S NOTION

2021 ◽  
pp. 60-67
Author(s):  
MIHAIL KISELEV
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Scientific Discipline ◽  
Historical Science ◽  
Material Sources ◽  
Archival Source ◽  
History Of ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The article provides information on the report of F. V. Kiparisov, kept in the Archives of the Russian Academy of Sciences, "The Subject and Method of Archeology" and discussions on the report at the meeting of the Institute of History of the Communist Academy, dated November 29, 1931. The aim of the work was to introduce an unpublished archival source into scientific circulation on the history of archeology. As a result of studying the document, some conclusions can be drawn: the main advantage of the scientific work of F. V. Kiparisov, in our opinion, is an attempt to determine the place of archeology in historical science as an auxiliary scientific discipline. The scientist assigned a special place to material sources in the study of thehistorical development of society. At the same time, the report did not touch upon the questions of the methods of archeology, stated in the title of the speech. As for the relationship of archeology with the history of material culture, the differences between them were not convincing enough by the speaker. During the discussion on the report, scientists of the Institute of History criticized the position of the speaker both on issues of archeology and on the history of material cultures. The information provided will expand the source base on the history of archeology and can be used for research and educational purposes.

Facing Historical Challenges: the Work of Soviet Philosophers During the Great Patriotic War

2020 ◽  
pp. 175-181
Author(s):  
Anatoly V. Chernyaev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Work ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
State Identity ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Science And Culture ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Heritage ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
The Military

The Great Patriotic War was a decisive challenge not only for the military power and material and technical base of our country, but also for its spiritual, cultural and ideological foundations. Many Russian philosophers became participants in the hos­tilities, but the role of philosophers who continued scientific work was no less im­portant, the plans of which were adjusted and aimed at implementing projects re­lated to the strengthening of patriotism, the development of national identity, the revival of the classical forms of science and culture, consistent with historical heritage of Russia. This scientific work was in the context of the socio-cultural and spiritual processes that intensified in the USSR during the war and responded to the tasks of strengthening defense capability and the formation of a new socio-state identity. The main undertakings implemented in this connection by the Institute of Philosophy of the USSR Academy of Sciences were the development of the history of Russian philosophical thought and the creation of a new textbook of formal logic. These areas of research activity have shown their relevance in the light of the chal­lenges of wartime and prospects in terms of the long-term development of science.

scholarly journals Philosophical and Legal Foundations of the Scientific Worldview of A. L. Blok

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 51-67
Author(s):  
Elena V. Safronova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Work ◽  
Scientific School ◽  
State Law ◽  
Russian Science ◽  
Scientific Heritage ◽  
Law Faculty ◽  
History Of ◽  
Legal Foundations ◽  
Special Studies ◽  
Scientific Worldview

Introduction. Next year marks the 170th anniversary of the birth of Alexander L’vovich Blok (1852–1909), a talented scientist and statesman, professor and dean of the Law Faculty of the Imperial University of Warsaw, a philosopher, a man of “Aristotelian erudition”, and the father of the Russian poet Alexander Blok. His name is associated with the birth of the scientific school of sociological and political positivism in the Russian science of state law. However, there are no special studies devoted to the evolution of the ideas of sociological positivism in Russia. In this regard, the appeal of the work of one of the founders of this school, who brought up a whole galaxy of talented scientists (Taranovsky, F. V., Spek- torsky, E. V., Reisner, M. A.), is of undoubted scientific interest. Theoretical Basis and Methods. An attempt is made to reconstruct both the philosophical and legal foundations of the scientific worldview of A. L. Blok. When writing this work, a broad methodological base was used, characteristic of the history of the teachings on law and the state. The combination of metaphysical and dialectical approaches with the use of a methodological arsenal of socio-political and natural-legal doctrines made it possible to study and systematise the conceptual provisions of the scientific heritage of A. L. Blok. Results. The article traces the evolution of the scientist’s state-legal views in the context of the development of the science of state law in Russia. The study of the works published by A. L. Blok pays testimony to the independence of his ideas, his critical attitude to the pre- vailing Western European theories, and the originality of the methodological approaches developed by him to the study of state-legal phenomena. Discussion and Conclusion. The search and reconstruction of the main scientific work of the scientist-”Fundamental questions of politics”, on which he worked all his life, “like Plato on ‘Politics’ or Goethe on ‘Faust’, remains an unresolved task of historical and historical – legal science” [Spectorsky, E. V., 1911, p. 65], as well as the systematisation of the key ideas of the scientific school created by him.

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