scholarly journals RESPONSE OF SENSITIVE CORN HYBRIDS TO THE ASSOCIATION OF NICOSULFURON AND TIMING OF NITROGEN APPLICATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Heitor Franco de Sousa ◽  
Paulo César Timossi ◽  
Antônio Paulino da Costa Netto ◽  
Claudio Hideo Martins Costa
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Corn Crop ◽  
Coated Urea ◽  
The One

Nicosulfuron is an herbicide used in corn crop for controlling weeds, some hybrids are sensitivity to nicosulfuron even more when it is applied near to the application of nitrogen fertilizers. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the response of sensitive corn hybrids to association of urea and coated urea applied near to nicosulfuron application on V4 corn stage. P 3646 hybrid was the most sensitive, and urea and coated urea applied near to nicosulfuron had significant effect on corn growth for all hybrids. Most hybrids showed high or significant (p < 0.10) correlation coefficients for grain yield, cob length and row per ear. SYN 7341 hybrid was the one that showed better results in grain yield with urea and nicosulfuron combination. Coated urea should not be applied after V8corn stage when nicosulfuron is applied at V4.

scholarly journals Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Its Application Efficiency on Two Local Sorghum Cultivars Sorghum bicolor L. Moench

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 236
Author(s):  
Abdulla A. Mohamed Muflahi ◽  
Ahmed Saleh Basuaid
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Nitrogen Efficiency ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

A field experiment was carried out at El-Kod Agricultural Research Station, Abyan Delta, Abyan Governorate during the seasons 2014 and 2015 in soil sandy silt to assess four levels of nitrogen fertilizers (0, 55, 110 and 165 kg N/ha) utilizing urea fertilizer (46% N) on some crop characteristics and efficiency of nitrogen application on two local cultivars of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench). Split plot design was applied in four replicates. Fertilizer levels were distributed in main plots whereas, the cultivars in subplots. The results revealed significant differences between cultivars Benny and Saif in all characteristics during the two seasons. Cultivar Benny was significantly superior to cultivar Saif in all crop characteristics, except the length of spike which was significantly superior in Saif cultivar compared to cultivar Benny in both seasons. The increase in nitrogen level led to significant increase in all parameters of crop growth under study in both seasons, where the highest dose of nitrogen (165 kg N/ha) gave highest grain yield (3013 and 3201 kg/ha) in both seasons respectively, while the efficiency of nitrogen utilization declined with increased level of nitrogen application and highest value in nitrogen efficiency (12.78 kg grain/kg N). The interaction between cultivars and nitrogen fertilizer showed significant differences in terms of all studied parameters during both seasons. The cultivar Benny responded to high level of nitrogen (165 kg N/ha) and gave high grain yield (3640 and 3305 kg/ha) in both seasons respectively. The results yielded significant effect for efficiency of nitrogen application on grain yield between the cultivars, the levels of fertilizers and their interaction in the first season whereas, no significant differences were detected in the second season.

scholarly journals Ammonia volatilization and yield components after application of polymer-coated urea to maize

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 1200-1206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Zavaschi ◽  
Letícia de Abreu Faria ◽  
Godofredo Cesar Vitti ◽  
Carlos Antonio da Costa Nascimento ◽  
Thiago Augusto de Moura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Ammonia Volatilization ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Favorable Effect ◽  
Nutritional Characteristics ◽  
Coated Urea ◽  
Polymer Coated Urea ◽  
Spad Readings

A form of increasing the efficiency of N fertilizer is by coating urea with polymers to reduce ammonia volatilization. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of polymer-coated urea on the control of ammonia volatilization, yield and nutritional characteristics of maize. The experiment was carried out during one maize growing cycle in 2009/10 on a Geric Ferralsol, inUberlândia, MG, Brazil. Nitrogen fertilizers were applied as topdressing on the soil surface in the following urea treatments: polymer-coated urea at rates of 45, 67.5 and 90 kg ha-1 N and one control treatment (no N), in randomized blocks with four replications. Nitrogen application had a favorable effect on N concentrations in leaves and grains, Soil Plant Analysis Development (SPAD) chlorophyll meter readings and on grain yield, where as coated urea had no effect on the volatilization rates, SPAD readings and N leaf and grain concentration, nor on grain yield in comparison to conventional fertilization.

scholarly journals The effect of yield components on grain yield in different progeny types of an F3 maize population

Genetika ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-198
Author(s):  
Slavisa Stojkovic ◽  
Nebojsa Deletic ◽  
Milan Biberdzic ◽  
Miroljub Aksic ◽  
Dragoljub Bekovic
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Maize Population ◽  
Path Coefficients ◽  
Multiple Determination ◽  
The One

This paper deals with the investigation of S1 and HS progenies obtained from an F3 maize population. Those two progeny groups were created in 2004, and field trials were carried out in the period 2005-2006 at three locations near Aleksinac, Leskovac, and Krusevac, in RCB design. After genotypic correlation coefficients were calculated, they were used to calculate path coefficients and multiple determination coefficients. Analysis of path coefficients showed significant direct effects of the all studied traits in both S1 and HS progeny types. In S1 progenies indirect effects were significant for the all paths, except for percent of stalk and root lodged plants through 1000 grain mass, 1000 grain mass through percent of stalk and root lodged plants, and for 1000 grain mass through number of grain rows. The strongest direct effect on grain yield in HS progenies was shown by percent of stalk and root lodged plants (0.68**), while number of grains per row gave the strongest negative direct effect on grain yield (-0.97**). Multiple determination coefficients were significant for the most of independent variables' combinations in both progeny types. Numerous combinations composed of just few traits showed joint effects almost equal to the one showed by all seven independent variables.

scholarly journals Management of nitrogen fertilization on agronomic and nutritional characteristics in second crop corn

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daiane de Souza Bueno ◽  
Sebastião Ferreira de Lima ◽  
Matildes Blanco ◽  
Paulo Carteri Coradi
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
Corn Production ◽  
Foliar N ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Mode Of Application ◽  
Nutritional Characteristics ◽  
Coated Urea ◽  
Ear Height ◽  
Polymer Coated Urea

Fertilization management, mainly nitrogen, is one of the factors that most directly affect corn grain yield. Nitrogen dynamics in the soil is quite complex and its main source currently used in corn production, the urea, undergo intense losses in its conventional form, mainly by volatilization and leaching. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the effect of forms, sources, and times of nitrogen application on the second crop corn. The experiment was conducted in 2016 in the Fundação Chapadão, Chapadão do Sul, MS, Brazil. The sources conventional urea, polymer-coated urea, and foliar N (8 treatments) were used as follows: control (without N addition), conventional urea (single in V3 and split in V3 and V6), polymer-coated urea (single in V3 and split in V3 and V6), conventional urea + foliar N (conventional urea in V6 and foliar in pre-flowering), polymer-coated urea + foliar N (polymer-coated urea in V6 and foliar in pre-flowering), and foliar N (split in V6 and pre-flowering). The variables stem diameter, ear index, ear length, number of grains per row, number of rows per ear, plant height, first ear height, leaf chlorophyll index, leaf N index, leaf values of Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn, and Cu, 100-grain weight, and grain yield were assessed. Nitrogen application in the form of conventional urea, polymer-coated urea, and foliar N (single or split) for second crop corn does not result in distinct benefits for the crop. Thus, attention should be paid to the commercialization of the product, which has prices established according to nitrogen forms, but without result, for example, in grain yield, which in fact will compose the producer income. The applied nitrogen form and mode of application were positive only to increase the contents of Ca, Mg, Zn, and Mn in the leaves of second crop corn. Ca was favored by the use of conventional urea and split conventional urea, Mg and Mn were only benefited by foliar N application, and Zn was benefited by the use of conventional urea, split conventional urea, conventional urea + foliar N, and polymer-coated urea+foliar N.

scholarly journals Methods of application and doses of inoculation with Azospirillum in agronomic performance of off-season corn crop

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Vilela Andrade Fiorini ◽  
Cassiano Spaziani Pereira ◽  
Mateus Emanuel Schoffen ◽  
Mauricio Escobar Tonial ◽  
Daniele Cristina Costa Sabino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Corn Crop ◽  
Application Methods ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Bovine Gelatin

In order to achieve high yields for off-season corn crop sown after soybean harvest, high doses of nitrogen fertilizers are required. Biological nitrogen fixation helps reduce the use of nitrogen fertilizers through the inoculation of nitrogen-fixing associative bacteria, such as those of the genus Azospirillum. This study aimed to evaluate the agronomic performance of corn hybrid DKB390Y in response to different application methods, such as using inoculant and doses of inoculant with Azospirillum brasilense. The experiment was conducted in a property adjacent to Federal University of Mato Grosso (Sinop campus), between February and July 2018. The experimental design included randomized blocks in a 3×5 factorial arrangement, replicated four times (with three application methods: foliar spraying; spraying foliar with bovine gelatin; and with a paint roller (Black & DeckerRapid Roller BDPR400-wool®) and five doses of inoculant: 0, 100, 200, 400 and 800 mL ha-1). No significant differences were obtained through the application methods in the rates of chlorophyll, plant height, stem diameter, number of rows of grains, number of grains per row, ear length, ear diameter and weight of one thousand grains, except for grain yield. Grain yield was found to be superior with foliar inoculation at 100 mL ha-1 method foliar spray, and 200 mL ha-1 at method foliar application with bovine gelatin.

scholarly journals Ammonia volatilization and yield of corn fertilized with different nitrogen sources in the Brazilian semiarid

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wadson de Menezes Santos ◽  
Bruno José Rodrigues Alves ◽  
Segundo Urquiaga ◽  
Edson Patto Pacheco ◽  
Inácio de Barros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Nh3 Volatilization ◽  
N Losses ◽  
N Sources ◽  
Coated Urea

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the use of different nitrogen fertilizers on N losses by NH3 volatilization and on the grain yield of a corn (Zea mays) crop grown in the semiarid region of the state of Sergipe, Brazil. Corn was managed under rainfed conditions and conventional tillage. The fertilization treatments were: sulfur-coated urea (SU) and organo-mineral-coated urea (OMU). Regular urea and ammonium sulfate (AS) were also included as a reference of N sources of high and low NH3-volatilization potential, as well as a control without N fertilization. The N sources were applied to the soil surface at a rate of 150 kg ha-1 N as side-dressing at the V5 growth stage of corn. The experiment was carried out in 2015 and repeated in 2016. Losses of N through NH3 volatilization differed among the N sources in the two study years, with AS presenting the lowest N losses and regular urea, the highest. In the area treated with OMU, losses by NH3 volatilization were consistently controlled, showing a reduction of 74 and 67% in relation to that of regular urea in both years. SU, however, only mitigated NH3-N losses in 2015, increasing them in 2016, compared with regular urea. Corn plant grain yield and N status, assessed by the index leaf, did not clearly reflect N losses by NH3 volatilization. For the semiarid of Sergipe, OMU is the best urea-based fertilizer to mitigate N losses by NH3 volatilization, and the use of AS is an alternative to increase corn yield and eliminate N losses as NH3.

IMPROVEMENT OF SPRING DURUM WHEAT SELECTION METHODOLOGIES UNDER CLIMATE CHANGE CONDITIONS

1970 ◽  
pp. 33-36
Author(s):  
А. I. Grabovets ◽  
V. P. Kadushkina ◽  
S. А. Kovalenko
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Chemical Mutagenesis ◽  
Main Method ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Selection Of

With the growing aridity of the climate on the Don, it became necessary to improve the methodology for conducting the  breeding of spring durum wheat. The main method of obtaining the source material remains intraspecific step hybridization. Crossings were performed between genetically distant forms, differing in origin and required traits and properties. The use of chemical mutagenesis was a productive way to change the heredity of genotypes in terms of drought tolerance. When breeding for productivity, both in dry years of research and in favorable years, the most objective markers were identified — the size of the aerial mass, the mass of grain per plant, spike, and harvest index. The magnitude of the correlation coefficients between the yield per unit area and the elements of its structure is established. It was most closely associated with them in dry years, while in wet years it decreased. Power the correlation of the characteristics of the pair - the grain yield per square meter - the aboveground biomass averaged r = 0.73, and in dry years it was higher (0.91) than in favorable ones (0.61 - 0.70) , between the harvest and the harvest index - r = 0.81 (on average). In dry years, the correlation coefficient increased to 0.92. Research data confirms the greatest importance of the mass of grain from one ear and the plant in the formation of grain yield per unit area in both dry and wet years. In dry years, the correlation coefficient between yield and grain mass per plant was on average r = 0.80; in favorable years, r = 0.69. The relationship between yield and grain mass from the ear was greater — r = 0.84 and r = 0.82, respectively. Consequently, the breeding significance of the aboveground mass and the productivity of the ear, as a criterion for the selection of the crop, especially increases in the dry years. They were basic in the selection.

YIELD OF CORN HYBRIDS DEPENDING ON PLANT DENSITY AND FERTILIZATION SYSTEMS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Polyakov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Field Calculation ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Maize Hybrid ◽  
Fertilizer System

The article presents the results of research on the formation of corn yield for grain depending on the elements of cultivation technology in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The goal of the research was to identify the influence of plant density and fertilizer system on the yield of corn hybrids for grain. The research was conducted during 2017-2019 in the research field of Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University (Bila Tserkva NAU). Research methods: field, calculation and statistical. Results. Regularities of growth, development and formation of yield by plants are revealed, both in concrete conditions of years of researches, and taking into account average long-term values taking into account features of hybrid-oriented technology. According to the results of the experiment it was recorded that the maximum yields for growing early-maturing maize hybrid DN PIVYHA with FAO 180 in general were obtained at a pre-harvest density of 75 thousand units/ha and the use of combined organo-mineral fertilizer system - 11.09 t/ha; medium-early maize hybrid DN ORLYK, FAO 280 in general in the experiment provided a grain yield of 9.60 t/ha, and in terms of 2017 - 7.86 t/ha, in 2018 - 11.22 t/ha and in 2019 - 9, 72 t/ha, but the medium-ripe hybrid of corn DN SARMAT, FAO 380 provided a grain yield of 10.81 t/ha, and in the context of 2017 - 9.31 t/ha, in 2018 - 11.68 t/ha and in 2019 - 11.44 t/ha. Significant influence on the formation of the yield of corn has a hybrid factor (27 %), fertilizer system determines the level of productivity by 21 % and interacts closely with the conditions of the growing season (factor BV 9 %), growing season conditions also determine the level of productivity of corn plants (19 %), and the pre-harvest density determines this feature by 18 %. Conclusions: In the conditions of the Right Bank part of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine there is an increase in the level of productivity of maize hybrids from early to medium-ripe hybrids, regardless of the influence of other experimental factors.

Yield and chlorophyll index in cabbage in function of enhanced-efficiency nitrogen fertilizers and urea

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
J. J. Frazão ◽  
A. R. Silva ◽  
F. H. M. Salgado ◽  
R. A. Flores ◽  
E. P. F. Brasil
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
N Losses ◽  
N Sources ◽  
Promising Strategy ◽  
Applied Dose ◽  
Coated Urea ◽  
Chlorophyll Index ◽  
Polymer Coated Urea ◽  
N Rates ◽  
And Control

The increase of the efficiency of the nitrogen fertilization promotes reduction of the applied dose and decreases the losses of nitrogen (N) to the environment. The objective of this work was to evaluate the yield and the relative chlorophyll index (IRC) in cabbage crop under cover fertilization, using enhanced-efficiency nitrogen fertilizers, compared to urea, in variable doses. The experimental design was randomized blocks in a 3x4+1 factorial scheme (three sources, four rates and control), with four replications. The N sources used were: common urea (U), urea treated with urease inhibitor NBPT® (UN) and Kimcoat® polymer coated urea (UK). The N rates used were 0, 40, 80, 160 and 320 kg ha-1, divided in two fertilizations at 20 and 40 days after transplantation. Up to 160 kg ha-1 of N, there was no difference between N sources and N rates for both yield and RCI. The enhanced-efficiency N sources (UN and UK) promoted higher averages compared to common urea, possibly due to the higher N losses from common urea. Thus, the use of urease inhibitors or polymers associated with urea is a promising strategy to improve cabbage yield, as well as reducing N losses to the environment.

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