scholarly journals La politesse de la requête des locuteurs natifs du français : quelles stratégies, quelles modifications?

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 00021
Author(s):  
Elvi Syahrin ◽  
Ratna Ratna
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Social Variables ◽  
Font Size ◽  
Context Sensitive ◽  
Conditional Mode ◽  
Completion Test ◽  
Internal Change ◽  
Interrogative Sentence

<p class="Abstract">Politeness is culture-specific and context sensitive. Usually, speakers&nbsp;<span style="font-size: 1rem;">of a language community acquire strategies of politeness from their&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 1rem;">ongoing discussions with each other in daily life. That is why what is&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 1rem;">polite in a community can be considered rude in another and what is&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 1rem;">polite in a particular context could be rude in another. This article&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 1rem;">offers a particularly pragmatic study on the politeness of the speech&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 1rem;">acts of query. This study examines the politeness of the request&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 1rem;">strategies carried out by French native speakers. Participated by 10 native speakers as referees, it&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 1rem;">examines the politeness according to the encoding scheme developed in Cross-Cultural Speech Act&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 1rem;">Realization Project (CCSARP) (Blum-Kulka, House, &amp;amp; Kasper, 1989) modified by Warga (2005). Using&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 1rem;">Discourse Completion Test (DCT) for data collection, this research, at the same time, focuses on the&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 1rem;">internal change of request adapted by Jin Ah (2012). It consists of 6 situations selected conversations of&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 1rem;">Reiter (2000). Social variables corresponding to 3 systems of politeness of Scollon and Scollon (2001)&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 1rem;">also became the basis of the analysis in this study. The results of our research have shown that French&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 1rem;">native speakers tend to make their request for conventional indirect strategy by the use of the&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 1rem;">interrogative sentence. The sub-strategy which was used is question on a condition of success dominated&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 1rem;">by the question on the ability. While most of the internal changes to show politeness is the use of the&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 1rem;">conditional mode. These findings could have implications for the learners of French as foreign language,&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 1rem;">teachers, authors of textbooks, syllabus designers and researchers.</span></p>

scholarly journals LANGUAGE REPRESENTATION OF AXIOLOGICAL ATTITUDE TO NEIGHBOUR NATIONS (ON THE ETHNONYMY MATERIAL OF LANGUAGES OF DIFFERENT STRUCTURES)

2020 ◽  
pp. 38-44
Author(s):  
Татьяна Юрьевна Гурьянова ◽  
Кристина Валериевна Фадеева ◽  
Елена Анатольевна Ваганова
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Language Learners ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Multicultural Society ◽  
Foreign Language Learners ◽  
Language Representation ◽  
History Of

В условиях динамичного развития поликультурного общества, а также ускорившейся глобализации и взаимопроникновения культур народов практическую значимость приобретают исследования страноведческой и лингвокультурной направленности. Фразеологизмы используются в речи всех слоев населения, они связаны с повседневными заботами людей. На формирование этнонимов повлияла история развития народов, их традиции, обычаи и культура. Таким образом, фразеологизмы с этнонимами отражают национальный менталитет, их изучение не теряет своей актуальности. В данной статье рассмотрены проблемы языковой репрезентации ценностного отношения к соседним народам, проанализированы особенности фразеологизмов русского, английского, французского, немецкого и чувашского языков. Практическим материалом исследования являются фразеологизмы и этнонимы, используемые носителями русского, английского, французского, немецкого и чувашского языков. Анализ отобранных фразеологизмов с национальным компонентом показал, что их коннотативная окраска различна. На ее формирование повлияли различные экономические, политические и культурные события. Приведены примеры, отражающие негативное восприятие соседних народов. Незначительная часть рассмотренных фразеологизмов имеет позитивный смысл. В статье рассматриваются причины формирования некоторых фразеологизмов с этнонимами на конкретных примерах. Подобное исследование может найти свое применение в теории межкультурной коммуникации, так как оно является необходимым для студентов, изучающих иностранные языки. In the context of the dynamic development of a multicultural society, the process of globalization, and the interpenetration of cultures of peoples, the research of cross-cultural and linguistic orientation becomes of practical importance. Phraseological units are used in the speech of all segments of the population, they are related to the daily concerns of people. The formation of ethnonyms was influenced by the history of peoples’ development, their traditions, customs and culture. Thus, phraseo-logical units with ethnonyms reflect the national mentality and their study is still relevant. The article describes the problems of language representation of attitudes towards neighboring nations, analyzed the peculiarities of Russian, English, French, German and Chuvash idioms with ethnonyms used by native speakers. The analysis demonstrated that the connotation of the idioms is different. Various economic, political and cultural factors influenced it. The article provides some examples of negative attitude to neighboring nations. Some of the analyzed idioms are characterized by positive connotation. This article also considers the reasons for the formation of some idioms with ethnonyms. The results of the study can be employed in the theory of intercultural communication, since it is essential for foreign language learners.

scholarly journals A Cross-cultural Study of The Speech Act of Compliments in American English and Yemeni Arabic

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Najeeb Taher Almansoob ◽  
Yasser Alrefaee ◽  
K.S Patil
Keyword(s):  
Speech Act ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
American English ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Perspective ◽  
Two Cultures ◽  
Cross Cultural Study ◽  
The Two Cultures ◽  
Completion Test ◽  
Frequency Counts

Based on a cross-cultural perspective, the current study aims to compare the realization of the speech act of compliments among Yemeni Arabic native speakers (YANSs) and American English native speakers (AENSs). Samples of 30 participants of Americans and 30 other participants of Yemenis were involved in the study. The data were collected through a Discourse Completion Test (DCT) consisting of six hypothetical compliment scenarios. The corpus collected for analysis was 380 Arabic compliment semantic formulas and 338 English compliment semantic formulas. Data were analyzed in terms of frequency counts of 20 strategies and order of semantic formulas in the speakers' response utterances. The findings showed that there are some pragmatic similarities and differences between the two native groups. Some strategies seemed to be universal across the two cultures like Admiration whereas strategies of Exaggeration, Gratitude to God and Metaphor are culturally specific to Arabic. The findings also revealed that most of the speakers' utterances were in the two-fold order of semantic formulas. Moreover, the findings showed that American compliments were steady and formulaic in nature while Arabic Compliments were various in formulas and long.

scholarly journals The usage of authentic video materials for the formation of cross-cultural competence of students in foreign language classes

2021 ◽  
Vol 273 ◽  
pp. 12154
Author(s):  
Tatiana Kopaneva ◽  
Tatiana Pervil
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Competence ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Teaching Methodology ◽  
Language Classes ◽  
To Come ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Authentic Video

To learn a foreign language effectively and to be fluent in it, anyone should know the main features of the mindset of foreign language native speakers. The article considers the process of forming the cross-cultural competence of students. It is stressed that authentic video materials that have more potential than printed and oral texts should be used as a basis for the formation of cross-cultural competencies in teaching a foreign language. The objective of the study is to substantiate, develop and theoretically test a scientifically reasoned teaching methodology. To reach the objective, we used a pedagogical experiment, pedagogical observation of the educational process, methods of statistical data processing. We have obtained the following results. The analysis of the idea of cross-cultural competence gave us the possibility to explain it as the ability of individual to come productively into a contact with people from other cultures using the language you are learning; during the process of analyzing various models of cross-cultural competence, its main components are determined. The process of forming students’ cross-cultural competence will be efficient if the created exercises are based on the methodology of using authentic video materials.

scholarly journals Polite Requests of Indonesian Learners of FLE and French Native Speakers: An Interlanguage Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 216-226
Author(s):  
Elvi Syahrin ◽  
Tengku Silvana Sinar ◽  
Eddy Setia ◽  
Nurlela Nurlela
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationship ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Native Speaker ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Baseline Data ◽  
Written Discourse ◽  
Advanced Level ◽  
Completion Test ◽  
The Cross

This study anchored in the field of Interlanguage Pragmatic (ILP). The approach taken is speech act based. The investigation focuses on realization of polite requests produced by Indonesian learners of Français langue étrangère (FLE) (henceforth abbreviated as ILF) and native speakers of French (henceforth abbreviated as NSF). The model used for the investigation is the Cross-Cultural Speech Act Realization Project (CCSARP) model formulated by Blum-Kulka et al. (1989), modified by Warga (2005) and Bae (2012). The model applied to the analysis of the data is based on three politeness systems of social relationship between speaker and addressee proposed by Scollon and Scollon (2001). Data was be collected by using Written Discourse Completion Test (WDCT). Six out of twelve request situations formulated by Reiter (2000) categorized into each politeness system were selected to be analyzed. The WDCT were tested to 20 ILF; 1 learner of Universitas Negeri Medan and 19 learners of Universitas Negeri Jakarta. The 20 participants are those who are certified of Diplôme d'études en langue française (DELF) of B2 level (advanced level). As the baseline data of the study, the e-mailed data of 20 NSF were also collected. The study found that there is a preference of Indonesian learners of FLE and native speaker of French to use Conventional Indirect strategy in their requests. This strategy, even realized in slightly different number of use, was highly used and considered to be the most polite request by the two groups.

scholarly journals CROSS-CULTURAL PRAGMATIC STUDY OF APOLOGY STRATEGIES IN BALOCHI WITH REFERENCE TO CHINESE LANGUAGE

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-169
Author(s):  
Muhammad Hussain ◽  
Akhtar Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Chinese Language ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
Language Data ◽  
Completion Test ◽  
Cultural Pragmatics ◽  
Pragmatic Study

Background and Purpose: Cross-cultural studies help to reduce linguistic misunderstandings. Owing to the mastery of the grammar and vocabulary of any language, speakers who may be fluent in a second language, may still be unable to produce language that is socially and culturally acceptable, thus indicates the importance of pragmatics in general and cross-cultural pragmatics in particular. The development of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) creates urgency for the Baloch and the Chinese people to know each other's language and culture, as the project is located in 'Gwadar', a Baloch region, where Balochi is widely spoken. The purpose of this paper is to explore apology strategies used in the Balochi language spoken in Balochistan, Pakistan with reference to Chinese, including Baloch cultural values which influence language.   Methodology: The data were collected through Discourse Completion Test from 30 native speakers of Balochi language enrolled in various departments at International Islamic University Islamabad Pakistan. On the other hand, the Chinese language data were adopted as a reference from a research study conducted by Chang (2016). The Balochi data were analyzed by employing the framework presented by Blum-Kulka, House, and Kasper (1989).   Findings: The findings show that the Baloch native speakers use indirect strategies of apology, explanation strategy, and taking and denying responsibility which are similar to the Chinese language.   Contribution: The paper may help to expand the scope of cross-cultural pragmatics to non-western languages. The paper may also be significant in the teaching curricula to design comparative courses in Chinese and Balochi.   Keywords: Apology, Balochi, Chinese, cross-cultural pragmatics, strategies.   Cite as: Hussain, M., & Aziz, A. (2020). Cross-cultural pragmatic study of apology strategies in Balochi with reference to Chinese language. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 5(2), 152-169. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol5iss2pp152-169

scholarly journals Speech Act of Complaining: Socio-Pragmatic study of Complaint by Moroccan EFL Learners

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-155
Author(s):  
Abdelfattah Laabidi ◽  
Adiba Bousfiha
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
Social Power ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Social Variables ◽  
Efl Learners ◽  
Cultural Variables ◽  
Completion Test ◽  
Efl Students ◽  
Quantitative Design

Complaining as a speech act can occur in every conversation even unintentionally. The use of this speech act is culture specific. The expressions and strategies used to issue a complaint vary according to context, interlocutors and to other socio-cultural variables. The present study investigates the complaint strategies of Moroccan higher education institutions’ EFL students. Data for the current study are collected from 37 second and third year students learning English as a Foreign Language (EFL) representing a population in Moroccan Higher Education embodied in Moulay Ismail University, Meknes and who have managed to answer a discourse completion test composed of five situational prompts. A quantitative design is used for the collection, the analysis and the interpretation of data. The data gathered are described and analyzed using descriptive statistics. The findings indicate that Moroccan EFL students use specific linguistic forms to make complaints regarding different social variables such as social distance, ranking and social power. They also imply that Moroccan EFL learners tend to use more indirect strategies in issuing their complaints along with some intimacy expressions that mark the specificity of the Moroccan culture as a positive politeness culture, par excellence.

scholarly journals The importance of developing intercultural communication skills in teaching foreign languages

2021 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 95-98
Author(s):  
N.A. Kolyada
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Intercultural Communication ◽  
Communication Skills ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
Cultural Communication ◽  
Behavioral Norms ◽  
Cross Cultural Communication ◽  
Everyday Communication

The article considers teaching a foreign language as a means of everyday communication with native speakers of another culture. Special attention is paid to crosscultural learning, which contributes to the achievement of cross-cultural communication. The article offers opportunities for developing the abilities and skills of cross-cultural communication with the involvement of the material of linguistic and cultural content, provides examples of exercises for the development and consolidation of cross-cultural communication skills, aimed at the ability to interpret the existing various models of perception of the world, to relate other cultural customs and mores with their behavioral norms.

scholarly journals Apology Strategy in English By Native Speaker

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mezia Kemala Sari
Keyword(s):  
Social Distance ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Native Speaker ◽  
Social Situation ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
The Social ◽  
Completion Test ◽  
Coding Manual

This research discussed apology strategies in English by native speaker. This descriptive study was presented within the framework of Pragmatics based on the forms of strategies due to the coding manual as found in CCSARP (Cross-Cultural Speech Acts Realization Project).The goals of this study were to describe the apology strategies in English by native speaker and identify the influencing factors of it. Data were collected through the use of the questionnaire in the form of Discourse Completion Test, which was distributed to 30 native speakers. Data were classified based on the degree of familiarity and the social distance between speaker and hearer and then the data of native will be separated and classified by the type of strategies in coding manual. The results of this study are the pattern of apology strategies of native speaker brief with the pattern that potentially occurs IFID plus Offer of repair plus Taking on responsibility. While Alerters, Explanation and Downgrading appear with less number of percentage. Then, the factors that influence the apology utterance by native speakers are the social situation, the degree of familiarity and degree of the offence which more complicated the mistake tend to produce the most complex utterances by the speaker.

scholarly journals Croatian EFL Learners’ Interlanguage Requests: A Focus on Request Modification

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-93
Author(s):  
Danijela Šegedin Borovina
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Pragmatic Competence ◽  
Oral Discourse ◽  
Efl Learners ◽  
Proficiency Levels ◽  
Research Participants ◽  
Weak Evidence ◽  
Completion Test

This paper explores the development of pragmatic competence in the interlanguage of Croatian learners of English as a foreign language (EFL) at three proficiency levels (beginner, intermediate and advanced). It investigates the way Croatian learners of English as a foreign language (EFL) use internal and external supportive moves to modify their requests. Data were collected using an oral Discourse Completion Test consisting of ten school-related situations. The research participants were 60 EFL learners aged between 11 and 18. The coding categories developed in the Cross-Cultural Speech Act Realization Project (CCSARP, Blum-Kulka et al. 1989) and adapted by Schauer (2009) were used to analyse the data. Overall results indicated that the request production of EFL learners showed little variation regarding the type of modification and frequency of their use. Results also indicated weak evidence of pragmalinguistic development across levels, particularly in the use of grounders. The infrequent use of request modification suggests that pragmatic instruction should be included in FL classrooms to facilitate the development of L2 pragmatic ability.

scholarly journals Requests Made by Australian Learners of Chinese as a Foreign Language

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Li ◽  
Wenying Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Social Distance ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Small Body ◽  
Foreign Language Teaching ◽  
Social Variables ◽  
Pragmatic Development ◽  
Request Strategies ◽  
Strategy Types ◽  
Selection Of

This study examines how Australian learners of Chinese make requests as compared to those made by native speakers of Mandarin Chinese. Data were collected through a written production questionnaire comprising six situations. Results showed that learners and native speakers shared a preference for conventional indirectness. However, they favoured different strategy types in the realizations of requests. Moreover, native speakers tended to adjust their selection of request strategies according to social variables such as relative power, social distance, and rank of imposition, whereas learners displayed little sensitivity to social variables in the selection of request strategies. This study also provides some evidence of pragmatic development. Learners’ use of directness decreased but their use of conventional indirectness increased with increased proficiency. Moreover, learners’ acquisition of pragmalinguistic competence seemed to outperform their sociopragmatic competence. This study adds to the small body of research on requests by learners of Chinese as a foreign language. It highlights the importance of the inclusion of pragmatics in foreign language teaching.

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