Endoscopic and histological evaluation of the mucous membrane of the stomach in relatives of people suffering from cancer of the stomach

The condition of gastric mucosa was assessed in relatives of patients with gastric cancer (RPGC). The study included 108 RPGC (main group) and 102 patients with no family history of gastric cancer who were screened for dyspepsia. All study participants were subjected to clinical examination, questioning and esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGDS) with a biopsy, in which the gastric mucosa state was assessed according to the modified Sydney system, the OLGA and OLGIM systems, and the definition of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. It was established that the prevalence of H. pylori infection in the main group was 58.3 % (95 % CI 48.8–67.7), in the control group – 56.0 % (95 % CI 46.1–65.6). At RPGC, atrophy of any localization (46.3 % (95 % CI 39.4–53.2) versus 26.5 % (95 % CI 20.4–32.6), respectively, was found more often than in the control group, respectively, p = 0.002), antral atrophic gastritis (41.6 % (95 % CI 34.8–48.4) versus 26.5 % (95 % CI 20.4–32.6), respectively, p = 0.020), and isolated atrophy in the stomach body (4.6 % (95 % CI 1.7–7.4) versus 0 % ( p = 0.03). In RPGC, atrophy developed at a younger age (48.0 years (95 % CI 44.0–52.0) versus 53.0 years in the control group (95 % CI 48.3–57.8) p = 0.000). There were no significant differences between the groups in the incidence of metaplasia and dysplasia. The following risk factors for development of atrophy were identified in the factor analysis: age over 6f0 years (odd ratio (OR) 53.0; 95 % CI 12.2–390.1; p < 0.001), age over 40 years (OR 4.0; 95 % CI 2.0–8.2; p < 0.001), heredity burdened by gastric cancer (OR 2.7; 95 % CI 1.4–5.7; p = 0.006) and the use of strong alcoholic beverages (OR 5.5; 95 % CI 1.6–21.6; p = 0.009). The frequency of the atrophy development of the gastric mucosa is increased in RPGC, and atrophic gastritis develops at a younger age in comparison with individuals without a burdened hereditary history. In addition to the hereditary factor, the risk of atrophy is associated with age and alcohol use.

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TLR1 and PRKAA1 Gene Polymorphisms in the Development of Atrophic Gastritis and Gastric Cancer

Journal of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases ◽

10.15403/jgld.2014.1121.274.tlr ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 27 (4) ◽

pp. 363-369 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Gintare Dargiene ◽

Greta Streleckiene ◽

Jurgita Skieceviciene ◽

Marcis Leja ◽

Alexander Link ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gastric Cancer ◽

Atrophic Gastritis ◽

Genetic Polymorphisms ◽

Association Studies ◽

Control Group ◽

Similar Distribution ◽

Genome Wide Association Studies ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Infection Susceptibility ◽

H Pylori

Background & Aims: Previous genome-wide association studies showed that genetic polymorphisms in toll-like receptor 1 (TLR1) and protein kinase AMP-activated alpha 1 catalytic subunit (PRKAA1) genes were associated with gastric cancer (GC) or increased Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection susceptibility. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between TLR1 and PRKAA1 genes polymorphisms and H.pylori infection, atrophic gastritis (AG) or GC in the European population.Methods: Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were analysed in 511 controls, 340 AG patients and 327 GC patients. TLR1 C>T (rs4833095) and PRKAA1 C>T (rs13361707) were genotyped by the real-time polymerase chain reaction. H. pylori status was determined by testing for anti-H. pylori IgG antibodies in the serum.Results: The study included 697 (59.2%) H. pylori positive and 481 (40.8%) H. pylori negative cases. We observed similar distribution of TLR1 and PRKAA1 alleles and genotypes in H. pylori positive and negative cases. TLR1 and PRKAA1 SNPs were not linked with the risk of AG. TC genotype of TLR1 gene was more prevalent in GC patients compared to the control group (29.7% and 22.3% respectively, p=0.002). Carriers of TC genotype had a higher risk of GC (aOR=1.89, 95% CI: 1.26–2.83, p=0.002). A similar association was observed in a dominant inheritance model for TLR1 gene SNP, where comparison of CC+TC vs. TT genotypes showed an increased risk of GC (aOR=1.86, 95% CI: 1.26–2.75, p=0.002). No association between genetic polymorphism in PRKAA1 gene and GC was observed.Conclusions: TLR1 rs4833095 SNP was associated with an increased risk of GC in a European population, while PRKAA1 rs13361707 genetic variant was not linked with GC. Both genetic polymorphisms were not associated with H. pylori infection susceptibility or the risk of AG.

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Impact of alcohol on gastric mucosa in a population with high prevalence of Helicobacter pylori

International Journal of Advances in Medicine ◽

10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20212096 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (6) ◽

pp. 764

Author(s):

Sultan Nawahir ◽

George Kurian ◽

Thomas Alexander ◽

Susy Kurian

Keyword(s):

Gastric Mucosa ◽

Alcohol Abuse ◽

Atrophic Gastritis ◽

Intestinal Metaplasia ◽

Premalignant Lesions ◽

Control Group ◽

Chronic Alcohol ◽

Chronic Alcohol Abuse ◽

High Prevalence ◽

H Pylori

Background: The purpose of the study was to see whether chronic alcohol abuse had any effect on the gastric mucosa in a population already affected by a high prevalence of Helicobacter pylori.Methods: 35 males with a history of chronic alcohol abuse were compared with 35 males who were abstinent or social drinkers. All subjects had complaints of dyspepsia. All subjects underwent endoscopy and targeted biopsies were taken from three specific sites in the stomach, namely body, antrum and incisura. Biopsies were studied to look for changes of atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia. The presence or absences of H. pylori on the tissue biopsy were also recorded.Results: Atrophic gastritis were only assessable in 24 alcoholic patients and 21 non-alcoholic patients due to the inadequacy of the depth of the biopsy. AG were found to be equally distributed in both the groups. 23 (64.9%) patients in the alcoholic group and 19(54.5%) in the control group had AG (OR-1.54, p=0.47). Intestinal metaplasia was seen in 10 (28.5%) alcoholic group and 12 (34.2) in the control group (OR-0.65, p=0.45). Of the 42 subjects detected to have AG, 16 (38.1%) had IM. However, IM were always associated with AG. In addition, H. pylori were not seen to be different in the two groups. H. pylori were positive in 18 (51.4%) alcoholic and14 (40%) non-alcoholic patients (p=0.33).Conclusions: Chronic alcohol abuse doesn’t appear to have any major impact on the gastric mucosa in terms of producing premalignant lesions such as atrophic gastritis or intestinal metaplasia or enhancing the prevalence of H. pylori.

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Rejuvenation of Helicobacter pylori–Associated Atrophic Gastritis Through Concerted Actions of Placenta-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Prevented Gastric Cancer

Frontiers in Pharmacology ◽

10.3389/fphar.2021.675443 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Jong Min Park ◽

Young Min Han ◽

Ki Baik Hahm

Keyword(s):

Gastric Cancer ◽

Stem Cells ◽

Helicobacter Pylori ◽

Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽

Atrophic Gastritis ◽

Conditioned Medium ◽

Gastric Atrophy ◽

Control Group ◽

Therapeutic Effects ◽

H Pylori

Chronic Helicobacter pylori infection causes gastric cancer via the progression of precancerous chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG). Therefore, repairing gastric atrophy could be a useful strategy in preventing H. pylori–associated gastric carcinogenesis. Although eradication of the bacterial pathogen offers one solution to this association, this study was designed to evaluate an alternative approach using mesenchymal stem cells to treat CAG and prevent carcinogenesis. Here, we used human placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells (PD-MSCs) and their conditioned medium (CM) to treat H. pylori–associated CAG in a mice/cell model to explore their therapeutic effects and elucidate their molecular mechanisms. We compared the changes in the fecal microbiomes in response to PD-MSC treatments, and chronic H. pylori–infected mice were given ten treatments with PD-MSCs before being sacrificed for end point assays at around 36 weeks of age. These animals presented with significant reductions in the mean body weights of the control group, which were eradicated following PD-MSC treatment (p < 0.01). Significant changes in various pathological parameters including inflammation, gastric atrophy, erosions/ulcers, and dysplastic changes were noted in the control group (p < 0.01), but these were all significantly reduced in the PD-MSC/CM-treated groups. Lgr5+, Ki-67, H+/K+-ATPase, and Musashi-1 expressions were all significantly increased in the treated animals, while inflammatory mediators, MMP, and apoptotic executors were significantly decreased in the PD-MSC group compared to the control group (p < 0.001). Our model showed that H. pylori–initiated, high-salt diet–promoted gastric atrophic gastritis resulted in significant changes in the fecal microbiome at the phylum/genus level and that PD-MSC/CM interventions facilitated a return to more normal microbial communities. In conclusion, administration of PD-MSCs or their conditioned medium may present a novel rejuvenating agent in preventing the progression of H. pylori–associated premalignant lesions.

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Polyphenols Reduce Gastritis Induced by Helicobacter pylori Infection or VacA Toxin Administration in Mice

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.01042-05 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 50 (7) ◽

pp. 2550-2552 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

P. Ruggiero ◽

F. Tombola ◽

G. Rossi ◽

L. Pancotto ◽

L. Lauretti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gastric Cancer ◽

Helicobacter Pylori ◽

Peptic Ulcer ◽

Gastric Mucosa ◽

Atrophic Gastritis ◽

Helicobacter Pylori Infection ◽

Gastric Epithelium ◽

Human Gastric Mucosa ◽

H Pylori

ABSTRACT Helicobacter pylori colonizes the human gastric mucosa, causing inflammation that leads to atrophic gastritis, and it can cause peptic ulcer and gastric cancer. We show that polyphenol administration to mice experimentally infected by H. pylori or treated with VacA toxin can limit gastric epithelium damage, an effect that may be linked to VacA inhibition.

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INFLUENCE OF SYSTEMATIC TAKING BLOCKERS OF H2-HISTAMINE RECEPTORS ON THE DEGREE OF SEMINATION OF GASTRIC MUCOSA WITH HELICOBACTER PYLORI INFECTION OF PATIENT WITH CHRONIC NON – ATROPHIC GASTRITIS

Wiadomości Lekarskie ◽

10.36740/wlek202011130 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 73 (11) ◽

pp. 2503-2506

Author(s):

Anatoly A. Avramenko

Keyword(s):

Gastric Mucosa ◽

Atrophic Gastritis ◽

Histamine Receptor ◽

Chronic Atrophic Gastritis ◽

Main Group ◽

Histamine Receptors ◽

Control Group ◽

Colloidal Bismuth Subcitrate ◽

Urease Test ◽

Receptor Blockers

The aim: To determine the effect of prolonged use of H2-histamine receptor blockers on the degree of contamination of the gastric mucosa with HP infection in patients with chronic non-atrophic gastritis. Materials and methods: 28 patients with chronic atrophic gastritis (the main group), who regularly took H2-histamine receptor blockers for 2 to 7 years, and 30 patients (control group), who never used them were comprehensively examined. Comprehensive examination included: step-by-step intragastric pH-metry, esophagogastroduodenoscopy, helicobacter infection test (НР) (helicobacter urease test and microscopic examination of stained smears), histological investigations of the gastric stump mucous, material for which was taken during endoscopy from 4 topographical zones: from the middle third of the gastric antrum and body of stomach on the big and small curvature. Results: All the patients in 100% of cases have confirmed the existence of chronic non-atrophic gastritis in both active and inactive stages of varying degrees of severity. Helicobacter infection was detected in 100% of cases. A comparative analysis of the data on the average degree of infection of the gastric mucosa by HP infection in the same topographic zones in the patients of the main and control groups revealed a significant (p <0.05) higher degree of seeding of the gastric mucosa in patients of the main group in all zones. Conclusions: Monotherapy for chronic non-atrophic gastritis with blockers of Н2-histamine receptors leads to an increase in the degree of gastric mucosa semination with HP infection. This fact requires mandatory parallel use of antibacterial agents – colloidal bismuth subcitrate and antibiotics, with blockers of Н2-histamine receptors.

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Helicobacter pylori Virulence Factors—Mechanisms of Bacterial Pathogenicity in the Gastric Microenvironment

Cells ◽

10.3390/cells10010027 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 27

Author(s):

Jacek Baj ◽

Alicja Forma ◽

Monika Sitarz ◽

Piero Portincasa ◽

Gabriella Garruti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gastric Cancer ◽

Helicobacter Pylori ◽

Gastric Mucosa ◽

Virulence Factors ◽

Premalignant Lesions ◽

Bacterial Pathogenicity ◽

Current State ◽

Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽

H Pylori ◽

Stimulation Of

Gastric cancer constitutes one of the most prevalent malignancies in both sexes; it is currently the fourth major cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. The pathogenesis of gastric cancer is associated with the interaction between genetic and environmental factors, among which infection by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is of major importance. The invasion, survival, colonization, and stimulation of further inflammation within the gastric mucosa are possible due to several evasive mechanisms induced by the virulence factors that are expressed by the bacterium. The knowledge concerning the mechanisms of H. pylori pathogenicity is crucial to ameliorate eradication strategies preventing the possible induction of carcinogenesis. This review highlights the current state of knowledge and the most recent findings regarding H. pylori virulence factors and their relationship with gastric premalignant lesions and further carcinogenesis.

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Proteomics signature of autoimmune atrophic gastritis: towards a link with gastric cancer

Gastric Cancer ◽

10.1007/s10120-020-01148-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ombretta Repetto ◽

Valli De Re ◽

Paolo Giuffrida ◽

Marco Vincenzo Lenti ◽

Raffaella Magris ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gastric Cancer ◽

Atrophic Gastritis ◽

Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽

Differential Abundance ◽

Expression Levels ◽

2D Dige ◽

Gastric Corpus ◽

Gastric Biopsies ◽

H Pylori ◽

Autoimmune Atrophic Gastritis

Abstract Background Autoimmune atrophic gastritis (AAG) is a chronic disease that can progress to gastric cancer (GC). To better understand AAG pathology, this proteomics study investigated gastric proteins whose expression levels are altered in this disease and also in GC. Methods Using two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE), we compared protein maps of gastric corpus biopsies from AAG patients and controls. Differentially abundant spots (|fold change|≥ 1.5, P < 0.01) were selected and identified by LC–MS/MS. The spots were further assessed in gastric antrum biopsies from AAG patients (without and with Helicobacter pylori infection) and from GC patients and unaffected first-degree relatives of GC patients. Results 2D-DIGE identified 67 differentially abundant spots, with 28 more and 39 less abundant in AAG-corpus than controls. LC–MS/MS identified these as 53 distinct proteins. The most significant (adjusted P < 0.01) biological process associated with the less abundant proteins was “tricarboxylic acid cycle”. Of the 67 spots, 57 were similarly differentially abundant in AAG-antrum biopsies irrespective of H. pylori infection status. The differential abundance was also observed in GC biopsies for 14 of 28 more abundant and 35 of 39 less abundant spots, and in normal gastric biopsies of relatives of GC patients for 6 and 25 spots, respectively. Immunoblotting confirmed the different expression levels of two more abundant proteins (PDIA3, GSTP gene products) and four less abundant proteins (ATP5F1A, PGA3, SDHB, PGC). Conclusion This study identified a proteomics signature of AAG. Many differential proteins were shared by GC and may be involved in the progression of AAG to GC.

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THE EFFECT OF NUTRITIONAL THERAPY ON QUALITY OF LIFE INDICATORS FOR PATIENTS WITH GASTRIC CANCER AT THE STAGE OF SURGICAL TREATMENT

Research n Practical Medicine Journal ◽

10.17709/2409-2231-2019-6-3-10 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 108-114 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A. D. Sergienko ◽

V. E. Khoronenko ◽

E. V. Gameeva ◽

A. B. Ryabov ◽

V. M. Khomyakov

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Gastric Cancer ◽

Surgical Treatment ◽

Nutritional Therapy ◽

Main Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Quality Of Life Indicators ◽

Eortc Qlq C30 ◽

Eortc Qlq

Purpose of the study. To determine the effect of nutritional deficiency and nutritional therapy on the quality of life of patients with gastric cancer at the stage of surgical treatment. Patients and methods. In Thoracoabdominal Department of P. Herzen Moscow Oncology Research Institute within 2017– 2019 the quality of life at the stage of surgical treatment of gastric malignant neoplasms was evaluated in 62 patients (36 men and 26 women) aged 34 to 79 years (mean age 61.9 ± 9.55). At the outpatient stage, patients were divided into 2 groups: in the 1st (main) group, patients received nutritive support with specialized mixtures for 10 days before hospitalization, in the 2nd (control) group, patients were asked to follow a high-protein diet without adding specialized mixtures. The quality of life assessment was carried out on the basis of the EORTC-QLQ-C30 Questionnaire, which patients received on the day of hospitalization. Patients repeatedly filled in EORTC-QLQ-C30 Questionnaire before discharge from the hospital, which allowed to assess the dynamics of the quality of life indicators of the studied patients. The study groups were comparable in social and medical indicators. Results. The analysis of the survey results showed that the “general state of health” in the studied groups at the stage of hospitalization is estimated �bove average. Also, in both groups there is a positive dynamics in the values of the above indicator before discharge. Patients of the 1st group who received specialized nutritional mixtures, developed the statistical significance of the differences in the assessment of the quality of life upon admission and before discharge. Thus, it can be argued that nutritional therapy had a significant positive impact on the quality of life in terms of “general health”, in contrast to the control group of patients who did not receive specialized nutritional therapy. There was a general tendency toward an increase in the quality of life indicators at admission and before discharge on all scores of the questionnaire in groups. Thisis a positive assessment by patients of their condition after providing them with medical services. In this case, the discomfort from the symptoms accompanying the disease is reduced, which is confirmed by the scoring results. Statistically significant differences in the assessment of symptoms occur in the study group. Patients having received nutritional therapy noted a decrease in pain, an improvement in the processes of assimilation of food, as well as an improvement in well-being, physical condition, an increase in general tone and energy, a surge of strength and a sense of vitality. In “decreased appetite”score the indices of patients in the main group decreased by more than 3 times, i. e. their appetite improved significantly under treatment. Improving appetite in patients of the main group led to an improvement in the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract as a whole. Patients in this group noted an improvement in digestion and bowel movements. Conclusion The study showed that the quality of life of patients with gastric cancer largely depends on their nutritional deficiency, and nutritional therapy at the stages of surgical treatment, in turn, can significantly improve its results, including in the aspect of their perception by patients. Using the general EORTC QLQ-C30 questionnaire is one of the available methods for assessing the quality of life in patients with gastric cancer.

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Lower LINE-1 methylation is associated with promoter hypermethylation and distinct molecular features in gastric cancer

Epigenomics ◽

10.2217/epi-2019-0091 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (15) ◽

pp. 1651-1659

Author(s):

Sayumi Tahara ◽

Tomomitsu Tahara ◽

Noriyuki Horiguchi ◽

Masaaki Okubo ◽

Tsuyoshi Terada ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gastric Cancer ◽

Gastric Mucosa ◽

Cpg Island ◽

Methylation Status ◽

Promoter Hypermethylation ◽

Cpg Island Methylator Phenotype ◽

Line1 Methylation ◽

Methylator Phenotype ◽

H Pylori ◽

Mlh1 Methylation

Aim: To investigate the associations between LINE1 methylation, an indicator for genome-wide hypomethylation, molecular and clinicopathological characteristics of gastric cancer (GC) patients. Patients & methods: LINE1 methylation statuses were examined in paired cancerous, non-neoplastic mucosa from 217 GC and gastric mucosa from separate group of 224 noncancer patients. CpG island methylator phenotype, TP53 and KRAS mutation, MLH1 methylation status and promoter hypermethylation of GC related and H. pylori-related genes were examined. Results: Lower LINE1 methylation was observed in primary GC compared with non-neoplastic gastric mucosa and associated with CpG island methylator phenotype, TP53 mutation, MLH1 methylation and promoter hypermethylation of GC related and H. pylori-related genes. Conclusion: Lower LINE1 methylation correlates specific molecular subtypes and promoter hypermethylation in GC.

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Spectrum of Changes in Gastric Mucosa with Helicobacter Pylori Infection

Journal of Nepalgunj Medical College ◽

10.3126/jngmc.v12i1.13403 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 29-31 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

PG Ghimire ◽

P Ghimire ◽

RG Goel ◽

DV Bahl

Keyword(s):

Helicobacter Pylori ◽

Gastric Mucosa ◽

Histopathological Examination ◽

Endoscopic Biopsy ◽

Correlated Data ◽

Histopathological Study ◽

P Value ◽

Female Ratio ◽

Younger Age ◽

H Pylori

Aim: To evaluate the spectrum of mucosal changes in endoscopy guided gastric biopsies and analyze the association of Helicobacter pylori with demographic factors.Materials and Methods: It was a cross sectional analytical study conducted in the Department of Pathology during the period from December 2011 to April 2012. A total of 52 endoscopic biopsy specimens, each fulfilling the inclusive criteria were selected and processed using standard histopathological technique and stained with Haematoxylin-Eosin stain and modified Giemsa stain for Helicobacter pylori. Histopathological, ultrasonographic and endoscopic findings were correlated. Data were analyzed using SPSS 17.Results: Out of 52 cases enrolled in our study, 29 (55.8%) were males and 23 (44.2%) were females with a male: female ratio of 1.2:1. H. pylori infection was present in 16 (30.8 %) of biopsies and was significantly greater in the younger age group between 21 to 40 years (p value <0.024). Histopathological examination showed atrophy of the gastric mucosa in 18 (34.6%) cases, dysplasia in one and intestinal metaplasia in three cases. Statistically significant relation (p value < 0.006) was seen between H. pylori and mucosal atrophy. No significant association was seen between gender and presence of H. pylori in the gastric mucosa (p value < 0.16).Conclusions: Histopathological study of endoscopic biopsy showed spectrum of changes in symptomatic cases. H pylori was seen significantly in younger age with atrophy of gastric mucosa as a significant finding.Journal of Nepalgunj Medical College Vol.12(1) 2014: 29-31

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