scholarly journals SEAWATER QUALITY FOR SHRIMP MARICULTURE BASED ON MICROBIOLOGY PARAMETERS

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lies Indah Sutiknowati
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Shrimp Aquaculture ◽  
Total Abundance ◽  
Colony Forming Unit ◽  
Water And Sediment ◽  
Phosphate Nitrate ◽  
Seawater Quality ◽  
Aquaculture Water

Seawater quality plays an important factor for the success of mariculture such as microbiology paramater. The research aimed  to analize the waters quality for shrimp mariculture in Barru, Pangkep, and Maros based on bacteriology parameters.  The research were carried out in June 2012. Bacteriology parameters analysed were total coliform, E.coli, pathogen, heterotrophic, halotolerant, and phosphate-nitrate-ammonia bacteria. Coliform and E.coli bacteria were analysed based on filtration. Pathogenic bacteria was identified using biochemical test. Heterotrophic, halotolerant, and phosphate-nitrate-ammonia bacteria were analysed using pour plate. The results from shrimp aquaculture showed the total abundance of coliform cell of >1000 colony forming unit (cfu)/100 ml, E.coli of 0-4 cfu/100ml, heterotrophic bacteria of about (31-176)x103 cfu/ml, and halotolerant bacteria of about (31-375)x103 cfu/ml. The results from sediment for heterotrophic bacteria was about (350-3920)x103 cfu/ml, halotolerant of about (350-4980)3x10 cfu/ml, and phosphate-nitrate-ammonia bacteria of about 14-46 cfu/ml. The pathogen bacteria waere found such as genus Aeromonas, Pseudomonas, Proteus, Citrobacter, Shigella and Yersinia. The dominant pathogens in shrimp aquaculture water and sediment were Proteus and Citrobacter. The results indicated that seawaters in Barru, Pangkep, and Maros can be used for mariculture including shrimp Panaeid. Keywords: bacteria, parameter, marineculture, shrimp.

scholarly journals SEAWATER QUALITY FOR SHRIMP MARICULTURE BASED ON MICROBIOLOGY PARAMETERS

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lies Indah Sutiknowati
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Shrimp Aquaculture ◽  
Total Abundance ◽  
Colony Forming Unit ◽  
Water And Sediment ◽  
Phosphate Nitrate ◽  
Seawater Quality ◽  
Aquaculture Water

<p>Seawater quality plays an important factor for the success of mariculture such as microbiology paramater. The research aimed  to analize the waters quality for shrimp mariculture in Barru, Pangkep, and Maros based on bacteriology parameters.  The research were carried out in June 2012. Bacteriology parameters analysed were total coliform, E.coli, pathogen, heterotrophic, halotolerant, and phosphate-nitrate-ammonia bacteria. Coliform and E.coli bacteria were analysed based on filtration. Pathogenic bacteria was identified using biochemical test. Heterotrophic, halotolerant, and phosphate-nitrate-ammonia bacteria were analysed using pour plate. The results from shrimp aquaculture showed the total abundance of coliform cell of &gt;1000 colony forming unit (cfu)/100 ml, E.coli of 0-4 cfu/100ml, heterotrophic bacteria of about (31-176)x10<sup>3</sup> cfu/ml, and halotolerant bacteria of about (31-375)x10<sup>3</sup> cfu/ml. The results from sediment for heterotrophic bacteria was about (350-3920)x10<sup>3</sup><sup> </sup>cfu/ml, halotolerant of about (350-4980)<sup>3</sup>x10<sup> </sup>cfu/ml, and phosphate-nitrate-ammonia bacteria of about 14-46 cfu/ml. The pathogen bacteria waere found such as genus Aeromonas, Pseudomonas, Proteus, Citrobacter, Shigella and Yersinia. The dominant pathogens in shrimp aquaculture water and sediment were Proteus and Citrobacter. The results indicated that seawaters in Barru, Pangkep, and Maros can be used for mariculture including shrimp Panaeid.</p> <p>Keywords: bacteria, parameter, marineculture, shrimp.</p>

MICROBES PARAMETERS OF WATER QUALITY FOR AQUACULTURE ON PARI ISLAND WATERS

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lies Indah Sutiknowati
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Total Cell ◽  
Epifluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Total Density ◽  
Shellfish Aquaculture ◽  
Microbiological Parameters ◽  
Phosphate Nitrate

The objective of this research was to evaluate waters quality in Pari island waters for aquaculture purpose based on bacteriological information conducted in Mei and September 2011. Microbiological parameters analyzed were total density of bacteria for coliforms, E.coli, pathogenic, heterotrophic, halotoleran, phosphate-nitrate-ammonia breaker, and total cells. Method to analyze coliform bacteria was filtration, identification of pathogenic bacteria using biochemical test, density analises for heterotrophic bacteria, analises for phosphate-nitrate-ammonia breaker bacteria using pour plate, and total cell using Acridine Orange Epifluorescence Microscopy. Results showed that the abundance of total coliform cell was about 1000-7000 colony forming unit (cfu)/100 ml. The abundance of heterotrophic, halotolerant, phosphate-nitrate-ammonia bacteria in seawater was (3.6-4.3)x105 cfu/ml, (1.1-1.3)x105 cfu/ml, (0.5-3.44)x103cfu/ml; and (3.6-6.7)x105 cfu/ml, (1.6-2.7)x105 cfu/ml, (0.6-5.22)x103 cfu/ml in sediment, respectively. The total cell of bacteria was (0.05-2.1)x107cells/ml. The dog-conch (Strombus turturella) and blood-clamps (Anadara granosa) can survive in Pari Island and there was a significant increase in sea grass litter with growth average of 0.67 mm/day and 0.90 mm/day. During snails and clamps growth, there were found several genus of pathogenic bacteria such as Salmonella, Vibrio, Aeromonas, Pseudomonas, Citrobacter, Proteus, Shigella, Hafnia, and Yersinia. The results showed that Pari island waters was suitable for developing shellfish aquaculture dog conch and blood clamps. Keywords: bacteria, parameter, shellfish, aquaculture.

scholarly journals MICROBES PARAMETERS OF WATER QUALITY FOR AQUACULTURE ON PARI ISLAND WATERS

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lies Indah Sutiknowati
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Total Cell ◽  
Epifluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Total Density ◽  
Shellfish Aquaculture ◽  
Microbiological Parameters ◽  
Phosphate Nitrate

<p>The objective of this research was to evaluate waters quality in Pari island waters for aquaculture purpose based on bacteriological information conducted in Mei and September 2011. Microbiological parameters analyzed were total density of bacteria for coliforms, E.coli, pathogenic, heterotrophic, halotoleran, phosphate-nitrate-ammonia breaker, and total cells. Method to analyze coliform bacteria was filtration, identification of pathogenic bacteria using biochemical test, density analises for heterotrophic bacteria, analises for phosphate-nitrate-ammonia breaker bacteria using pour plate, and total cell using Acridine Orange Epifluorescence Microscopy. Results showed that the abundance of total coliform cell was about 1000-7000 colony forming unit (cfu)/100 ml. The abundance of heterotrophic, halotolerant, phosphate-nitrate-ammonia bacteria in seawater was (3.6-4.3)x10<sup>5 </sup>cfu/ml, (1.1-1.3)x10<sup>5</sup> cfu/ml, (0.5-3.44)x10<sup>3</sup>cfu/ml; and (3.6-6.7)x10<sup>5 </sup>cfu/ml, (1.6-2.7)x10<sup>5</sup> cfu/ml, (0.6-5.22)x10<sup>3</sup> cfu/ml in sediment, respectively. The total cell of bacteria was (0.05-2.1)x10<sup>7</sup>cells/ml. The dog-conch (Strombus turturella) and blood-clamps (<span style="text-decoration: underline;">Anadara</span> <span style="text-decoration: underline;">granosa</span>) can survive in Pari Island and there was a significant increase in sea grass litter with growth average of 0.67 mm/day and 0.90 mm/day. During snails and clamps growth, there were found several genus of pathogenic bacteria such as <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Salmonella</span>, <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Vibrio</span>, <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Aeromonas</span>, <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Pseudomonas</span>, <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Citrobacter</span>, <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Proteus</span>, <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Shigella</span>, <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Hafnia</span><span style="text-decoration: underline;">,</span> and <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Yersinia</span>. The results showed that Pari island waters was suitable for developing shellfish aquaculture dog conch and blood clamps.</p> <p>Keywords: bacteria, parameter, shellfish, aquaculture.</p>

scholarly journals Microbial Quality of Well Water in Upland and Riverine Communities of Rivers State, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. C. Nwankwo ◽  
M. Julie, Ovunda
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Health Assessment ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Well Water ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Fungal Organisms ◽  
Rivers State

In this study, health risk assessment of well water from twelve communities grouped into upland and riverine in Rivers State was carried out in several categories such as uses of water, skin infections and health assessment via questionnaire distribution. Malaria was recorded to be the most common disease related to water. Furthermore, water samples were collected and analysed for physiochemical, biochemical and pathological characteristics. The average pH was 7.52, an indication of neutrality. Several species of bacterial and fungal organisms were isolated and identified. The total heterotrophic bacteria (THB), total fungal and total coliform counts ranged from 14.0x104cfu/ml to 100.0x104cfu/ml, 3.2x103cfu/ml to 7.4x103cfu/ml and 4 cfu/100 ml to ≥2400 cfu/100 ml respectively. Morphological and biochemical observations revealed the presence of the following organisms: Aeromonas sp., Alcaligenes sp., Bacillus sp. Citrobacter sp. E. coli, Enterobacter sp, Klebsiella sp., Micrococcus sp., Proteus sp., Salmonella sp., Sarcina sp., Shigella sp., Staphylococcus sp., Streptococcus sp. and Vibrio sp. Staphylococcus sp. and Streptococcus sp. had the least percentage incidence of 8.3% while Vibrio sp had the most incidence of 100% in all the well water sampled. Well water is a source of pathogenic bacteria; hence, it is recommended that consistent water quality studies should be conducted on all the well water in the communities at least once in a year. Well water should also be treated before use to avoid the outbreak of water borne diseases.

scholarly journals Compliance Monitoring of Microbiological and Physicochemical Parameters of Abattoirs’ Effluents Discharged into Water Bodies in Owerri, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constance O. Egesi ◽  
Victor Ezebuiro ◽  
Anthony C. Ekeleme ◽  
Charles E. Obiukwu
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Faecal Coliform ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Plate Count Method ◽  
Receiving Stream

Aims: To assess the quality of abattoir effluents discharged into water bodies in Owerri Municipal, Nigeria using microbiological and physicochemical approaches. Study Design:  The study employed microbiological and physicochemical parameters to determine effluent and water quality. Place and Duration of Study: Abattoirs in Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria, between September 2014 and February 2016. Methodology: Physicochemical and microbiological analyses were carried out on three abattoir effluents and their receiving water bodies. Counts of total heterotrophic bacteria, total coliform and faecal coliform, Vibrio, Salmonella and Shigella were carried using the plate count method. Results: The bacterial isolates in the various samples included members of the genera Bacillus, Citrobacter, Enterobacter, Escherichia, Klebsiella, Lactobacillus, Listeria, Micrococcus, Proteus, Salmonella, Serratia, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus and Vibrio. The order of increasing effluent’s total coliform and faecal counts within the different abattoirs are given as Egbu abattoir > Amakohia Ikeduru abattoir > Ahiara abattoir. For the receiving streams, the order was as follows, for the total coliform count: Egbu abattoir > Ahiara abattoir > Amakohia Ikeduru abattoir while for faecal coliform: Egbu abattoir > Amakohia Ikeduru abattoir > Ahiara abattoir. About 85.7% and 42.9% of the total bacterial isolates were found in the Egbu abattoir effluent and receiving the stream, respectively. Ahiara abattoir’s effluent had 66.7% of the bacteria while its receiving stream had 23.8%. Over 57% of the total bacterial isolates were distributed in the Amakohia Ikeduru abattoir with 33.3% for its receiving stream. Conclusion: This study revealed that pathogenic bacteria from abattoir were constantly discharged into receiving streams, thereby presenting serious health risks. The health status of residents of Owerri who have access to these water bodies should be studied to determine the health implications of such unregulated practices.

scholarly journals The abundance of some pathogenic bacteria in mangrove habitats of Paraiba do Norte estuary and crabmeat contamination of mangrove crab Ucides cordatus

2010 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 227-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Cristina Soares de Lima Grisi ◽  
Krystyna Gorlach-Lira
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Ucides Cordatus ◽  
Sewage Discharge ◽  
Waste Discharge ◽  
Water And Sediment ◽  
Mangrove Crab ◽  
Dry Seasons

Study on mangrove water and sediment of Paraiba do Norte river (Northeastern Brazil) and crabmeat of Ucides cordatus was carried to investigate the relation between the abundance of bacteria in the mangrove habitat and in the crabmeat. Simultaneous collection of samples of water, sediment and crabs (U. cordatus) was done during the rainy and dry seasons at two areas of mangroves that differed in influence of tide and sewage discharge. The numbers of total heterotrophic bacteria in the mangrove water were between 0.04 and 6 log CFU 100mL-1, and in the sediment between 5 and 6 log CFU g-1. The location closer to waste discharge showed higher incidence of total heterotrophic bacteria, coliforms, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella spp. The counts of total heterotrophic bacteria in the crabmeat varied from 1.3 to 4.4 log CFU g-1, and did not differ significantly between the locations analysed. No crabmeat sample showed the presence of coliforms, S. aureus and Salmonella spp.

scholarly journals The in situ remediation of aquaculture water and sediment by commercial probiotics immobilized on different carriers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengmeng Yi ◽  
Chun Wang ◽  
He Wang ◽  
Xi Zhu ◽  
Zhigang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Relative Concentration ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Water Quality Parameters ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Walnut Shells ◽  
Water And Sediment ◽  
Aquaculture Water

Abstract In the present study, we investigated the effect of probiotics immobilized by oyster shells (Os), vesuvianite (Ve) and walnut shells (Ws) on the remediation of aquaculture water and sediment by analyzing the variation of ammonia-nitrogen (NH4–N), nitrate-nitrogen (NO3–N), nitrite-nitrogen (NO2–N), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) and chemical oxygen demand (CODCr), as well as the microbiota of the water and sediment. The positive or negative effects of the treatment groups on the water quality parameters were both observed. Compared with their effects on water quality parameters, the treatment groups had better effects on sediment parameters. Group Ve had the best remediation effect of NH4–N and NO3–N in the sediment (decreased by 5.22 and 1.66 times, respectively). Group Os showed a lower relative concentration of TN and CODCr (decreased by 3.77 and 0.95 times, respectively). The high-throughput sequencing results revealed that the immobilized probiotics increased the relative abundances of functional bacteria in the treatment groups at the phylum and genus level. The above results showed that probiotics immobilized by oyster shells, vesuvianite and walnut shells positively affected the aquaculture environment's remediation, especially the sediment.

scholarly journals Sanitation and Water Quality in Port Harcourt Waterfront Settlements

2020 ◽  
pp. 22-27
Author(s):  
H. O. Stanley ◽  
C. J. Ugboma ◽  
M. A. S. Horsfall
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Temperature Conductivity ◽  
Coliform Count ◽  
Physiochemical Parameters ◽  
Port Harcourt

Sanitation and water quality are a good measure to judge the living standard and health status of a community. This study focused on the assessment of surface and ground water resources from selected waterfront areas within Port Harcourt metropolis notable for their poor sanitary conditions as receptacles for domestic wastes. Surface water (river) and ground water samples were collected from Abuloma waterfront, Marine Base and Afikpo (Diobu) and their microbiological and physiochemical parameters determined using standard laboratory methods. The microbiological parameters analyzed include total heterotrophic bacteria count (THBC), fecal coliform count, total coliform count, Salmonella count, Shigella count and Vibrio count. The physiochemical parameters monitored include pH, temperature, conductivity, salinity total dissolved solids (TDS), dissolved oxygen (DO), turbidity and biological oxygen demand (BOD). The THBC ranged from 15x101cfu/ml to 1.3x102 cfu/ml; total coliform count ranged from 0 to 17cfu/ml; all the samples had no fecal coliform; the Salmonella count ranged from 0 to 15 cfu/ml; the Shigella count ranged from 0 to 30cfu/ml and Vibrio count ranged from 0 to 15 cfu/ml. The pH values ranged from 5.9-7.6; temperature from 27.5°C to 29.6°C; salinity from 0.012 mg/l to 0.379 mg/l; conductivity from 17.8 s/cm to 19370 s/cm; TDS from 12.3 mg/l to 13610 mg/l; DO from 2.41 mg/l -3.4mg/l, turbidity from 0.24 NTU to 1.11 NTU and BOD from 16 mg/l to 120 mg/l. The results obtained showed that the water resources are not safe and pose risk to human health. These findings highlight the need to improve the sanitary condition of waterfront areas and promote water treatment to ensure the health and safety of the public.

scholarly journals ANALISIS KELIMPAHAN TOTAL BAKTERI COLIFORM DI PERAIRAN MUARA SUNGAI SAYUNG, MOROSARI, DEMAK (Analysis of Total Abundance of Coliform Bacteria at the Sayung River Estuary, Morosari, Demak)

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Lani Febriana Safitri ◽  
Niniek Widyorini ◽  
Oktavianto Eko Jati
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Total Abundance ◽  
Average Abundance ◽  
Total Coliform Bacteria

Perairan Muara Sungai Sayung terletak di wilayah Kabupaten Demak sebelah barat. Perairan ini telah dipengaruhi oleh berbagai aktivitas manusia yang menyebabkan terjadinya penurunan kualitas perairan. Bakteri Coliform merupakan bakteri gram negatif yang berbentuk batang dan tidak membentuk spora. Bakteri ini merupakan bakteri indikator terjadinya pencemaran perairan maupun indikator keberadaan bakteri patogen lainnya. Perhitungan total bakteri Coliform perlu dilakukan untuk mengetahui adanya pencemaran limbah organik yang terjadi di Perairan Muara Sungai Sayung, Morosari, Demak. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kelimpahan total bakteri Coliform, dan status perairan di Perairan Muara Sungai Sayung, Morosari, Demak. Penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan dari jumlah total bakteri Coliform dengan bahan organik terlarut dan oksigen terlarut (DO). Pelaksanaan penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Mei 2018. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode survei dan teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode random sampling yang dilakukan pada lima stasiun. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kelimpahan rata-rata total bakteri Coliform yang diperoleh berkisar antara 4 x 103 – 550 x 10 3/100ml. Kelimpahan rata-rata total bakteri Coliform yang diperoleh pada setiap stasiun menunjukkan bahwa kandungan total bakteri Coliform telah melebihi baku mutu air menurut Keputusan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup Nomor 51 Tahun 2004. Keberadaan total bakteri Coliform memiliki hubungan yang lemah dengan kandungan bahan organik terlarut, sedangkan keberadaan total bakteri Coliform memiliki hubungan yang cukup dengan oksigen terlarut (DO) di perairan Muara Sungai Sayung Morosari, Demak. Sayung River Estuary is located in the western part of Demak Regency. This estuary has been affected by various human activities which have led to a decline in water quality. Coliform bacteria are a gram-negative bacteria that are rod-shaped and do not form spores. This bacterium is an indicator bacteria of water pollution and an indicator of the presence of other pathogenic bacteria. Total Coliform bacteria calculation needs to be carrid out to find out if there any contamination of organic waste in Sayung River Estuary, Morosari, Demak.. The purpose of this research was to determine total abundance of Coliform bacteria, water quality in Sayung River Estuary, Morosari, Demak and relationship between the total abundance of Coliform bacteria with dissolved organic matter and dissolved oxygen (DO). This research was carried out in May 2018. The method that used in this research were survey method and the sampling technique was random sampling method in five stations. The results showed that the average abundance of total Coliform bacteria obtained ranged between 4 x 103 - 550 x 103 / 100ml. Average abundance of total Coliform bacteria obtained at each station shows that the total content of Coliform bacteria has exceeded the water quality standard according to Minister of Environment Decree number 51 of 2004. The total presence of Coliform bacteria has a weak relationship with the content of dissolved organic matter, while the total number of Coliform bacteria have sufficient relationship with dissolved oxygen (DO) in the Sayung River Estuary,Morosari, Demak.

Relationships between bacteria and cyanobacteria in the Marrakech waste stabilisation ponds

2000 ◽  
Vol 42 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 171-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Oufdou ◽  
N. Mezrioui ◽  
B. Oudra ◽  
M. Barakate ◽  
M. Loudiki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Mediterranean Climate ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Ecological Effect ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Waste Stabilisation Ponds ◽  
Cyanobacteria Blooms ◽  
Synechocystis Sp

In waste stabilisation pond systems the interactions between algae and bacteria have an important ecological effect and appeared to play a key role in the self-purification process. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the interactions between two axenic cyanobacteria: Synechocystis sp. and Pseudanabaena sp. with heterotrophic bacteria and some pathogenic bacteria: E. coli, Salmonella sp. and non-O1 V. cholerae. The results obtained showed that Synechocystis sp. (planktonic cyanobacterium) and Pseudanabaena sp. (benthic cyanobacterium) stimulated the growth and the survival of heterotrophic bacteria and non-O1 V. cholerae and reduced the survival of E. coli and Salmonella. Blooms of these cyanobacteria during hot periods which are a particularity in stabilisation ponds of Marrakech, could explain the dynamics of bacteria studied in this sewage treatment process. The presence of heterotrophic bacteria, showing relative high densities during hot periods, could be considered as an important bioticfactor which led to the cyanobacteria blooms in the Marrakech ponds which function under an arid Mediterranean climate.

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