scholarly journals Compliance Monitoring of Microbiological and Physicochemical Parameters of Abattoirs’ Effluents Discharged into Water Bodies in Owerri, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constance O. Egesi ◽  
Victor Ezebuiro ◽  
Anthony C. Ekeleme ◽  
Charles E. Obiukwu
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Faecal Coliform ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Plate Count Method ◽  
Receiving Stream

Aims: To assess the quality of abattoir effluents discharged into water bodies in Owerri Municipal, Nigeria using microbiological and physicochemical approaches. Study Design:  The study employed microbiological and physicochemical parameters to determine effluent and water quality. Place and Duration of Study: Abattoirs in Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria, between September 2014 and February 2016. Methodology: Physicochemical and microbiological analyses were carried out on three abattoir effluents and their receiving water bodies. Counts of total heterotrophic bacteria, total coliform and faecal coliform, Vibrio, Salmonella and Shigella were carried using the plate count method. Results: The bacterial isolates in the various samples included members of the genera Bacillus, Citrobacter, Enterobacter, Escherichia, Klebsiella, Lactobacillus, Listeria, Micrococcus, Proteus, Salmonella, Serratia, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus and Vibrio. The order of increasing effluent’s total coliform and faecal counts within the different abattoirs are given as Egbu abattoir > Amakohia Ikeduru abattoir > Ahiara abattoir. For the receiving streams, the order was as follows, for the total coliform count: Egbu abattoir > Ahiara abattoir > Amakohia Ikeduru abattoir while for faecal coliform: Egbu abattoir > Amakohia Ikeduru abattoir > Ahiara abattoir. About 85.7% and 42.9% of the total bacterial isolates were found in the Egbu abattoir effluent and receiving the stream, respectively. Ahiara abattoir’s effluent had 66.7% of the bacteria while its receiving stream had 23.8%. Over 57% of the total bacterial isolates were distributed in the Amakohia Ikeduru abattoir with 33.3% for its receiving stream. Conclusion: This study revealed that pathogenic bacteria from abattoir were constantly discharged into receiving streams, thereby presenting serious health risks. The health status of residents of Owerri who have access to these water bodies should be studied to determine the health implications of such unregulated practices.

scholarly journals Comparison of Microbiological and Physicochemical Quality of Tap and Dispenser Water from Different Mid-Range Restaurants of Dhaka City, Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
pp. 69-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Alam ◽  
Rubayat Jamal ◽  
SM Sabbir Alam ◽  
Mohammad Moniruzzaman
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Faecal Coliform ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Physicochemical Quality

Dhaka is the most populous city in Bangladesh and the tenth-largest metropolitan in the world with about twelve million inhabitants. Most people of Dhaka have low or middle ranged incomes and frequently use roadside mid range restaurants to take their meals and drinking water. Water quality is a significant health concern in Bangladesh and is a probable source of many water borne diseases and outbreaks. Tap water and dispenser water samples were collected from ten roadside restaurants. These samples were analyzed for pH, salinity, conductivity, TDS (total dissolved solid) for physicochemical quality analysis while total coliform, faecal coliform and total heterotrophic bacterial counts were determined for microbiological quality analysis. All the samples conformed to the WHO standards of TDS, salinity and conductivity. Except for 20% of the tap water samples, pH of all the samples was found to be satisfactory. The heterotrophic plate count was in a range of 8.0 x 101 cfu/ml to 9.3 x 105 cfu/ml from tap water sample and 6.5 x 101 cfu/ml to TNTC from dispenser water samples. Only 10% of the tap water samples and 30% of the dispenser water samples complied with the WHO stipulated limit of total heterotrophic count (100 cfu/ml). In terms of total coliforms, all the tap water samples and 20% of the dispenser water samples were found to be contaminated, whereas 50% of both the tap water and dispenser water samples were contaminated with faecal coliforms, indicating possible faecal contamination and presence of pathogenic bacteria. By comparing coliform/faecal coliform count on tap and dispenser water it was found that dispenser water is safer than tap water.Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 31, Number 1-2,June-Dec 2014, pp 69-72

scholarly journals Microbiological Assessment of Elechi Creek Receiving Wastewater Effluents from Industrial Operations in Port Harcourt City

2021 ◽  
pp. 40-49
Author(s):  
D. N. Ogbonna ◽  
P. C. Meregini-Ikechukwu ◽  
L. B. Kpormon
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Sediment Samples ◽  
Coliform Count ◽  
Wastewater Effluents

Disposal of wastewater and other effluents into water bodies from activities around water bodies have for long been of major concern and challenge to the environment leading to several infectious diseases. The amount of industrial untreated solid wastes from companies, wastewater from car washing activities, open drainages and agricultural runoffs located close to Elechi creek constitutes the wastewater effluents received by the creek thus resulting in the imbalance of the ecosystem. The study was therefore aimed at determining the microbiology of water quality at different stations of the Elechi creek. Surface water, wastewater and sediment samples were collected during a seven month period and analysed using standard microbiological procedures. Results obtained revealed that the average microbial counts ranged as follows: Total Heterotrophic bacteria 1.12±0.13x108 to 1.28±0.09x108 cfu/ml, Total coliform count; 6.4±0.21 to 7.8±0.13 cfu/ml, Total Staphylococcus Count; 6.9±0.06 to 7.9±0.08 cfu/ml, Total Shigella count; 7.9±0.11 to 8.5±0.14 cfu/ml, Total Salmonella Count; 5.4±0.13 to 7.9±0.08 cfu/ml, Total Vibrio Count; 5.9±0.13 to 7.4±0.09 cfu/ml, and Total Pseudomonad Count; 2.5±0.08 to 4.8 ±0.10 cfu/ml, in surface water, Total Heterotrophic bacteria 1.02±0.08 x108 cfu/ml to 2.68±0.08 x108 cfu/ml, Total coliform count; 4.4±0.10a to 4.9±0.11a cfu/ml, Total Staphylococcus Count;4.7±0.10 to 5.9±0.12 cfu/ml, Total Shigella count; 4.0±0.08 to 4.8±0.11 cfu/ml, Total Salmonella Count; 3.2±0.16 to 4.6±0.08 cfu/ml, Total Vibrio Count; 2.0±0.15 to 4.8±0.11 cfu/ml, and Total Pseudomonad Count2.7±0.13 to 3.9±0.09cfu/ml, in wastewater and Total Heterotrophic bacteria 2.16±0.07 x109 cfu/g to 2.24±0.09 x109 cfu/g, Total coliform count; 1.01±0.13 to 1.36±0.06b cfu/g, Total Staphylococcus Count; 6.8±0.11 to 9.1±0.08 cfu/g, Total Shigella count; 4.0±0.09 to 6.5±0.06 cfu/ml, Total Salmonella Count; 4.1±0.11 to 9.7±0.12 cfu/g, Total Vibrio Count; 6.8±0.10 to 9.5±0.09 cfu/g, and Total Pseudomonad Count; 4.0±0.16 to 5.9±0.07 cfu/g, in sediment samples. Bacterial isolates belonging to the genera Bacillus, Staphylococcus, Enterococcus, Pseudomonas, Proteus, Klebsiella, Providencia, Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Shigella, Vibrio and Enterobacter were isolated and identified. The occurrences of these bacterial isolates as potential pathogens could cause poor water quality through fouling and render the water for various uses and may pose a public health threat to our water resources. Adherence to good hygienic practices and proper treatment of wastewater before discharge into the environment should be encouraged to minimize the spread of infectious diseases and fouling of water bodies. This may also affect the aquatic life in such ecosystems.

Pengaruh Suhu Penyimpanan terhadap Organoleptik, Derajat Keasaman dan Pertumbuhan Bakteri Coliform pada Susu Pasteurisasi

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agustina Arianita Cahyaningtyas ◽  
Wiwik Pudjiastuti ◽  
Ilham Ramdhan
Keyword(s):  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Pasteurized Milk ◽  
Initial Analysis ◽  
Total Plate Count ◽  
Plate Count Method ◽  
Pathogenic Microbes ◽  
Total Coliform Bacteria

One attempt to reduce the number of pathogenic microbes in milk is through the pasteurization process. This research aims to determine the effect of storage temperature on the organoleptic, acidity (pH) and growth of coliform bacteria in pasteurized milk. Pasteurized milk is stored at the varies of temperature  4°C (observed for 14 days), 10°C-15°C (observed for 14 days) and 25°C-27°C (observed for 22 hours), as well as also conducted an initial analysis pasteurized milk. The parameters were observed among other organoleptic (smell, taste, color, texture), pH and total coliform bacteria. Testing acidity using pH paper, while the growth of coliform bacteria testing done using Total Plate Count method based on ISO 2897 in 2008. The results of this study indicate that storage at 4°C for 14 days, organoleptic pasteurized milk is still good until the day ke- 8, pH progressively decreases, and the growth of coliform bacteria obtained the highest score of 3100x101 CFU / ml. Storage at 10°C-15°C for 14 days, organoleptic pasteurized milk is still good until the 6th day, the pH progressively decreases, and the growth of coliform bacteria obtained the highest score of 5729x101 CFU / ml. Storage at 25°C-27°C for 22 days, organoleptic pasteurized milk is still good until the 9th, pH progressively decreases, and the growth of coliform bacteria obtained the highest score of 4.3 x106 CFU / ml.ABSTRAKSalah satu usaha untuk mengurangi jumlah mikroba patogen pada susu adalah melalui proses pasteurisasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh suhu penyimpanan terhadap organoleptik, derajat keasaman (pH) dan pertumbuhan bakteri Coliform pada susu pasteurisasi. Susu pasteurisasi disimpan pada suhu yang bervariasi yaitu suhu 4°C (diamati selama 14 hari), suhu 10°C-15°C (diamati selama 14 hari) dan suhu 25°C-27°C (diamati selama 22 jam), serta dilakukan pula analisa awal susu pasteurisasi. Parameter yang diamati antara lain organoleptik (bau, rasa, warna, tekstur), pH dan jumlah bakteri Coliform. Pengujian derajat keasaman menggunakan kertas pH, sedangkan pengujian pertumbuhan bakteri Coliform dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode Total Plate Count berdasarkan SNI 2897 Tahun 2008. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penyimpanan pada suhu 4°C selama 14 hari, organoleptik susu pasteurisasi masih baik sampai dengan hari ke-8, pH semakin lama semakin menurun, dan pertumbuhan bakteri Coliform didapatkan nilai tertinggi sebesar 3100x101 Cfu/ml. Penyimpanan pada suhu 10°C-15°C selama 14 hari, organoleptik susu pasteurisasi masih baik sampai hari ke-6, pH semakin lama semakin menurun, dan pertumbuhan bakteri Coliform didapatkan nilai tertinggi sebesar 5729x101 Cfu/ml. Penyimpanan pada suhu 25°C-27°C selama 22 hari, organoleptik susu pasteurisasi masih baik sampai jam ke-9, pH semakin lama semakin menurun, dan pertumbuhan bakteri Coliform didapatkan nilai tertinggi sebesar 4,3 x106 Cfu/ml.Kata kunci : bakteri coliform, derajat keasaman, suhu penyimpanan, organoleptik, susu pasteurisasi

MICROBES PARAMETERS OF WATER QUALITY FOR AQUACULTURE ON PARI ISLAND WATERS

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lies Indah Sutiknowati
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Total Cell ◽  
Epifluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Total Density ◽  
Shellfish Aquaculture ◽  
Microbiological Parameters ◽  
Phosphate Nitrate

The objective of this research was to evaluate waters quality in Pari island waters for aquaculture purpose based on bacteriological information conducted in Mei and September 2011. Microbiological parameters analyzed were total density of bacteria for coliforms, E.coli, pathogenic, heterotrophic, halotoleran, phosphate-nitrate-ammonia breaker, and total cells. Method to analyze coliform bacteria was filtration, identification of pathogenic bacteria using biochemical test, density analises for heterotrophic bacteria, analises for phosphate-nitrate-ammonia breaker bacteria using pour plate, and total cell using Acridine Orange Epifluorescence Microscopy. Results showed that the abundance of total coliform cell was about 1000-7000 colony forming unit (cfu)/100 ml. The abundance of heterotrophic, halotolerant, phosphate-nitrate-ammonia bacteria in seawater was (3.6-4.3)x105 cfu/ml, (1.1-1.3)x105 cfu/ml, (0.5-3.44)x103cfu/ml; and (3.6-6.7)x105 cfu/ml, (1.6-2.7)x105 cfu/ml, (0.6-5.22)x103 cfu/ml in sediment, respectively. The total cell of bacteria was (0.05-2.1)x107cells/ml. The dog-conch (Strombus turturella) and blood-clamps (Anadara granosa) can survive in Pari Island and there was a significant increase in sea grass litter with growth average of 0.67 mm/day and 0.90 mm/day. During snails and clamps growth, there were found several genus of pathogenic bacteria such as Salmonella, Vibrio, Aeromonas, Pseudomonas, Citrobacter, Proteus, Shigella, Hafnia, and Yersinia. The results showed that Pari island waters was suitable for developing shellfish aquaculture dog conch and blood clamps. Keywords: bacteria, parameter, shellfish, aquaculture.

scholarly journals Cadmium (Cd) Resistance of Isolate Bacteria from Poboya Gold Mining in Palu, Central Sulawesi

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 298
Author(s):  
Fahruddin Fahruddin ◽  
Syahruddin Kasim ◽  
Eka Ummi Rahayu
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Resistance Testing ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Bacterial Isolation ◽  
Cadmium Resistance ◽  
Cadmium Metal ◽  
Plate Count Method ◽  
Central Sulawesi

The mining industry in Indonesia is growing rapidly, giving an environmental impact from the waste produced because it contains dangerous heavy metals, one of which is cadmium metal (Cd). The purpose to know the ability of cadmium resistance in bacterial isolates. Bacterial isolates were obtained from soil samples from the Poboya Gold Mine field, Palu. Bacterial isolation and selection were carried out by the plate count method, resistance testing using nutrient broth media containing heavy metals Cd, analysis of Cd concentrations using atomic absorption spectrophotometers. From the results of the study, four types of Cd resistant isolates were obtained based on macroscopic and microscopic characterization results, namely isolates EK1, EK2, EK3 and EK4. The two best isolates of Cd resistance, EK2 and EK4 isolates were tested on media containing 20 ppm Cd, showing that both of these isolates were able to significantly reduce Cd concentrations in the supernatant and pellets.

scholarly journals The health-related microbiological quality of bottled drinking water sold in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

2006 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel R. Kassenga
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Dar Es Salaam ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
Faecal Coliform ◽  
Coliform Bacteria

The consumption of bottled and plastic-bagged drinking water in Tanzania has increased largely because of the deteriorating quality of tap water. It is uncertain whether these water products are safe for drinking. In this study, the microbiological quality of bottled and plastic-bagged drinking water sold in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, was investigated. One hundred and thirty samples representing 13 brands of bottled water collected from shops, supermarkets and street vendors were analysed for total coliform and faecal coliform organisms as well as heterotrophic bacteria. These were compared with 61 samples of tap water. Heterotrophic bacteria were detected in 92% of the bottled water samples analysed. Total and faecal coliform bacteria were present in 4.6% and 3.6%, respectively, of samples analysed with a tendency for higher contamination rates in plastic-bagged drinking water. Microbiological quality of tap water was found to be worse compared with bottled water, with 49.2% and 26.2% of sampling points showing the presence of total coliform and faecal coliform organisms, respectively. The results suggest caution and vigilance to avert outbreaks of waterborne diseases from these types of drinking water.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of the Bacterial flora in a Tannery Polluted Environment

1970 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-159
Author(s):  
Mahmuda Begum ◽  
Abu Tweb Abu Ahmed ◽  
Fauzia Hafiz ◽  
Sahana Parveen
Keyword(s):  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Faecal Coliform ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Polluted Environment ◽  
Probable Number

The present study was carried out to assess the total bacterial load, incidence of total coliform, faecal coliform (Escherichia coli) and Salmonella species in water and soil of a tannery polluted environment (river Buriganga) and a selected freshwater fish pond environment. Samples were analyzed for their monthly variation and made a comparative investigation between the two different environments. The highest viable bacterial count was observed in tannery polluted water (2.7 x 105 cfu/ml) in May 2005 and in soil (5.7 x 107 cfu/g) in August, 2005. The total coliform and faecal coliform counts were always very high (>2,400/100 ml) in water and soil (>240/g) of tannery polluted area as measured by the most probable number (MPN) method. Salmonella was always present in tannery polluted samples, and occasionally in fresh water pond samples. It was also observed that tannery polluted environment was heavily polluted due to presence of large number of pathogenic bacteria as a result of tannery wastes discharged into the area. This poses serious threats to aquatic organisms, especially fish, and also for human being living in the Hazaribagh area.Keywords: Bacterial flora, Tannery polluted environment, Freshwater fish pondDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v24i2.1264

scholarly journals Analysis of the Physicochemical Parameters and Microbiological Quality of Water Samples Obtained from Mbiaso River and Enang Stream in Ikot Ekpene Metropolis

2021 ◽  
pp. 18-27
Author(s):  
Ekanem, Jonathan Okokon ◽  
Akpan, Nyaknoabasi Ime ◽  
Zorbari, Glory Msubaritoma
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Coliform Count ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Sampling Points ◽  
Who Standards

The physicochemical, microbiological and heavy metal studies of water samples obtained from Mbiaso River and Enang Stream were investigated. Water samples were collected from two locations with two sampling points from each location along the course of the water body based on their use by the community and analysed using standard procedures. The results obtained were compared with WHO standards for drinking and recreational water. Aside titratable acidity, titratable alkalinity and BOD, all other physicochemical parameters were within the permissible standards. All the heavy metals concentrations were above the permissible limits except for Lead (Pb) that ranged between 0.01mg/l to 0.05 mg/l for all the sampling points. All the water samples were found to harbor coliforms organisms in numbers greater than the required WHO standards for water except for Enang river that lacked the presence of Vibrio spp. The total viable counts for all the water samples were generally high exceeding the standard limit of 1.0 x 102 cfu/ml for water. The total heterotrophic bacteria count, total coliform count, faecal coliform count and total fungal count ranged between 1.9x104 - 52x104 cfu/ml, 2.3x104 -38 x104 cfu/ml, 1.7x104 - 30x104 cfu/ml and 2.5x104 - 5.3x104 cfu/ml respectively. The total salmonella-shigella counts and total staphylococcus counts were in the range of 0.2 x102-0.4 x102 cfu/ml and 0.3 x102 -0.6 x104 cfu/ml respectively. From the study, it is suggested that some regulations measures be put in place to control pollution of the water while the water be properly treated before use for domestic, potable or recreational purposes.

scholarly journals SEAWATER QUALITY FOR SHRIMP MARICULTURE BASED ON MICROBIOLOGY PARAMETERS

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lies Indah Sutiknowati
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Shrimp Aquaculture ◽  
Total Abundance ◽  
Colony Forming Unit ◽  
Water And Sediment ◽  
Phosphate Nitrate ◽  
Seawater Quality ◽  
Aquaculture Water

Seawater quality plays an important factor for the success of mariculture such as microbiology paramater. The research aimed  to analize the waters quality for shrimp mariculture in Barru, Pangkep, and Maros based on bacteriology parameters.  The research were carried out in June 2012. Bacteriology parameters analysed were total coliform, E.coli, pathogen, heterotrophic, halotolerant, and phosphate-nitrate-ammonia bacteria. Coliform and E.coli bacteria were analysed based on filtration. Pathogenic bacteria was identified using biochemical test. Heterotrophic, halotolerant, and phosphate-nitrate-ammonia bacteria were analysed using pour plate. The results from shrimp aquaculture showed the total abundance of coliform cell of >1000 colony forming unit (cfu)/100 ml, E.coli of 0-4 cfu/100ml, heterotrophic bacteria of about (31-176)x103 cfu/ml, and halotolerant bacteria of about (31-375)x103 cfu/ml. The results from sediment for heterotrophic bacteria was about (350-3920)x103 cfu/ml, halotolerant of about (350-4980)3x10 cfu/ml, and phosphate-nitrate-ammonia bacteria of about 14-46 cfu/ml. The pathogen bacteria waere found such as genus Aeromonas, Pseudomonas, Proteus, Citrobacter, Shigella and Yersinia. The dominant pathogens in shrimp aquaculture water and sediment were Proteus and Citrobacter. The results indicated that seawaters in Barru, Pangkep, and Maros can be used for mariculture including shrimp Panaeid. Keywords: bacteria, parameter, marineculture, shrimp.

scholarly journals Disinfection Performance of a Drinking Water Bottle System With a UV Subtype C LED Cap Against Waterborne Pathogens and Heterotrophic Contaminants

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard M. Mariita ◽  
Sébastien A. Blumenstein ◽  
Christian M. Beckert ◽  
Thomas Gombas ◽  
Rajul V. Randive
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Stationary Condition ◽  
Subtype C ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Log Reduction

The purgaty One systems (cap+bottle) are portable stainless-steel water bottles with UV subtype C (UVC) disinfection capability. This study examines the bottle design, verifies disinfection performance against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Vibrio cholerae, and heterotrophic contaminants, and addresses the public health relevance of heterotrophic bacteria. Bottles were inoculated with deliberately contaminated potable water and disinfection efficacy examined using colony forming unit (CFU) assay for each bacterial strain. The heterotrophic plate count (HPC) method was used to determine the disinfection performance against environmental contaminants at day 0 and after 3days of water in stationary condition without prior UVC exposure. All UVC irradiation experiments were performed under stationary conditions to confirm that the preset application cycle of 55s offers the desired disinfection performance under-tested conditions. To determine effectiveness of purgaty One systems (cap+bottle) in disinfection, inactivation efficacy or log reduction value (LRV) was determined using bacteria concentration between UVC ON condition and controls (UVC OFF). The study utilized the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene for characterization of isolates by identifying HPC bacteria to confirm if they belong to groups that are of public health concern. Purgaty One systems fitted with Klaran UVC LEDs achieved 99.99% inactivation (LRV4) efficacy against E. coli and 99.9% inactivation (LRV3) against P. aeruginosa, V. cholerae, and heterotrophic contaminants. Based on the 16S rRNA gene analyses, the study determined that the identified HPC isolates from UVC irradiated water are of rare public health concern. The bottles satisfactorily inactivated the target pathogenic bacteria and HPC contaminants even after 3days of water in stationary condition.

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