scholarly journals Caregiver Support in Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-12
Author(s):  
Mona Al Mukaddam ◽  
Kin Cheung ◽  
Sammi Kile ◽  
Michelle Davis ◽  
Frederick S. Kaplan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Functional Limitations ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Personal Care ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
Caregiver Support ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Using Data

Background:Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is an ultra-rare disease characterized by malformed great toes and progressive heterotopic ossification (HO) in soft tissues. Current standard-of-care is aimed at palliation of symptoms; there are no currently approved therapies to prevent HO. Recurrent episodes of HO starting in early life lead to cumulative disability, severe functional limitations, and shortened life span. Most individuals require assistive devices and extensive caregiver support before the second decade of life. Caregiver support is thought to be high, but the timing and extent of caregiver support in FOP has not been formally assessed. Methods: Using data from the International FOP Association (IFOPA) Global Registry on 299 patients (median age 21 years; range 0.1 to 78 years) from 54 countries, we characterized the extent of caregiver support by assessing the number of part-time and full-time caregivers and school aides reported by participants, based on age. Results: Over 50% of FOP Registry respondents reported a need for part-time or full-time home personal care attendants. The percentage of individuals who reported a requirement for bathing attendants and part- or full-time home personal care attendants increased with age (>1 part-time or full-time caregiver exceeded 30% for individuals >15 years of age), as did the number of part-time or full-time attendants. Support from school aides peaked between 9 and 15 years of age. Conclusion: Caregiver support in FOP is high in terms of time and amount of support needed, increases rapidly with age, and is substantial by the second decade of life. These findings highlight the urgent need for transformative treatments that will preserve the independence of individuals with FOP.

scholarly journals A multimodality test to guide the management of patients with a pancreatic cyst

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (501) ◽  
pp. eaav4772 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simeon Springer ◽  
David L. Masica ◽  
Marco Dal Molin ◽  
Christopher Douville ◽  
Christopher J. Thoburn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Pancreatic Cyst ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Supervised Machine Learning ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
Pancreatic Cysts ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
Imaging Characteristics ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Multimodality Test

Pancreatic cysts are common and often pose a management dilemma, because some cysts are precancerous, whereas others have little risk of developing into invasive cancers. We used supervised machine learning techniques to develop a comprehensive test, CompCyst, to guide the management of patients with pancreatic cysts. The test is based on selected clinical features, imaging characteristics, and cyst fluid genetic and biochemical markers. Using data from 436 patients with pancreatic cysts, we trained CompCyst to classify patients as those who required surgery, those who should be routinely monitored, and those who did not require further surveillance. We then tested CompCyst in an independent cohort of 426 patients, with histopathology used as the gold standard. We found that clinical management informed by the CompCyst test was more accurate than the management dictated by conventional clinical and imaging criteria alone. Application of the CompCyst test would have spared surgery in more than half of the patients who underwent unnecessary resection of their cysts. CompCyst therefore has the potential to reduce the patient morbidity and economic costs associated with current standard-of-care pancreatic cyst management practices.

Jobs, leisure and traditional pursuits: activities of native males in the Northwest Territories

Polar Record ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 25 (155) ◽  
pp. 295-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack C. Stabler
Keyword(s):  
Northwest Territories ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Individual Preference ◽  
Complex Mixture ◽  
Native People ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Modern Economy ◽  
Traditional Sector ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Using Data

abstractActivity patterns of native people in the Northwest Territories include a complex mixture of employment in the modern economy, full-time or part-time engagement in traditional pursuits, and leisure. This study identifies characteristics of participants in each activity which assist in interpreting the allocation of time among employment in the modern economy, the pursuit of traditional activities, and leisure. Three hypotheses—traditionalist, modernist and culturalist — were identified from current literature and tested statistically, using data collected in interviews held with 11,164 NWT residents in 1984. The hypotheses were: (1) engagement in the traditional sector is preferred to holding a job in the modem economy; thus, wage employment primarily facilitates pursuit of traditional activities; (2) engagement in the modern economy is preferred; those unable to work in it turn to traditional activities, which are easier to enter; (3) the traditional sector is an arena in which a cultural heritage can be maintained, a preferred sustenance obtained, or where one can demonstrate his prowess apart from any material gain that might be realized. The data do not unequivocally support any of the hypotheses, but this study suggests an alternative approach to the interpretation of activity patterns, based upon an analysis of individual preference functions.

scholarly journals Indicators of Nursing Personnel Supply in Outpatient Medical Care in the Russian Federation during 2010–2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 56-64
Author(s):  
V. A. Evdakov ◽  
Yu. Yu. Melnikov ◽  
A. V. Smyshlyaev
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Outpatient Care ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Nursing Personnel ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Medical Organization ◽  
Part Time ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Using Data

Aim. Analysis of the basic indicators of nursing personnel supply of the population and medical organisations providing outpatient care in the public health sector in the Russian Federation over the course of 2010–2018.Materials and methods. The study was conducted using data from the Federal Statistical Observation Form No. 30 “Medical Organization Information” for 2010–2018. Descriptive statistics and comparative analysis were used to assess the country-wide 2010–2018 dynamics of the indicators of nursing personnel supply of the population and medical centres providing outpatient care, including supply with full-time and employed positions, full-time staffing, the ratio of part-time employment, the number and shortage of healthcare workers.Results. For the period 2010–2018, the number of nursing personnel in medical units providing outpatient care increased by 2726 people (an increase of 0.5%), from 542,998 to 545,724. At the same time, the population supply with nursing personnel in outpatient medical units decreased from 38.0 to 37.2 per 10,000 population (a decrease by 2.1%), and staffing of full-time healthcare workers in this category decreased by 6.5%, from 94.2 to 87.7%.Conclusions. The study demonstrates a remarkable shortage of paramedics in outpatient health care (exceeding 200,000 people per annum) over the entire observation period of 2010–2018.

scholarly journals Gouty Arthropathy: Review of Clinical Manifestations and Treatment, with Emphasis on Imaging

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 166
Author(s):  
Jennifer S. Weaver ◽  
Ernest R. Vina ◽  
Peter L. Munk ◽  
Andrea S. Klauser ◽  
Jamie M. Elifritz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
Imaging Findings ◽  
Monosodium Urate ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitors

Gout, a crystalline arthropathy caused by the deposition of monosodium urate crystals in the articular and periarticular soft tissues, is a frequent cause of painful arthropathy. Imaging has an important role in the initial evaluation as well as the treatment and follow up of gouty arthropathy. The imaging findings of gouty arthropathy on radiography, ultrasonography, computed tomography, dual energy computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging are described to include findings of the early, acute and chronic phases of gout. These findings include early monosodium urate deposits, osseous erosions, and tophi, which may involve periarticular tissues, tendons, and bursae. Treatment of gout includes non-steroidal anti-inflammatories, colchicine, glucocorticoids, interleukin-1 inhibitors, xanthine oxidase inhibitors, uricosuric drugs, and recombinant uricase. Imaging is critical in monitoring response to therapy; clinical management can be modulated based on imaging findings. This review article describes the current standard of care in imaging and treatment of gouty arthropathy.

scholarly journals Great Minds Think Alike, Fools Seldom Differ: An Empirical Analysis of Opportunity Assessment in Technology Entrepreneurs

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Patrick Barry ◽  
Kathryn Cormican ◽  
Sean Browne
Keyword(s):  
Financial Analysis ◽  
New Venture ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Opportunity Costs ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Venture Creation ◽  
Nascent Entrepreneurs ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Using Data

This study extends the literature on self-employment and entrepreneurship by offering empirical insights into the factors that influence technology entrepreneurs at the early stages of the new venture creation process. Specifically, this research focuses on how technology entrepreneurs assess opportunities at the start of the process. Using data from technology entrepreneurs in Ireland, we analyze differences between part-time entrepreneurs and full-time entrepreneurs and discover that not all entrepreneurs attach importance to activities that were previously considered fundamental. While we confirm that opportunity cost, market assessment, and financial analysis are critical and ever-present, we argue that aspiring technology entrepreneurs must be cognizant that when employment-related costs are included as a dimension of opportunity costs, the level and importance of opportunity costs rise for both part-time and full-time entrepreneurs. We also find that whether nascent entrepreneurs work full-time or part-time on the new venture has an impact on which activities are completed and at what point of the process they are completed. For example, we show that part-time entrepreneurs identify markets earlier than full-time entrepreneurs whereas the opposite is true when it comes to financial data preparation. We argue that a greater understanding of these issues will help technology entrepreneurs to make informed decisions. As a result, our findings may influence an aspiring entrepreneur’s decision to start a new venture. They also have ramifications for investors and support services. Consequently, we discuss theoretical contributions, practical ramifications, and future research possibilities.

scholarly journals Labour Markets and Wages in Australia: 2010

2011 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Therese Jefferson ◽  
Alison Preston
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Labour Markets ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Time Work ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Labour Market Activity ◽  
Full Time Employment ◽  
Part Time Work

In this article we present data on earnings and hours in 2010 and, using data over a longer time frame, show how the character of the Australian labour market has significantly changed in recent decades. Among other things, we demonstrate a continued shift towards part-time work and, across full-time and part-time labour markets, a change in the distribution of jobs towards more highly skilled occupations. We continue to argue that traditional indicators of labour-market activity, such as headline unemployment and earnings in full-time employment, are only able to partially explain the health of the labour market. There is an urgent need to better understand other dimensions such as underemployment, part-time employment and part-time earnings.

Does Health Reform Lead to an Increase in Early Retirement? Evidence from Massachusetts

ILR Review ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 704-732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley T. Heim ◽  
LeeKai Lin
Keyword(s):  
Health Reform ◽  
Early Retirement ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Time Work ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Part Time Work

This article estimates the impact of the 2006 Massachusetts health reform on the decision of individuals to retire early. Using data from the American Community Survey that spans 2004 through 2012, the authors estimate difference-in-differences models for retirement using individuals from other northeastern states as the control group. The estimates suggest that the reform led women to increase early retirement from full-time work by 1.1 percentage points (from a base of 4.8%) and to increase part-time work by 1.1 percentage points (from a base of 30%). Though no significant effects were found for men overall, the estimates imply that the reform led to an increase in retirement and part-time work among lower-income men.

The effects of non-standard employment on work—family conflict

2008 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Hosking ◽  
Mark Western
Keyword(s):  
Family Conflict ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Work Family Conflict ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Work Family ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Employed Parents ◽  
Primary Carer

Over the last five decades the Australian labour market has changed profoundly, one prominent aspect being an increase in non-standard forms of employment. Using data from the first wave of the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia project, this article explores whether non-standard employment is associated with greater or reduced work—family conflict among employed parents and whether experiences vary by gender. We focus on three types of non-standard employment: part-time hours, casual and fixed-term contracts and non-standard scheduling practices. Regression analyses show that mothers who work full-time rather than part-time experience significantly greater work—family conflict. Casual employment is not linked to a reduction in work—family conflict for either mothers or fathers once we control for working hours. Even though mothers are the primary carer in most families, mothers do not report greater work—family conflict than fathers. We attribute this finding to gender differences in the time spent in employment.

scholarly journals Personal Care Aides as Household Employees and Independent Contractors: Estimating the Size and Job Characteristics of the Workforce

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joy Jeounghee Kim
Keyword(s):  
Service Industry ◽  
Job Characteristics ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Personal Care ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Independent Contractors ◽  
Care Aides ◽  
Using Data

Abstract Background and Objectives Although studies pointed out that the number of personal care aides (PCAs) at risk of being in informal employment arrangements is sizeable, little is known about its size and worker characteristics. This study aimed to estimate the share of PCAs working as household employees or independent contractors. It also aimed to compare their basic job characteristics against the job characteristics of those working as agency and government employees. Research Design and Methods Using data from the 2014-2018 American Community Surveys, a sample of 43,287 PCAs working for pay in the Home and Community-Based Service industry was identified, and their job characteristics - full-time weekly work (i.e., working at least 35 hours per week), year-round work (i.e., working at least 50 weeks a year), and annual gross earning – were analyzed by their employment arrangement. Results Analyses found that (1) close to a quarter of aides in the Home and Community-Based Service industry work as household employees or independent contractors while their share in the workforce varies by state and that (2) the work hours and earnings of full-time year-round working household employees or independent contractors are greater than those of their agency counterparts. The results shed light on why some aides may work as household employees or independent contractors. Discussion and Implications The presence of household employees and independent contractors has important implications for PCAs’ job characteristics and labor shortage in the U.S. home care industry. Considering the potentially negative consequences for both the aides’ economic security and the quality of care that consumers can receive, attention should be paid to ways to bring the aides into a more formal employment arrangement.

Employment status and family role attitudes: A trend analysis for the Netherlands

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 308-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerbert Kraaykamp
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Working Women ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Family Role ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Period Effects ◽  
The Family ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Time Part ◽  
Using Data

Using data from 14 repeated cross-sectional surveys ( N = 19,961), this study investigated trends in the family role attitudes of full-time, part-time and non-working men and women since the 1980s. The results show that in the Netherlands inter-cohort effects are considerably smaller in magnitude than intra-cohort (period) effects in driving changes in attitudes. Large differences were found between women working in paid employment (both full-time and part-time) and non-working women, and these differences remained remarkably stable over the years. Further, part-time working men seem much more egalitarian in their views on family roles than full-time working men. Although these differences declined somewhat over the years, a substantial gap remains.

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