scholarly journals The Effects of Caloric Restriction and/or Intermittent Fasting on Bone Health

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 10-13
Author(s):  
Connor A. Hernon ◽  
Abduallah Elsayed ◽  
Raphael M. Vicente ◽  
Ariane Zamarioli ◽  
Melissa A. Kacena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Intermittent Fasting ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Ad Libitum Intake ◽  
Available Information ◽  
The Impact

This mini-review summarizes the available information regarding the impact of caloric restriction (CR) and/or intermittent fasting (IF) on bone health. CR and IF are dietary interventions used in rehabilitative healthcare for augmenting weight loss and also proposed for recovery of conditions such as stroke and heart failure. CR restricts the total number of calories rather than different food groups or periods of eating. In contrast, IF severely restricts caloric intake for a period of time followed by a period of ad libitum intake. Here, we discuss the available information regarding the impact of these rehabilitation diets on bone metabolism, highlighting areas of consistency and discrepancy and suggesting future areas of study to advance the understanding of CR and/or IF on bone health.

Sex-related differences in energy balance in response to caloric restriction

2005 ◽  
Vol 289 (1) ◽  
pp. E15-E22 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Valle ◽  
A. Català-Niell ◽  
B. Colom ◽  
F. J. García-Palmer ◽  
J. Oliver ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Production ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Ad Libitum Intake

Sex-related differences in energy balance were studied in young Wistar rats fed standard chow pellets either ad libitum or in restricted amounts (60% of ad libitum intake) for 100 days. Caloric intake, indirect calorimetry, organ and adipose tissue weights, energy efficiency, liver mitochondrial respiration rate, and brown adipose tissue (BAT) uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1) content were measured. Ad libitum-fed females showed greater oxygen consumption (V̇o2) and carbon dioxide production (V̇co2) and lower energy efficiency than males. Caloric restriction induced a chronic drop of V̇o2 and V̇co2 in females but not in males over the period studied. Restricted females showed a better conservation of metabolic active organ mass and a greater decrease in adipose depots than restricted males. Moreover, changes of BAT size and UCP1 content suggest that BAT may be the main cause responsible for sex differences in the response of energy balance to caloric restriction. In conclusion, our results indicate that females under caloric restriction conditions deactivate facultative thermogenesis to a greater degree than males. This ability may have obvious advantages for female survival and therefore the survival of the species when food is limiting.

Weight gains and fat accumulation in rats subjected to periods of caloric restriction

1961 ◽  
Vol 201 (6) ◽  
pp. 1044-1048 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. W. Heggeness
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Feeding Rates ◽  
Fat Accumulation ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Elevated Rate ◽  
Ad Libitum Intake ◽  
Stimulation Of

It was previously observed that weanling rats subjected to several days of caloric intake just sufficient to maintain weight and then fed ad libitum developed enhanced rates of lipid accumulation. Animals so treated gained weight and accumulated fat at a rate greater than did animals fed ad libitum from weaning. The objective of the present study was to determine the conditions of restricted intake that resulted in the greatest stimulation of lipogenesis and to evaluate the effect of an initially elevated rate of fat accumulation on later body composition. Maximal stimulation of lipogenesis was found to follow 6 days of caloric restriction on a diet high in carbohydrate. Differences in body weight and fat content previously observed after 6 days were not maintained. By the 12th day of ad libitum feeding, body weight and fat content of control animals and those with elevated lipogenesis were the same. Animals subjected to periods of caloric restriction alternating with periods of ad libitum intake showed, during unrestricted feeding, rates of weight gain and fat accumulation greater than that of animals fed ad libitum continuously.

scholarly journals Intermittent fasting induces chronic changes in the hepatic gene expression of Red Junglefowl (Gallus gallus)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Lindholm ◽  
Petros Batakis ◽  
Jordi Altimiras ◽  
John Lees
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Endocrine Function ◽  
Intermittent Fasting ◽  
Proliferative Potential ◽  
Red Junglefowl ◽  
Parent Stock ◽  
Ad Libitum

Abstract Background: Intermittent fasting, the implementation of fasting periods of at least 12 consecutive hours on a daily to weekly basis, has received a lot of attention in recent years for imparting the life-prolonging and health-promoting effects of caloric restriction with no or only moderate actual restriction of caloric intake. Intermittent fasting is also widely practiced in the rearing of so-called broiler breeders, the parent stock of meat-type chickens, who require strict feed restriction regimens to prevent the serious health problems associated with their voracious appetites. Although intermittent fasting has been extensively used in this context to reduce feed competition and its resulting stress it has not usually been considered as a health-span promoter, but presents an alternative and complementary model to rodent studies. In both mammals and birds, the liver is one of the main responders to variations in energy balance. In this paper we examine the liver transcriptomics of wild-type Red Junglefowl chickens fed either ad libitum, chronically restricted to around 70% of ad libitum daily or intermittently fasted on a 2:1 (2 days fed, 1 day fasted) schedule without actual caloric restriction using a microarray. Results: We find large effects of feeding regimen on liver transcriptomics, with most of the affected genes relating to energy metabolism. Interestingly we also find large, chronic effects on the transcription of a battery of cell proliferation-promoting genes. Similar regenerative effects have been reported in rodents, where they have been associated with reduced levels of circulating leptin. A small number of inflammation-related genes also show chronically changed expression profiles. Conclusions: The increase in proliferative potential suggested by the gene expression changes reported here is a first indication that birds and mammals respond similarly to intermittent fasting practices. Our findings may indicate that the health benefits of periodic caloric restriction are ubiquitous and note restricted to mammals alone. The mechanisms underpinning these benefits are, however, unclear as leptin has been associated with these benefits in mammals but does not have endocrine function in birds. The observed effects on inflammation-related genes may be either beneficial or detrimental for the animal and could warrant further investigation.

scholarly journals Effects of Indigenous Diet Iron Content and Location on Hemoglobin Levels of Ghanaians

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2710 ◽  
Author(s):  
April Callister ◽  
Joanna Gautney ◽  
Christina Aguilar ◽  
Julian Chan ◽  
David Aguilar
Keyword(s):  
Food Group ◽  
Food Type ◽  
Plant Proteins ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Sex Distribution ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Food Frequency ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Ease Of Access ◽  
The Impact

Multiple studies have demonstrated strong links between diet and anemia, but few have explored the impact of food groups on hemoglobin (Hb). We analyzed the correlation between Ghanaian diet and Hb levels to explore reduction of anemia prevalence through dietary interventions. Demographics, food frequency questionnaires (FFQ), and blood samples were obtained from 140 volunteers (ages 18–65) in five locations across Ghana. Hb was measured; estimated iron consumption was calculated. FFQ items were grouped by food type, and a regression analysis was performed to determine the most important dietary predictors of Hb. Moreover, 47% of total participants were anemic; 64% of females and 28% of males. Hb levels were highest in Mole (13.9 g/dL, SD = ±1.9), independent of sex distribution. The regression model revealed a 62.7% adjusted correlation between food groups and Hb levels. Animal foods (β = 0.016, t = 5.08, p < 0.01) and plant protein (β = 0.013, t = 2.86, p < 0.01) were the most influential groups to Hb levels. It is of vital importance to emphasize the benefits of consuming animal foods and plant proteins within the Ghanaian population. The ease of access to plant proteins makes it likely that this food group will be most influential and have the greatest impact in reduction of anemia in the Ghanaian population.

scholarly journals Effects of Diet on Brain Plasticity in Animal and Human Studies: Mind the Gap

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tytus Murphy ◽  
Gisele Pereira Dias ◽  
Sandrine Thuret
Keyword(s):  
Animal Studies ◽  
Brain Plasticity ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Synaptic Function ◽  
Human Studies ◽  
Lifestyle Factor ◽  
Intermittent Fasting ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Dietary Polyphenols ◽  
The Impact

Dietary interventions have emerged as effective environmental inducers of brain plasticity. Among these dietary interventions, we here highlight the impact of caloric restriction (CR: a consistent reduction of total daily food intake), intermittent fasting (IF, every-other-day feeding), and diet supplementation with polyphenols and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on markers of brain plasticity in animal studies. Moreover, we also discuss epidemiological and intervention studies reporting the effects of CR, IF and dietary polyphenols and PUFAs on learning, memory, and mood. In particular, we evaluate the gap in mechanistic understanding between recent findings from animal studies and those human studies reporting that these dietary factors can benefit cognition, mood, and anxiety, aging, and Alzheimer’s disease—with focus on the enhancement of structural and functional plasticity markers in the hippocampus, such as increased expression of neurotrophic factors, synaptic function and adult neurogenesis. Lastly, we discuss some of the obstacles to harnessing the promising effects of diet on brain plasticity in animal studies into effective recommendations and interventions to promote healthy brain function in humans. Together, these data reinforce the important translational concept that diet, a modifiable lifestyle factor, holds the ability to modulate brain health and function.

scholarly journals Intermittent fasting and caloric restriction interact with genetics to shape physiological health in mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guozhu Zhang ◽  
Andrew Deighan ◽  
Anil Raj ◽  
Laura Robinson ◽  
Hannah J. Donato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Intermittent Fasting ◽  
Cardiac Physiology ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Diversity Outbred ◽  
Outbred Mice ◽  
One Year

Dietary interventions can dramatically affect physiological health and organismal lifespan. The degree to which organismal health is improved depends upon genotype and the severity of dietary intervention, but neither the effects of these factors, nor their interaction, have been quantified in an outbred population. Moreover, it is not well understood what physiological changes occur shortly after dietary change and how these may affect the health of early adulthood population. In this article, we investigated the effect of six month exposure of either caloric restriction or intermittent fasting on a broad range of physiological traits in 960 one year old Diversity Outbred mice. We found caloric restriction and intermittent fasting affected distinct aspects of physiology and neither the magnitude nor the direction (beneficial or detrimental) of effects were concordant with the severity of the intervention. In addition to the effects of diet, genetic variation significantly affected 31 of 36 traits (heritabilties ranged from 0.04-0.65). We observed significant covariation between many traits that was due to both diet and genetics and quantified these effects with phenotypic and genetic correlations. We genetically mapped 16 diet-independent and 2 diet-dependent significant quantitative trait loci, both of which were associated with cardiac physiology. Collectively, these results demonstrate the degree to which diet and genetics interact to shape the physiological health of early adult-hood mice following six months of dietary intervention.

Effects of caloric restriction on cell proliferation in several tissues in mice: role of intermittent feeding

2005 ◽  
Vol 288 (5) ◽  
pp. E965-E972 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine A. Hsieh ◽  
Christine M. Chai ◽  
Marc K. Hellerstein
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Mammary Epithelial Cells ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Mammary Epithelial ◽  
Intermittent Feeding ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Time Course Study

Reduced cell proliferation may mediate anticarcinogenic effects of caloric restriction (CR). Using heavy water (2H2O) labeling, we investigated the cell proliferation response to CR in detail, including time course, effect of refeeding, and role of intermittent feeding with 5% CR. In the time-course study, 8-wk-old female C57BL/6J mice were placed on a 33% CR regimen (fed 3 times/wk) for varying durations. Compared with responses in controls fed ad libitum (AL), proliferation rates of keratinocytes, mammary epithelial cells, and T cells were markedly reduced within 2 wk of CR. In mice fed 95% ad libitum (C95, fed 3 times/wk), cell proliferation was also reduced in all tissues so that differences from 33% CR were only significant at 1 mo. In the refeeding study, mice were refed a C95 diet for varying durations after 1 mo of 33% CR. Cell proliferation rebounded to a suprabasal rate in all tissues after 2 wk of refeeding and then normalized after 2 mo, although the C95 group again exhibited lower cell proliferation than the AL group. The role of intermittent feeding was studied by comparing 33% CR and C95 animals (both fed intermittently) with animals fed isocalorically either daily or continuously by pellet dispenser. Intermittent feeding had no additive effect on 33% CR but reduced cell proliferation in all tissues at the 95% caloric intake level. In summary, the CR effect on cell proliferation is potent, rapid, and reversible in several tissues, and an intermittent feeding pattern reproduces much of the effect in the absence of substantial CR.

scholarly journals Impact of Ramadan Intermittent Fasting on Oxidative Stress Measured by Urinary 15-F2t-Isoprostane

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mo'ez Al-Islam Ezzat Faris ◽  
Rand Nidal Hussein ◽  
Ref'at Ahmad Al-Kurd ◽  
Mohammed Ahmed Al-Fararjeh ◽  
Yasser Khalil Bustanji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
The Body ◽  
Intermittent Fasting ◽  
Hematological Indices ◽  
Biochemical Measurements ◽  
Total Body ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Urine And Serum

Fasting and caloric restriction have been associated with reduced incidence of chronic diseases and cancers. These effects have been attributed to reduced oxidative stress. Since Ramadan intermittent fasting (RIF) has been associated with reduced caloric intake, it was hypothesized that RIF would alleviate oxidative stress in healthy volunteers. The study was designed to elucidate the impact of RIF on oxidative stress measured by 15-F2t-Isoprostane (15FIP). Fifty healthy subjects (23 men and 27 women) who intended to fast Ramadan were recruited. Urine and serum sampling and anthropometric and dietary assessments were conducted one week before Ramadan (T0), at the end of the third week of Ramadan (T1), and one month after Ramadan (T2). Biochemical measurements included urinary 15FIP, creatinine, and hematological indices. Results revealed that the urinary level of 15FIP measured at T0 was normal, while they showed a significantly (P<0.05) higher level when measured at T1 concomitant with a significant (P<0.05) increase in the body weight and total body fat percent. In conclusion, results suggest that increased body weight is associated with increased lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress, and the impact of RIF on oxidative stress is mediated by the changes in body weight at the end of the month.

scholarly journals Fasting and Its Impact on Skin Anatomy, Physiology, and Physiopathology: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Bragazzi ◽  
Maha Sellami ◽  
Iman Salem ◽  
Rosalynn Conic ◽  
Mark Kimak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Radical Change ◽  
The Body ◽  
Intermittent Fasting ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Ramadan Fasting ◽  
The Impact

Skin serves as the first protective line and barrier of the body. Like many other organs, skin can be affected by several disorders in response to external factors such as pathogens, ultraviolet light, and pollution, as well as endogenous alterations related to aging and/or oxidative stress disturbance. Researchers have reported new insights into how skin cells are altered in response to caloric restriction diets in mammals. One of the most well-known caloric restriction diets is the Ramadan intermittent fasting, which is a radical change in the diet plan of practitioners for the period of one lunar month. Ramadan fasting represents the fourth of the five pillars of the Islamic creed. Even though infirm individuals are waived to take part in this religious duty, patients with various health problems, including those with different skin disorders, might choose to share this event with peers and family members. No standardized protocols or guidelines exist, however, to advise their physicians on the proper management of their patients’ condition during fasting. With an increasing Muslim population living in Western countries, this topic has started to draw substantial attention, not only of Middle-Eastern physicians, but also of clinicians in the West. For this purpose, we carried out a comprehensive overview on the topic. Our main findings are that: (1) there is a strong need for evidence-based suggestions and guidance. Literature on the impact of the Ramadan fasting, as well as of other kinds of fasting, on skin diseases is scarce and of poor quality, as well as the information available from the Internet; (2) patients willing to fast should be advised about the importance of taking proper treatments or consider alternative options including administration of trans-dermal/topical drugs, as they are permitted during daylight hours. Further, non-compliance has important, clinical and economic implications for an effective patient management.

Exercise regulation of triiodothyronine metabolism

1988 ◽  
Vol 255 (6) ◽  
pp. E824-E828 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. L. Katzeff ◽  
D. Bovbjerg ◽  
D. A. Mark
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Voluntary Exercise ◽  
Metabolic Clearance ◽  
Production Rates ◽  
Absolute Level ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Caloric Balance

Negative caloric balance reduces triiodothyronine (T3) production in both humans and rodents. The effects of chronic voluntary exercise and various levels of caloric intake and balance on T3 metabolism were studied in adult male C57/BL6 mice to determine if exercise had any direct effects on T3 production in vivo and in vitro. Chronic voluntary exercise was induced by the addition of running wheels to cages for 28 days. Ad libitum-fed exercising mice ingested 20% greater calories (P less than 0.02), maintained body weight, and increased T3 production (53.1 +/- 5.3 vs. 42.3 +/- 3.4 ng.h-1.100 mg body wt-1; P less than 0.01). Exercising animals pair fed to sedentary ad libitum-fed controls decreased their body mass to an equivalent degree as underfed sedentary animals (caloric intake 75% of ad libitum-fed controls) but had increased T3 clearance compared with weight-matched underfed sedentary control (P less than 0.05). Animals that were underfed and exercised decreased their body weight to a greater extent (P less than 0.01) compared with the sedentary underfed group, but T3 production rates were equal. Activity of liver 5'-deiodinase activity was decreased almost 50% (P less than 0.01) during both exercise plus pair feeding and exercise plus caloric restriction but decreased only 28% during caloric restriction alone (P less than 0.01). T3 metabolic clearance and production rates in vivo were correlated to caloric intake (r = 0.73, P less than 0.01), but an interaction between exercise and caloric balance was observed. Chronic voluntary exercise modulates T3 metabolism via several mechanisms. Exercise has an apparent stimulatory effect independent of caloric intake, but also there are regulatory effects dependent on the absolute level of caloric intake and relative caloric balance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document