scholarly journals Originality of the Golden Age of Russian Literature in Reflections of the Silver Age

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-79
Author(s):  
Tatiana Alexandrovna Koshemchuk
2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 294-314
Author(s):  
Olga A. Bogdanova

<p>The article studies the space-semiotic organization of one of the central symbolist novels of the Silver age, associated with the &ldquo;estate topos&rdquo; in Russian literature. Most of the action in the &ldquo;Roman-Prince&rdquo; by Z.&nbsp;N.&nbsp;Gippius takes place in the 1910s on the territory of country estates in different parts of Russia, as well as in the Western European castle near the Pyrenees, where Russian revolutionaries live. The duality of the Russian revolution manifested as late as in Decembrist movement (the &ldquo;autocratic&rdquo; dictatorship of P.&nbsp;I.&nbsp;Pestel and the Christian democratism of S.&nbsp;I.&nbsp;Muravyov-Apostol) echoed in Gippius&rsquo;s novel in the form of the opposition between Roman Smentsev and Mikhail Rzhevsky, along with his supporters Florenty and Litta. Gippius&rsquo;s discovery consists in the fact that she found in the field of &ldquo;estate topos&rdquo; a meaning that goes back to the activities of the Decembrists-noble revolutionaries of the first quarter of the 19th&nbsp;century, often large landowners. The &ldquo;Estate topos&rdquo; appears in the &ldquo;Roman-Prince&rdquo; as the topos of the Russian religious revolution in a number of local variations. The ideological and artistic circulation between its three loci unites the Western European castle, reminiscent of the educationist roots of the Russian &ldquo;estate culture&rdquo; with its ideal of a free personality, a noble estate of the Golden age, which brings Russia&rsquo;s first apostles of religious revolution, and eclectic intelligent-landowner estate of the Silver age, the inhabitants of shich are under the evil power of the Antichrist of the revolution, genetically ascending to Stavrogin of the novel &ldquo;Demons&rdquo; by F.&nbsp;M.&nbsp;Dostoevsky. At the same time, they maintain the ability to break the fatal circle outlined by Smentsev thanks to the heterotopic connection with the other two estate projections presented in the novel. So, the scientific novelty of the article is that: here, in the material of the Gippius&rsquo;s novel is identified and discussed an important modification of the &ldquo;estate topos&rdquo; in the literature of Russian symbolism&nbsp;&mdash; a landowner&rsquo;s rural estate as a topos of the religious revolution, and for understanding of its structure a new category&nbsp;&mdash; &ldquo;heterotopia of the estate&rdquo;&nbsp;&mdash; is used.</p>


Author(s):  
Elena Yu. Safronova ◽  

The article explores the dynamics of comic depiction of the “estate topos” in Russian literature since the mid-XIX century to early XX century. The article is based on the novel “The Village of Stepanchikovo and its inhabitants. From the notes of the unknown” (1859) by F.M. Dostoevsky and the short story “The Raid on Barsukovka” (1914) by M.A. Kuzmin. It is shown that already in the time of Dostoevsky’s mature creativity in Russian literature there were recognizable stamps of the so-called “estate story”, which the author of “Village Stepanchikovo” parodies in a satirical way. In the Silver age, when Kuzmin created his story, the passeistic ideal of the Golden age of the Russian “estate culture” had been already formed with its sublime aestheticized perfection, which was considered by the author of the beginning of the XX century in a humorous way. Thus, the criticism of the extremes and distortions of the “estate culture” in Dostoevsky’s novel was of a more serious and radical, socio-psychological nature in comparison with its denial by a number of writers of the turn of the XIX– XX centuries from the point of view of “pan-aestheticism” of the Silver age.


Ab Imperio ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
pp. 257-259
Author(s):  
Alessandro Achilli

Literary Fact ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 115-130
Author(s):  
Veronika B. Zuseva-Özkan

The article considers the unpublished play by Maria Levberg, a little known female writer of the Silver Age. Aleksandr Blok praised this drama entitled Danton; thanks to his efforts, it was performed in the Bolshoi Drama Theater in 1919. Danton is discussed in several articles by Blok (Bolshoi Drama Theater in the Next Season, of 19 May 1919, Tribune (Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus)) and in his correspondence; it is also mentioned in Blok’s notebooks. The author of the article analyzes all these mentions, reconstructs the history of interactions between Blok and Levberg. Some of her letters to the poet are published here for the first time. Blok’s notes on the typed copy of Danton, preserved at the Manuscript Department of the Institute of Russian Literature in Saint Petersburg, are described. The relationship between this version of the play and the version, preserved at the Russian State Archive of Literature and Arts in Moscow, is revealed. The author analyzes the plot and the system of characters, characterizes the concept of history expressed in Danton, and proposes the hypothesis why this play turned out to be so dear to Blok. Blok’s reviews on Danton are compared to those written by A.M. Remizov (who also welcomed the play, as well as other dramas by Levberg — Stones of Death and The Chevalier’s Epee) and by M.A. Kuzmin who displayed a more critical attitude. Finally, the place of this drama among Levberg’s works and her main themes and ideas are considered.


Author(s):  
Maxim V. Skorokhodov ◽  

“Estate topos” is usually considered in the works of authors who had estates or for a long time were living in estates of their relatives and friends. Significantly less attention is paid to the characterization of the “estate topos” in the texts of the authors, who, due to class restrictions, were not the owners of the estates and their frequent guests. In the literature of the Russian Silver Age, these are primarily the poets of the “peasant concord” group: N. Klyuev, S. Ese nin, A. Shiryaevets, S. Klychkov and oth- ers. For them, the most important and often the earliest in time of development of the source of knowledge about the Russian estate was Russian literature. The poets got an idea of estate complexes from personal experience. Elements of these complexes become symbols, each of which has a semantic filling formed over a long period. Revolutionary events of 1917–1921 lead to the rapid death of the estate world. If Klyuev in the early post-revolutionary years welcomed this process, then for Shiryaevets the Russian estate is inseparable from peasant life, Esenin is characterized by the transfer of elements of landlord complexes to the space of the peasant estate, in the heritage of Klychkov, like some other authors, an important role is played by a garden connected not only with the landowner estate, but also with peasant life, with the Garden of Eden.


2019 ◽  
pp. 1-36
Author(s):  
Stanley J. Rabinowitz

HISTORIANS OF CULTURE LOOK at Russia’s Silver Age—the period of aesthetic activity roughly between 1895 and 1915—as one of the great artistic revivals of modern history, the initial phase of what eventually became more generally known as modernism. Even more than the previous Golden Age of Pushkin, Lermontov, and other Romantic poets some sixty years earlier, this period reveals a flowering of cultural refinement rarely seen on such a broad scale. Not only writers and poets but musicians, painters, and figures in the world of theater and dance cultivated a greater sensitivity to art, which placed a premium as much on the artists’ unique personalities as on the variety and quality of the original works they produced. An early and defining emblem of the new age was Sergei Diaghilev’s lavishly illustrated ...


2021 ◽  
pp. 342-356
Author(s):  
Elena S. Sonina ◽  

Due to the literary-centric nature of Russian culture and the performance of the functions of civil society by the printed word, the role of the writer in the history of Russian literature and journalism of the Russian Empire was traditionally high. Therefore, satirical graphics constantly turned to the image of the Russian writer. The study compares the methods of depicting writers in the 19th and early 20th centuries and isolates the traditions of referring to the literary past and present. Caricature in connection with new trends in literature showed writers in the role of heroes of low and elite cultures, “tramps” (bossjaki) and modernists.


Neophilology ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 521-529
Author(s):  
Kirill V. Smirnov

We analyze the implementation specific of the Kore archetype, introduced by C.G. Jung and K. Kerenyi, in relation to the image of Katerina, the main heroine of the play “The storm” by A.N. Ostrovsky. The main focus is on the archetype of Katherine’s image. In the process of research, comparative typological, historical, biographical and interpretive methods are used. Due to the analysis of the works of V.V. Toporova, E.M. Meletinsky, N.A. Berdyaev, T. Eliot and others, Katerina’s involvement in the Kore archetype is revealed. We investigate the specific situation of Katerina’s life in the Kabanov family: dependence on circumstances forces the heroine to commit adultery in order to find female happiness. We prove that Katerina’s image created by A.N. Ostrovsky and actualizing the most pressing problems of the modern playwright of society, is typical for Russian literature of the Golden age in social and psychological terms. A detailed study of the main character’s image allows us to come to the conclusion that the illusory feeling and the subsequent doom to suffer reproduce the stable image of a Russian woman, ready for love, but receiving nothing in return. The results of this study may be interesting to everyone who is interested in the work of A.N. Ostrovsky and archetypes in Russian literature of the 19th century.


Author(s):  
Р.Н. АБИСАЛОВА

Одна из значимых проблем мировой художественной культуры – проблема взаимосвязи и взаимовлияния литератур. Она еще более актуальна в России, которая позиционируется как многонациональное государство. Потому роль межкультурного диалога русской и осетинской литературы, возникшего в конце 19 века, лишь увеличивалась в последующие десятилетия. Ощутимым в развитии этого диалога представляется творчество выдающегося российского поэта, прозаика, переводчика, журналиста, педагога и художника Сергея Митрофановича Городецкого, вошедшего в русскую литературу на рубеже XIX и XX веков в рамках культуры «Серебряного века». Эта эпоха составила гордость отечественной литературы, дав миру А. Блока, А. Ахматову, С. Есенина, И. Бунина, В. Брюсова, Н. Гумилева, К. Бальмонта, О.Мандельштама, В.Маяковского, М.Волошина и многих других. Наследие С. Городецкого поражает жанровым многообразием – поэзия, проза, драматургия, оперные либретто, публицистика, критика, литературоведческие статьи, переводы. Его долгое творчество развивалось под влиянием русского фольклора, символизма, неоромантизма, неомифологизма, он сформулировал задачи акмеизма. Предлагаемая работа посвящена осетинским литературным связям Городецкого, практически не отраженным ни в его биографиях, ни в исследованиях творчества. В 1919 г. журналистская судьба привела поэта на Кавказ, полюбившийся ему на всю жизнь. Его знакомство с Осетией началось с Нартовского эпоса, с перевода в 1920 г. нартовской легенды об Ацамазе и Агунде. В 1928 г. он обратился к осетинскому Даредзановскому эпосу и творчеству осетинского драматурга Е.Бритаева, создав либретто оперы «Амран», поставленной на сцене Большого театра. В 30-е годы со знакомства с поэтом Харитоном Плиевым начинается новый этап осетинских литературных связей Городецкого. Началом их многолетней творческой дружбы стал перевод стихотворения Х. Плиева «Æнæхуыссæг æхсæв», написанного на смерть Кирова. Городецкий, опытный переводчик, приложил немалые старания в поисках адекватности образности, художественных особенностей, выразительности осетинской поэтической речи. Помощь в этом ему оказали знания, приобретенные в середине 20-х гг., когда в качестве корреспондента газеты «Известия» он побывал в Осетии, познакомился с ее этнографией, культурой, эпосом, обрядами и обычаями, встречался с народом Осетии. Затем Городецкий обращается к образу выдающегося осетинского поэта Коста Хетагурова, любовь к которому, обусловленная общностью идейной направленности их творчества, отношения к народу, к фольклору, оставалась неизменной до конца жизни. В статье рассмотрены переводы Городецкого стихотворений Харитона (Хадо) Плиева, посвященных Коста. Их отличает высокое качество перевода, глубокое проникновение в специфику осетинской поэтической речи, художественного мышления национальных поэтов, их духовно-нравственных ценностей. Также проанализировано стихотворение Городецкого «Коста Хетагурову», написанное в 1939 г. к юбилею поэта и прочитанное им на торжествах во Владикавказе (тогда Орджоникидзе). Через несколько десятилетий это стихотворение перевел на осетинский язык поэт Хаджи-Мурат Дзуццати. One of the significant problems of world art culture is the problem of the interconnection and mutual influence of literature. It is even more relevant in Russia, which is positioned as a multinational state. Therefore, the role of intercultural dialogue between Russian and Ossetian literature, which arose at the end of the 19th century, only increased in the following decades. The work of the outstanding Russian poet, prose writer, translator, journalist, teacher and artist Sergei Mitrofanovich Gorodetsky, who entered the Russian literature at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries as part of the Silver Age culture, seems to be tangible in the development of this dialogue. This era was the pride of Russian literature, giving the world A. Blok, A. Akhmatov, S. Yesenin, I. Bunin, V. Bryusov, N. Gumilyov, K. Balmont, O. Mandelstam, V. Mayakovsky, M. Voloshin and many others. S. Gorodetsky’s heritage is striking in its genre diversity – poetry, prose, dramaturgy, opera libretto, journalism, criticism, literary articles, and translations. His long work developed under the influence of Russian folklore, symbolism, neo-romanticism, neo-mythology, he formulated the tasks of acmeism. The proposed work is dedicated to the Ossetian literary connections of Gorodetsky, which are practically not reflected either in his biographies or in his studies of his creations. In 1919, the journalistic fate brought the poet to the Caucasus. His acquaintance with Ossetia began with the Nart epic, with the translation in 1920 of the Nart legend of Atsamaz and Agunda. In 1928, he turned to the Ossetian Daredzan epic and the work of the Ossetian playwright E. Britaev, creating the libretto of the opera Amran, staged in the Bolshoi Theater. In the 30s, a new period in the Ossetian literary relations of Gorodetsky began with his acquaintance with the poet Khariton Pliev. The beginning of their creative friendship was the translation of the poem by Kh. Pliev “Ænækhuyssæg ækhsæv”, written on the death of Kirov. Gorodetsky, an experienced translator, made considerable efforts in the search for the adequacy of imagery, artistic features, and expressiveness of Ossetian poetic speech. The knowledge acquired in the mid-1920s, when he visited Ossetia as a correspondent for the Izvestia newspaper, got acquainted with its ethnography, culture, epos, rites and customs, and met with the people of Ossetia, helped him a lot. Then Gorodetsky turned to the image of the outstanding Ossetian poet Kosta Khetagurov, whose love, due to the common ideological orientation of their work, attitude to the people, to folklore, remained unchanged until the end of his life. The article considers the translations of Gorodetsky poems by Khariton (Hado) Pliev dedicated to Kosta. They are distinguished by the high quality of translation, deep penetration into the specifics of Ossetian poetic speech, the artistic thinking of national poets, their spiritual and moral values. Gorodetsky’s poem “Kosta Khetagurov”, written in 1939 for the poet’s anniversary and read by him at the celebrations in Vladikavkaz (then Ordzhonikidze), is also analyzed. A few decades later, this poem was translated into Ossetian by the poet Haji-Murat Dzutstsati.


Author(s):  
Olesya A. Metelyova

The study is devoted to the complex analysis of Vasily Maikov’s "Ode to Count Zakhar Tchernyshov...". This work can be considered one of the key poems in the process of forming the country estate poetry in Russian literature. Vasily Maykov’s poem is regarded as a literary dialogue with the works of his contemporaries – Aleksey Rzhevskiy and Mikhail Kheraskov. Vasily Maykov continues to develop motifs of peace, the golden age, the search for spiritual harmony in his "country estate" ode. The work widely represents the Masonic motifs of moral work on oneself and the sentimental motif of comprehending the world with heart rather than mind. The poet was one of the first to introduce material context into his poems, correlated with the realities of a particular country estate and the life of his contemporaries, which is connected with the leading tendency of the literature of the last third of the 18th century.


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