TB CATEGORY

Objective: To determine the risk factors for type of TB category in Multan.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Nishtar Medical College and Hospital,Multan at Chest and Pulmonology Ward to explore the major factors for the type of TB in Multan,Pakistan. We surveyed 164 patients diagnosed for TB from March 2012 to August 2012. The chisquaretest was used to find the responsible factors for type of TB category. The data wereanalyzed by using SPSS 20 software. Results: The mean age of these patients was 40.5,100male and 64 female patients. 68.9% of cat-1 and 31.1% patients of Cat-2, 65.3% patients havingno education, 35.4% patients were of labor profession working in different scenarios, 76.8%patients have their family income less than ten thousands, 67.7% patients belong to the urbanresidence, 65.2% patients have poor sanitary condition of their houses, 63.41% patients weresmoker and 70.1% patients have TB in their families. On the basis of p-value for each factors, wehave found that blood pressure (p=0.0100), already treated (p=0.0000), doctor visited(p=0.0000), smoking habit (p=0.0263) and area (p=0.0020) of patients are statisticallysignificant factors while gender (p=0.7040), Education (p=0.0800), family history (p=0.3090),current ATT period (p=0.7280), weight (p=0.1300), environment (p=0.2590), income level(p=0.3690), profession (p=0.0540) and age (p=0.4130) are the insignificant factors.Conclusions: We have found that blood pressure, already treated, doctor visited, smoking habitand area of patients are the significant factors for type of TB category.

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The measurement of blood pressure in winter season and its co-relation with blood pressure after cold exposure in summer season: a cross-sectional study in Gauhati medical college and hospital, Guwahati, Assam, India

International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences ◽

10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20172997 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (7) ◽

pp. 3111

Author(s):

Mousumi Chakrabarty ◽

Bonti Bora

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Cold Exposure ◽

Cold Water ◽

Winter Season ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Summer Season ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Borderline Hypertension ◽

Medical College

Background: The aim of the study was to correlate the change in blood pressure in winter season to that in summer season after exposure to localized cold stimuli.Methods: Basal blood pressure in healthy males of 20-40 years was recorded during winter season by conventional method using sphygmomanometer and stethoscope. During summer, the same subjects were taken and their baseline blood pressure was recorded. Thereafter their feet were immersed in cold water at 12 degree centigrade and blood pressure was recorded at 5 minutes and 10 minutes interval. The systolic and diastolic BP during winter, summer (baseline), and after 5 minutes and 10 minutes of cold exposure was compared. P value <0.001 as obtained by using student t test (student graph pad) was taken as significantResults: It was observed that systolic and diastolic BP showed a significant increase (p<0.001) in response to the cold stimuli. The increase was comparable to the rise in BP during winter.Conclusions: Present study has revealed a higher systolic and diastolic BP in winter and in summer after cold stimuli than baseline summer BP; So we conclude that subjects with borderline hypertension who are more likely to develop higher BP in winter season are also likely to develop high BP after cold stimuli in summer season.

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A study on personal hygiene and sanitary practices in a rural village of Mornag District of Nepal

Journal of Nobel Medical College ◽

10.3126/jonmc.v1i2.7298 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 39-44 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Rajiv Ranjan Karn ◽

Buna Bhandari ◽

Nilambar Jha

Keyword(s):

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Personal Hygiene ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Rural Village ◽

Medical College ◽

Interview Method ◽

Sanitary Condition ◽

Community People ◽

Development Committee ◽

Village Development Committee

Background: Inadequate sanitation has direct effect on health of individual, family, communities and nation as a whole. Objective: To assess the personal hygiene and sanitary condition of the Katahari Village Development Committee (VDC). Methods: The cross sectional study was done in Katahari VDC of Morang district. A total of 80 households were randomly selected from two wards of VDC. The data were collected by interview method using interview schedule. Data were entered in Excel sheet and analyzed on SPSS program. Results: Many respondents (61%) were unable to read and write, 33% involved in private job in various factory. Knowledge of sanitation was high (90%) but only 65% of them were using soap water for hand washing. Sixty percent had no toilet facilities. There was significant association between education and toilet facilities among community people. Land holding and type of family had no significant association with toilet facilities. Conclusion: The knowledge regarding sanitation was high among community people but very poor in practice.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jonmc.v1i2.7298 Journal of Nobel Medical College (2012), Vol.1 No.2 p.39-44

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Faktor- Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Pemanfaatan Pelayanan Antenatal di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Air Tawar Kota Padang

Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Batanghari Jambi ◽

10.33087/jiubj.v19i3.761 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 661

Author(s):

Desi Andriani ◽

Husna Yetti ◽

Roza Sriyanti

Keyword(s):

Antenatal Care ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Family Income ◽

Health Workers ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

P Value ◽

Independent Practice ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Antenatal Services

Antenatal care or antenatal care is a planned program that is observation, education and medical treatment for pregnant women, to obtain a safe and satisfying pregnancy and childbirth process. The indicator used to assess the access of pregnant women to antenatal care is K1 direction (first visit) is the contact of pregnant women to health workers and K4 (perspective visit) is 4 or more times contact with health workers. From the data of the Padang City Health Office, it was found that the Air Tawar Puskesmas with this low level was caused by various factors. The purpose of this study was to determine factors related to the use of antenatal services. This type of research is a quantitative study with cross sectional study design with 110 respondents of third trimester pregnant women with purposive sampling technique. Data analysis was performed univariate, bivariate with Chi squre test. From the research results obtained from the five factors studied, it was found that the factors related to the use of antenatal services in freshwater health centers were access or distance with pvalue 0.009 = OR 21.676), service availability factors with a p value of 0.001 = OR 9.293, the role factor midwives with a p value of 0.001 = OR 12.302, while the family income factor, disease complaints obtained results have nothing to do with the use of antenatal services. The author's suggestion is that there is a need for good coordination with the Independent Practice Midwife (BPM), revitalize puskesmas to more strategic places and improve better facilities, improve accessibility that can be minimized, strive to reach pregnant women, especially for accessibility that is less affordable.

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Waist Circumference, Blood Pressure and Lifestyle of Sudanese Population, Khartoum Locality, Sudan 2016

Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research ◽

10.9734/jammr/2019/v29i1130139 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Asma Abdelaal Abdalla ◽

Siham Ahmed Balla ◽

Amna Abdalla Babiker ◽

Safaa Abdelhameed Medani ◽

Rania Abdalla Osman Khalfa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Physical Exercise ◽

Age Distribution ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Men And Women ◽

Study Population ◽

The Mean

Aims: To measure the waist circumference of Sudanese adults in Khartoum Locality and its relationship to blood pressure and lifestyle during celebration of international day of hypertension in May 2016 . Study Design: It was a descriptive cross-sectional study. Place of the Celebration: Khartoum Locality at Alsahaa Alkhadraa (The Green Park). Methodology: A total of 364 adult participants, 196 men and 168 women were interviewed using structured questionnaire. Blood pressure (BP) was measured considering hypertension as ≥ 140 mmHg and ≥ 90 mmHg for systole and diastole BP respectively. Waist circumference was measured using an anthropometric measuring tape at cut-off point of 94 cm and 80 cm for men and women respectively. Data was managed by SPSS version 20 and Chi-square test at 95% CL was used to test the association between waist circumference, blood pressure and life style characteristics. Results: Age distribution of the study population showed 48.2% females and 45.4% males in the middle age group (38-57 years). Two thirds of the study population were hypertensive, 62.8% of males and 64.3% of females. The mean waist circumference of men was 97.82 cm + 16.7, mean Systolic BP was 127 + 22 and mean Diastolic BP was 85 + 15. The mean waist circumference of women was 99.31 + 16.2, mean Systolic was 128 + 24 and mean Diastolic BP was 84 +17. Abnormal waist circumference was found in 61.2% of males and 86.9% of females. Fifty nine (30.1%) of the males and 86 (51.2%) of the females with abnormal waist circumference were hypertensive. The association between abnormal waist circumference and high blood pressure was significant among both sexes, P value = 0.001. Physical exercise and fat and salt foods were not significantly associated waist circumference in both men and women. Conclusion: Two thirds of women and men in the celebrating areas were hypertensive. Half of women and one third of men were significantly hypertensive and having abnormal waist circumference. Doing physical exercise, avoiding fat and salt foods was insignificantly associated with normal waist circumference. Large survey with representative sample is needed to estimate the real Sudanese waist circumference.

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Determinan Kejadian Bayi Berat Badan Lahir Rendah (Bblr) di Gorontalo

Jurnal Kesmas Untika Luwuk : Public Health Journal ◽

10.51888/phj.v11i2.39 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 37-42

Author(s):

Firdausi Ramadhani ◽

Yanti Hz. Hano

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Family Income ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

P Value ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Purposive Sampling ◽

Low Birth Weight Babies

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui beberapa faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian bayi Bayi Berat Badan Lahir Rendah (BBLR) di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Limboto Kabupaten Gorontalo. Metode yang digunakan adalah Observasional Analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional study. Populasi adalah seluruh ibu yang melahirkan berjumlah 853 responden, dengan Sampel yaitu sebanyak 202 responden. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan tekhnik Purposive Sampling. Analisis data menggunakan uji Chi Square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan proporsi bayi Berat Badan Lahir Rendah (BBLR) 34 responden (16,8%) dan bayi Berat Badan Lahir Normal (BBLN) 168 responden (83,2%). Hasil bivariat didapatkan bahwa ada hubungan pengetahuan (p-value 0,044), pendapatan keluarga (p-value 0,029) dengan kejadian bayi Berat Badan Lahir Rendah (BBLR). Sedangkan, jumlah paritas (p value 0,523), jarak kehamilan (p-value 0,659), dan Kekurangan Energi Kronik (KEK) (p-value 0,637) tidak memiliki hubungan yang bermakna secara statisti dengan kejadian bayi Berat Badan Lahir Rendah (BBLR). This study aims to determine several factors associated with the incidence of low birth weight babies (LBW) in the Limboto Health Center, Gorontalo District. The method used is analytic observational with a cross sectional study approach. The population was all mothers who gave birth totaling 853 respondents, with a sample of 202 respondents. The sampling technique used purposive sampling technique. The results showed that the proportion of Low Birth Weight (LBW) babies was 34 respondents (16.8%) and Normal Birth Weight (BBLN) babies were 168 respondents (83.2%). The bivariate results showed that there was a relationship between knowledge (p value 0.044), family income (p value 0.029) with the incidence of low birth weight babies (LBW). Meanwhile, the parity (p value 0.523), pregnancy distance (p-value 0.659), and Chronic Energy Deficiency (P-value 0.637) did not have a statistically significant relationship with the incidence of Low Birth Weight (LBW).

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Frequency of Metabolic Abnormalities of Vesical Calculus in Children Younger than 10 Yrs of Age

10.53350/pjmhs211561243 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (6) ◽

pp. 1243-1245

Author(s):

H.U Rahman ◽

S. F. Shah ◽

A. J. Sheikh ◽

I. U. Memon ◽

W. S. Bhatti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cross Sectional Study ◽

P Value ◽

Metabolic Abnormalities ◽

Urine Ph ◽

College Hospital ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Vesical Calculus ◽

Medical College ◽

Presenting Symptoms ◽

Calcium Magnesium

Aim: To assess the metabolic abnormalities in children younger than 10 years of age with vesical calculus. Study design: Retrospective cross-sectional study Place and duration of study: Department of Urology, Khairpur Medical College Hospital, Khairpur from 1st October 2014 to 30th September 2016. Methodology: Two hundred and six children age <10 years of age and either gender presented with vesical calculus were enrolled. Demographic information like age, gender, residence, serum electrolytes, calcium, magnesium, phosphate, uric acid, blood, and urine pH were recorded for the purpose of metabolic workup. Results: The mean age was 4.76±1.22 years and 157 (76.2%) were males and 49 (23.8%) were females. The frequency of metabolic abnormalities was observed in 153 (74.3%) of the patients. A significantly higher prevalence of metabolic abnormalities was observed with male gender (p-value 0.006), dark colored urine as presenting symptoms (p-value 0.022), frequent urination (p-value 0.045), and hematuria (p-value 0.016). Of 153 patients with metabolic abnormalities, hypercalciuria was observed in 45 (29.4%), hypocitraturia in 73 (47.7%), hyperoxaluria in 21 (13.7%), and hyperuricosuria in 14 (9.2%) patients. Conclusion: The frequency of metabolic abnormalities was high among children with vesical calculus. Moreover, hypocitraturia in these children was observed in majority followed by hypercalciuria, hyperoxaluria, and hyperuricosuria. Keywords: Metabolic abnormalities, Children, Vesical calculus

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ROLE OF ABSOLUTE EOSINOPHIL COUNT AS A MODALITY OF INVESTIGATION IN SUSPECTED CASES OF HELMINTHIC INFESTATION IN CHILDREN AGED BETWEEN 5 TO 15 YEARS WITH COMPARISON TO STOOL ROUTINE AND MICROSCOPY

10.36106/gjra/6111669 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 112-113

Author(s):

Meghashree N ◽

Rohini D ◽

Mahendar Reddy M ◽

A.M Koppad

Keyword(s):

Eosinophil Count ◽

Stool Specimen ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Research Centre ◽

P Value ◽

College Hospital ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Mean Values ◽

Medical College ◽

Absolute Eosinophil Count

Introduction: Eosinophilia is a well-known host immune response in helminthic infestation. This study was carried out to investigate whether a correlation exists between absolute eosinophil count in children with stool specimen positive for helminthic infestation. Aim And Objective: To determine average raised absolute eosinophil count in children who were having various helminthic infestation with stool specimen positive. Materials And Methods: A hospital based cross sectional study done at Navodaya medical college hospital and research centre during 2019 October to 2020 September for a period of 12 months. Both blood and stool samples were obtained from a total of 69 suspected children after examined, categorised into 2 groups. Among them 24 cases were positive of helminthic infestation and 45 cases were negative. T-test and descriptive statistics were used to analyse the data. Results: The study revealed that children infested with helminths found to have higher absolute eosinophil count (mean 4644/µl (95%CI; 3474-4212) than not infested (mean 801/µl (95%CI; 616-945) with p value <0.001. In this helminth's family; nematodes, trematodes, cestodes showed mean values of absolute eosinophil count were 5206/µl (4806-7151/µl), 4930/µl (4500-5382/µl) and 2179/µl (2500-1669/µl) respectively. Conclusions: Raised absolute eosinophil count has been observed in stool specimen positive cases of helminths, especially more in nematodes. Therefore, should be considered for a single dose of albendazole.

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Factors associated with the consumption of fruits and vegetables in schoolchildren aged 7 to 14 years of Florianópolis, South of Brazil

Revista de Nutrição ◽

10.1590/1415-52732014000400003 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 27 (4) ◽

pp. 413-422 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Carla Regina Galego ◽

Gisele Liliam D'avila ◽

Francisco de Assis Guedes de Vasconcelos

Keyword(s):

Fruits And Vegetables ◽

Family Income ◽

Vegetable Intake ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Biological Data ◽

Fruit And Vegetable Intake ◽

P Value ◽

Fruit And Vegetable ◽

Santa Catarina ◽

Cross Sectional

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of the fruit and vegetable intake of schoolchildren aged 7 to 14 years from Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil, and analyze the associated factors. Methods: This cross-sectional study analyzed food intake, socioeconomic, and biological data of 2,836 schoolchildren. The Chi-square test analyzed the dependent (fruit and vegetable intake) and independent variables; the latter with p-value <0.20 were selected for logistic regression analysis. The level of significance was p<0.05. Results: Only 4.8% of the sample had adequate fruit and vegetable intake. The variables associated with adequate fruit and vegetable intake were school ownership status (private versus public), mother's education level, and family income per member. After adjustment only family income per capita remained associated with fruit and vegetable intake. Conclusion: The fruit and vegetable intake of schoolchildren aged 7 to 14 years from Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil, is inadequate.

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Peak expiratory flow rate among smokers and non-smokers working in Kathmandu Medical College

Journal of Chitwan Medical College ◽

10.3126/jcmc.v10i2.29667 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 33-35

Author(s):

Preetu Gurung

Keyword(s):

Cigarette Smoking ◽

Peak Expiratory Flow ◽

Flow Rate ◽

Peak Expiratory Flow Rate ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Medical College ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Expiratory Flow

Background: Cigarette smoking has remained a popular habit since ages. Most people are well aware of the deleterious effects of cigarette smoking yet continue to give a blind eye which deteriorates overall public health. The purpose of the present study was to assess Peak Expiratory Flow Rate among smoking and nonsmoking staffs who work in Kathmandu Medical College. Methods: In this comparative cross-sectional study Peak Expiratory Flow Rate was obtained using Mini Wright’s Peak Flow Meter of 108 smokers and 108 nonsmokers in the age group ranging from 25-45 years. Those who never smoked or who have quit smoking for the past 2 years were grouped as nonsmokers and the smokers with history of smoking at least five or more cigarettes per day for at least two years were included in the study for measuring their Peak Expiratory Flow Rate. Data was collected, compiled and analyzed by using Statistical Package of Social Science (SPSS) software version16. Student ‘t’ test was used for group comparison. Results: The Peak Expiratory Flow Rate value was significantly reduced in the smokers (p value< 0.05). Mean Peak Expiratory Flow Rate was reduced with increasing age of the smokers. However, no significant difference was observed in Peak Expiratory Flow Rate with increase in the number of cigarettes smoked (p value> 0.05). Conclusions: In the study Peak Expiratory Flow Rate among smokers (367.13 ± 74.182) was lower than nonsmokers (471.39±60.842), which was statistically significant proving that cigarette smoking reduced peak expiratory flow rate.

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Study of Patients with First unprovoked Seizure in the Eastern Part of Nepal

Journal of Nobel Medical College ◽

10.3126/jonmc.v8i1.24471 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 22-26

Author(s):

Dilli Ram Kafle ◽

Surendra Sah ◽

Miluna Bhusal

Keyword(s):

Recurrence Risk ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

P Value ◽

Seizure Recurrence ◽

Unprovoked Seizure ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Medical College ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Neuro Imaging

Background: About 5-10% of the population get at least one seizure in their lifetime. Treatment is started in patients with first unprovoked seizure if the risk of seizure recurrence is predicted to be high. If patients with first seizure are not treated 40-50% of patients develop recurrence within 2 years of the initial seizure. Starting treatment may cause reduction in the risk of recurrence by almost one half. The aim of the study was to identify the factors causing recurrence in patients with first unprovoked seizure. Materials and Methods: It is a prospective cross-sectional study conducted at Nobel Medical College from March 2015 to March 2019. Patients who presented to Nobel Medical College with first unprovoked seizure were enrolled in the study with follow up during the hospital visit. Results: Eighty six patients participated in our study. Recurrence of seizure occurred in 21(24.4%) patients within the study period of 4 years. Abnormal Electroencephalography was significantly associated with recurrence of seizure in patients with first seizure. (P value<0.001) Neuro imaging abnormality was also associated with increased risk of seizure recurrence (Pvalue<0.001) .Starting an antiepileptic after first seizure reduced the risk of further seizure. Conclusion: Recurrence of seizure was observed in almost a quarter of patients within the study period of four years. Recurrence risk was higher in those patients with abnormal Electro encephalography and in those patients with identified cause than those patients whose seizure was assumed to be idiopathic.

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