scholarly journals HIV/AIDS AWARENESS IN PAKISTAN

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (05) ◽  
pp. 603-609
Author(s):  
Jamal Abdul Nasir ◽  
Muhammad Imran ◽  
Syed Arif Ahmed Zaidi
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Aids Awareness ◽  
Married Men ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors ◽  
Hiv Aids

Globally 35 million people were living with HIV in 2013 whereas around 78 millionpeople have been infected since the start of the epidemic and 39 million people have died ofAIDS- related illness. Objectives: To examine the factors associated with HIV/AIDS awareness ofever married men and women age 15-49. Design: The secondary data sets are used of Pakistandemographic and health survey (PDHS) of ever married men and women with sample size 3134and 13558. Period: PDHS 2012-13. Setting: The national institute of population studies done thissurvey with the technical support from ICF International and Pakistan bureau of statistics and theUSAID supported the financially. Methods: Bivariate and binary logistic regression analysis hasbeen carried out to evaluate the significant socio demographic factors. Results: Every 7 out of10 ever married men have heard about AIDS, while the situation is much critical for ever marriedwomen, 6 out of 10 have not heard about HIV/AIDS. Generally finding revealed that almost bothof the respondents have misconception regarding HIV/AIDS transmission. Two binary logisticregression models are executed one for ever married man and other for ever married women.Two models revealed that early age groups have less knowledge about HIV/AIDS; urban hasmore knowledge compared to rural. Education level, media assess and wealth index have positiveassociation regarding to HIV/AIDS awareness. Conclusions: Socio-demographic aspects suchas age, education, place of residence and access to media TV, radio and newspaper, wealth indexand occupation are found to be significant varied systematically with the awareness of HIV/AIDS.These statistical outcomes will enhance the capability in disease management and control.

scholarly journals Wild Vigna Legumes: Farmers’ Perceptions, Preferences, and Prospective Uses for Human Exploitation

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Difo Voukang Harouna ◽  
Pavithravani B. Venkataramana ◽  
Athanasia O. Matemu ◽  
Patrick Alois Ndakidemi
Keyword(s):  
Animal Feed ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Wild Accession ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Ratio Test ◽  
Ecological Zone ◽  
Wild Legumes ◽  
Arusha Region

The insufficient food supply due to low agricultural productivity and quality standards is one of the major modern challenges of global agricultural food production. Advances in conventional breeding and crop domestication have begun to mitigate this issue by increasing varieties and generation of stress-resistant traits. Yet, very few species of legumes have been domesticated and perceived as usable food/feed material, while various wild species remain unknown and underexploited despite the critical global food demand. Besides the existence of a few domesticated species, there is a bottleneck challenge of product acceptability by both farmers and consumers. Therefore, this paper explores farmers’ perceptions, preferences, and the possible utilization of some wild Vigna species of legumes toward their domestication and exploitation. Quantitative and qualitative surveys were conducted in a mid-altitude agro-ecological zone (Arusha region) and a high altitude agro-ecological zone (Kilimanjaro region) in Tanzania to obtain the opinions of 150 farmers regarding wild legumes and their uses. The study showed that very few farmers in the Arusha (28%) and Kilimanjaro (26%) regions were aware of wild legumes and their uses. The study further revealed through binary logistic regression analysis that the prior knowledge of wild legumes depended mainly on farmers’ location and not on their gender, age groups, education level, or farming experience. From the experimental plot with 160 accessions of wild Vigna legumes planted and grown up to near complete maturity, 74 accessions of wild Vigna legumes attracted the interest of farmers who proposed various uses for each wild accession. A Χ2 test (likelihood ratio test) revealed that the selection of preferred accessions depended on the farmers’ gender, location, and farming experience. Based on their morphological characteristics (leaves, pods, seeds, and general appearance), farmers perceived wild Vigna legumes as potentially useful resources that need the attention of researchers. Specifically, wild Vigna legumes were perceived as human food, animal feed, medicinal plants, soil enrichment material, and soil erosion-preventing materials. Therefore, it is necessary for the scientific community to consider these lines of farmers’ suggestions before carrying out further research on agronomic and nutritional characteristics toward the domestication of these alien species for human exploitation and decision settings.

scholarly journals Factors Influencing the Prevalence of Stunting Among Children Aged Below Five Years in Bangladesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haribondhu Sarma ◽  
Jahidur Rahman Khan ◽  
Mohammad Asaduzzaman ◽  
Fakhar Uddin ◽  
Sayeeda Tarannum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Rural Setting ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Public Health Programs ◽  
Food Insecure Households ◽  
Adjusted Model ◽  
Socioeconomic And Demographic Factors

Background: Poor nutrition during childhood impedes physical and mental development of children, which propagate the vicious cycle of intergenerational under nutrition. This paper is aimed at understanding the determinants of stunting among children aged 0 to 59 months in Bangladesh. Methods: The study used Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2011 data and a multistage stratified cluster-sampling design. Anthropometric data (for height and weight) were collected and analysis was limited to 7647 children. Multiple binary logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the association of stunting with potential socioeconomic and demographic factors. Results: The prevalence of stunting has been found to be about 41% among children aged less than 60 months and higher in rural setting than in urban areas (43% vs 36%). Adjusted model revealed that several factors were influencing stunting. The children living in moderately food-insecure households had higher odds of becoming stunted (odds ratio [OR] = 1.27, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.05-1.54, P = .01) compared to the children living in food-secure households. The derived ORs of stunting for children delivered at institutions facilitated particularly by public (OR = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.67-0.96; P = .02) or private (OR = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.67-0.97; P = .02) sectors were less than for children delivered at home. Similarly, wealth index, exposure of mother to the mass media, age of child, size of child at birth, and parents’ education were significantly associated with stunting. Conclusions: Moreover, the demographic characteristics and other indicators appeared to have significant influence in the prevalence of stunting. Public health programs are needed to avert the risk factors of stunting among children in Bangladesh.

scholarly journals KNOWLEDGE AND CONCEPTION OF TUBERCULOSIS;

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (06) ◽  
pp. 1213-1221
Author(s):  
Safdar Abbas ◽  
Jacob Malik ◽  
Noman Issac ◽  
Rabia Safdar ◽  
Bushra Yasmeen
Keyword(s):  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
Private Sector Organizations ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors ◽  
Public And Private Sector ◽  
The Impact

With the very high incident of tuberculosis, Pakistan ranks fifth globally among the 22 high tuberculosis risk countries. Amongst other factors, socio-demographic factors play a significant role in determining “knowledge of tuberculosis” Objectives: This study used secondary data from the Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey to estimate the impact of socio-demographic factors determining the knowledge of tuberculosis and conception on how it is spread. Data Source: The relevant variables and the other parameters were extracted from the both pdf and SPSS files of PDHS. Study Design: Bi-variant cross tabulation was used to determine the level of association between the hypothesized variables using the Pearson chi-square statistic. Results: Age and wealth index showed a highly significant relationship (p<0.0001) in determining the knowledge of tuberculosis. Moreover, the increasing level of education showed a decreasing trend of misconception about the spread of TB. Conclusions: Though the results of the study indicated a highly significant relationship between the socio-demographic factors and knowledge of tuberculosis, there is a dire need to launch awareness campaigns by the public and private sector organizations to enhance the level of correct knowledge and conception of large masses.

scholarly journals The smoking behavior of women of reproductive age in Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (01) ◽  
pp. 8-18
Author(s):  
Ramesh Adhikari ◽  
Aakriti Wagle ◽  
Min Raj Adhikari
Keyword(s):  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Logistic Analysis

Smoking, the leading cause of preventable deaths worldwide, which is more detrimental to women not only increases the chances of infertility and miscarriage, but hastens the onset of menopause and causes women to be more susceptible to depression, decreased bone density, cataracts, and skin diseases. This paper investigates the smoking behavior and factors influencing smoking among women of reproductive age in Nepal. The study used secondary data from the 2016 Nepal Demographic and Health Survey. A total of 12,862 women of the reproductive age group were covered in the survey. The association between smoking and the explanatory variables was first assessed in bivariate analysis using the Chi-square test. The associations were further explored using multivariate logistic analysis. Nearly two-fifths (38%) of women were aged 15-24 years. Overall, 8% of women used tobacco products (smoking/chewing). Multivariate analysis showed that women aged 35 and above were almost seven times (aOR=6.52, CI=4.75-8.94) to be smokers than younger women. Separated/divorced/widowed women were nearly twice (aOR=1.86, CI=1.14-3.01) as likely to be smokers than their counterparts. Education is a significant predictor of smoking as women having primary (aOR=0.65, CI=0.54-0.78) and secondary/higher education (aOR=0.21, CI=0.16-0.26) were less likely to smoke than women with no education. Dalit women were nearly two times more likely to be smokers than higher caste Brahmin/Chhetri. Similarly, the richest and richer women were less likely to smoke than the poorest women. Age, education, marital status, caste/ethnicity, and wealth index were significant determinants of smoking among women. Hence, tobacco control interventions need to be focused on women of higher age groups and uneducated and poorer women. 

scholarly journals Prognostic factors for the 6-year cognitive impairment in China: results from the CLHLS cohort

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingyue Hu ◽  
Xinyin Wu ◽  
Xinhui Shu ◽  
Hengyu Hu ◽  
Hui Feng
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Prognostic Factors ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Testing ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Healthy Longevity ◽  
Nationally Representative

Abstract There is merely study from China using nationally representative longitudinal dataset to assess the prognostic factors for the progression of normal cognition to cognitive impairment (CI).Aim This study will identify the best subset of 6-year CI predictors.Design and setting 11,781 participants 60 years old or older from Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS, 2008-09 wave) were included at baseline for six-year follow-up. Of these individuals, 4,727 participants were eligible for final analysis. Univariate and binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify the significantly related predictors for incident CI. Subsequently, nomogram models were established to rank and find prognostic factors.Results A overall prevalence of 6-year CI was 17.4%, and 60-70, 70-80, 81-90, 91- age groups were 5.4%, 9.5%, 26.1% and 50.3%, respectively. In general, the activities of daily living and baseline cognition were valuable prognostic factors to predict CI, with the exception of unmodifiable factors. Age subgroup analysis showed that, among 60-70 old age group, cardiovascular diseases were valuable prognostic factors; among over 70-year old age groups, baseline cognitive function could be a valuable addition to CI prediction models.Conclusions Brief baseline cognitive testing and functional status were important valuable prognostic factors for CI.

scholarly journals ANALISIS FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI STATUS PENERIMAAN BERAS KELUARGA MISKIN MENGGUNAKAN REGRESI LOGISTIK BINER DI KECAMATAN LANGSA BARAT

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-192
Author(s):  
Amelia Amelia ◽  
Fitra Mulyani ◽  
Ulya Nabilla
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Model ◽  
The Status ◽  
Rice Consumption ◽  
The Government

Poverty is an inability to meet basic needs measured by expenditure, including rice consumption. Based on data from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS), as much as 95% of Indonesia's population consumes rice as the main food, with an average rice consumption of 102 kg/person/ year (BPS, 2013). Furthermore, BPS stated that almost 1/4 of them or around 25.95 million people were included in the category of the poor population as of March 2018. So the government made a policy to tackle the problem through the program of giving poor family rice (Raskin), namely subsidized rice assistance to households poor. However, in the implementation of the Raskin program, there was a deviation of around 40% of Indonesia's population with a middle-upper social-economic status receiving Raskin and 12.5% ​​of the population with a socio-economic status upon receiving Raskin. Therefore this study aims to analyze the significant factors that affect the status of rice in poor families using binary logistic regression analysis. The location of the study was conducted in the District of West Langsa because the district was one of the districts receiving the most Raskin in the City of Langsa. The data used in this study are primary data and secondary data. The results of the analysis show that the factors that influence Raskin's acceptance status are the level of education, type of floor, type of fuel, expenditure for food, and frequency of purchasing new clothes. The binary logistic regression model obtained is

scholarly journals Age and Sex-Related Associations Between Marital Status, Physical Activity and TV Time

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Gustavo Cavazzotto ◽  
Natã Gomes de Lima Stavinski ◽  
Marcos Roberto Queiroga ◽  
Michael Pereira da Silva ◽  
Edilson Serpeloni Cyrino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marital Status ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Single Women ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Married Men ◽  
Married Individuals ◽  
Obesity Hypertension ◽  
Age And Sex

Abstract: The aim of the present study was to identify the age and sex-related associations between marital status with PA and TV time. We used data from Vigitel, an annual telephone survey started in 2006 in Brazil. We applied a complex sample logistic regression model to estimate the odds for PA and TV time comparing marital statuses according to age and sex subgroups, independent of obesity, hypertension, diabetes, self-assessed poor health, and smoking. Our sample included 561,837 individuals with a TV time &amp;gt; 3 h/day (prevalence = 25.2%) and PA &amp;gt; 150 min/week (prevalence = 35%). Compared to single individuals, married men and women were less likely to watch TV more than 3 h/day in participants &amp;gt; 30 years old. When compared to single, married participants were less likely to do more than 150 min of PA/week at younger age groups. Married women older than 40 years were more likely to do more than 150 min of PA/week than the single ones, while there were no differences among married men by age group. In conclusion, married individuals are less likely to spend more than 3 hours a day watching TV than single individuals. Single men and women were more likely to do more than 150 min of PA/week at younger age groups and married women older than 40 years were more likely to do 150 min of PA/week than single women.

scholarly journals Hyperferritinemia as independent risk factor and biomarker in COVID-19 to predict severity and mortality.

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (08) ◽  
pp. 1183-1189
Author(s):  
Shah Taj Khan ◽  
◽  
Saiqa Zahoor ◽  
Hamzullah Khan ◽  
Khalid Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Serum Ferritin ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
P Value ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Gender Groups

Objectives: To determine the role of deranged serum ferritin levels as independent pathogenic risk factor to predict the progression towards a worse clinical outcome in COVID-19. Study Design: Descriptive Cross Section Study. Setting: Hayatabad Medical Complex Peshawar. Period: 1 March to 10 July 2020. Material & Methods: A total of 267 patients were enrolled from COVID-19 isolation units, Hayatabad Medical Complex Peshawar Descriptive statistics were used for numerical variables. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to predict the worst outcome in patients with deranged levels of ferritin. Correlation statistic were used to quantify the correlation of ferritin with mortality and severity of the disease. Kaplan Meir test was used for survival analysis to compare the mortality rate in gender groups in COVID-19 patients with deranged ferritin levels. Results: The mean age of the patients was 53+14years. The median value of the Serum ferritin levels of Covid-19 patients was 978 ug/L the ferritin distribution in gender groups was not normally distributed (Shapiro Wilk test, p-value 0.001). 215/267(80.5%) cases reported >400 ug/Lof serum ferritin. There was a statistically significant uphill positive correlation of serum ferritin levels with an increase in age (rs-0.213, p-0.001) and with disease outcome in terms of mortality (rs-0.29, p-0.05). The probability case fatality in patients with deranged serum ferritin levels was 1.8 times more as compared to patients without hyperferritinemia (p-0.05, OR 1.8). The surviving capability in female gender with deranged ferritin levels in extreme of age was 65% as compared to 20% in male gender. Conclusion: More than 80% of the COVID-19 patients had abnormally higher readings of serum ferritin. The deranged ferritin levels had a statistically significant correlation with an increase in age of patient and with worst outcome in terms of death. Female gender more protective with higher chances of survival with deranged serum ferritin levels in all age groups compared to male gender.

scholarly journals Spatial distribution and associated factors of underweight in Ethiopia: An analysis of Ethiopian demographic and health survey, 2016

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0242744
Author(s):  
Biruk Shalmeno Tusa ◽  
Adisu Birhanu Weldesenbet ◽  
Sewnet Adem Kebede
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
P Value ◽  
Data Set

Background Underweight is one form of indicators of under-nutrition, which results from the poor nutrient intake and underlying health problems. Its impact is beyond an individual and extends to a country level. It has been known from the literature that underweight has a negative effect on income and development of a country. In the context of Ethiopia, factors predicting underweight remain unknown and there is a paucity of evidence on geographical distribution of underweight among individuals aged 15–49 years. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the geographic distribution of underweight and its associated factors among individuals aged 15–49 years in Ethiopia. Methods Secondary data analysis was done on a data set consisting of 28,450 individuals and obtained from the Ethiopian Demography and Health Survey (EDHS) 2016. The spatial distribution of underweight across the country was identified by ArcGIS software. Hotspots analysis was done using Getis-Ord Gi* statistic within ArcGIS. In SaTScan software, the Bernoulli model was fitted by Kulldorff’s methods to identify the purely spatial clusters of underweight. A binary logistic regression was applied to determine factors associated with being underweight. Result In Ethiopia, the spatial distribution of underweight was clustered with Global Moran’s I  =  0.79 at p-value < 0.0001. The highest underweight clusters were observed in Tigray, Gambella, eastern part of Amhara, and western and central part of Afar regions. Male individuals [AOR = 1.21; 95% CI: (1.15 1.28)], never married [AOR = 1.14; 95% CI: (1.05, 1.24)], rural residents [AOR = 1.32; 95% CI: (1.18, 1.47)], rich [AOR = 0.85; 95% CI: (0.76, 0.94)], cigarette smoking [AOR = 1.25; 95% CI: (1.07, 1.46)], drinking treated water [AOR = 0.91; 95% CI: (0.83, 0.99)] and open filed defecation [AOR = 1.17; 95% CI: (1.08, 1.26)] were found to have a significant association with being underweight. Conclusions There was a significant clustering of underweight among individuals aged 15–49 years. Gender, age, marital status, place of residence, wealth index, cigarette smoking, using untreated water and types of toilet were the significant factors of being underweight. Therefore, effective public health interventions like building safe and supportive environments for nutrition, providing socio-economic protection and nutrition-related education for poor and rural resident would be better to mitigate these situations and associated risk factors in hot spot areas. In addition, policymakers should strengthen and promote nutrition sensitive policies and activities in order to alleviate the underlying and basic causes of underweight.

Timing of the first antenatal care visit and associated risk factors in rural parts of Ethiopia

2022 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Keyword(s):  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
Care Service ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Media Access ◽  
Antenatal Care Visit ◽  
Care Visit ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Early antenatal care visit promotes early detection and treatment of complications during pregnancy. The aim of this study was to assess the timing of the first antenatal care visit and associated factors in rural parts of Ethiopia. Only 3065 women from 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey in rural area were included in this study. The descriptive and binary logistic regression analysis used to identify the determinants associated with the timing of the first antenatal care visit. This study revealed that 31% of women visited the first antenatal care within the first three months. Our study revealed that women education, maternal age, region, media access, women occupation, distance from health facility, wealth index, pregnancy complication and plan for pregnancy had significant effects on timing of the first antenatal care visit early. To initiate pregnant mothers to attend the first ANC visit timely, community-based services like media coverage, education, transportation and giving awareness about the necessity of having antenatal care service early is mandatory.

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