LIGATURE MARK ON THE NECK

Introduction: There are three types of compression of neck which are of primeforensic importance – (1) Manual strangulation (2) Hanging (3) Ligature strangulation. Ligaturemark is found in the latter two types.1 Ligature mark is a pressure mark on the neck underneaththe ligature. Initially it appears as a pale groove which on drying becomes yellowish brownparchment like.2,5 Objective: The aim is to study the information provided by a ligature markin ligature asphyxial deaths. Methodology: Study Design: A retrospective study on ligatureasphyxial deaths. Setting: Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Departments of King EdwardMedical University, Lahore and Nishtar Medical College, Multan. Period: January, 2012 toDecember, 2013. Results: The incidence of violent ligature asphyxial deaths was 4.21% of thetotal medicolegal deaths autopsied. Age group 21 to 30 years accounted for the maximumcases (37.6%). Male: female ratio was 1.02. Nylon rope (44.7%) was the most common ligaturematerial used. Ligature mark was single in all cases and was situated above thyroid cartilage in82.92% cases of hanging. In ligature strangulation deaths, mark was one in number in 93.18%cases and was below thyroid cartilage in 97.72% cases. The manner of death in hangingwas mostly suicidal (90.24%) as compared to homicidal in all cases of ligature strangulation.Ligature mark was incompletely encircling the neck in 85.36% cases and obliquely present in100% cases of hanging. In all deaths due to ligature strangulation, it was completely encirclingand transversely present around the neck. Underlying soft tissues of neck were glisteningwhite in all hanging deaths while it showed extravasations of blood in all ligature strangulationcases. Conclusions: A meticulous examination of the ligature mark during autopsy, though notconclusive, can give valuable information that can be very helpful in diagnosing deaths due tohanging and ligature strangulation.

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PATTERN OF MEDICOLEGAL AUTOPSIES CONDUCTED AT TIRUPATI, ANDHRA PRADESH: A 3-YEAR RETROSPECTIVE STUDY

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2021.v14i12.43304 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 123-125

Author(s):

K. JYOTI PRASAD ◽

B. VENKATESULU ◽

M. ABDUL KHALID

Keyword(s):

Retrospective Study ◽

Cause Of Death ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Traffic Accidents ◽

Road Traffic ◽

Age Group ◽

Manner Of Death ◽

Female Ratio ◽

Common Cause ◽

Medical College

Objectives: Death of an individual is a grave loss to the family and community at large. Death may be natural or unnatural. Analysis of unnatural deaths helps in understanding the causes, manner, and modes of deaths, thereby formulate and implement a proper policy to reduce incidence. Methods: This is a retrospective study of autopsies conducted over 3 years (2018–2020) in the mortuary of Sri Venkateshwara Medical College, Tirupati. During this period, 2579 autopsies were performed. Required data were collected from the requisitions of police, inquest reports, case sheets, medicolegal register, and postmortem reports in a preformed pro forma. Results: Out of the 2579 cases, majority were in the age group of 21–30 years (34.62%) followed by 41–50 years (18.06%). Male-to-female ratio was 2.5:1. Majority were Hindus (83.52%) and most of the subjects belonged to the rural areas (62.89%). Majority were married (78.40%). The most common cause of death was road traffic accident (48.04%) followed by poisoning (15.82%). Accidental deaths were the most common manner of death (60.56%) followed by suicides (33.96%). Conclusion: The present study reveals that the most cases were in 21–30 years age group. Males outnumbered females and the subjects were mostly married and were from rural areas. Road traffic accidents were common cause of death in males and poisoning was the common cause of death in females.

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Socio-demographic Characteristics of Patients with Tuberculosis Spine in Bangladesh

Bangladesh Journal of Infectious Diseases ◽

10.3329/bjid.v3i1.32583 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 3-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Md Shafiul Alam ◽

Md Abdus Salam ◽

Tayseer Farzana ◽

ASM Raushan Newaz ◽

Md Saiful Islam

Keyword(s):

Spinal Tuberculosis ◽

Demographic Characteristics ◽

Age Group ◽

College Hospital ◽

Female Ratio ◽

High Class ◽

Medical College ◽

Class Society ◽

Male Female Ratio ◽

The Mean

Background: Spinal tuberculosis is more frequently reported in developing countries.Objective: The purpose of the present study was to see the socio-demographic characteristics of spinal tuberculosis patients.Methodology: This study was carried out in the Department of Neurosurgery, Dhaka Medical College Hospital during the period of January 2002 to December 2004 to elucidate the effectiveness of surgical and conservative treatment of the tuberculosis of the spine. For this purpose, a total number of 50 consecutive cases admitted during the study period with tuberculosis of the spine supported by investigations were included in this study.Result: The mean age of the patients was 25.4 years and ranged from 7 years to 68 years. The highest incidence of tuberculosis of the spine was found in age group between 11 to 20 years and 70% of the patients were under 30 years of age. Incidence of tuberculosis of this spine was more in male (62%) in comparison to female (3 8%) with a male female ratio of 1.63:1. In this study most of the patients came from low class society (66%) followed by middle class (28%) and high class (6%) respectively.Conclusion: Spinal TB more frequently occurs among the young age group with a male predominance.Bangladesh Journal of Infectious Diseases 2016;3(1):3-5

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TO STUDY EFFICACY OF AMISULPRIDE IN TREATMENT OF SCHIZOPHRENIA.

International Journal of Medical and Biomedical Studies ◽

10.32553/ijmbs.v3i12.834 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (12) ◽

Author(s):

Om Prakash Raichandani ◽

Abhijeet Kadam ◽

Sapna Raichandani

Keyword(s):

Urban Population ◽

Extrapyramidal Symptoms ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Age Group ◽

Female Ratio ◽

Moderate Severity ◽

Medical College ◽

Male Female Ratio ◽

The Mean ◽

Reproductive Age Group

The study was performed at the Department of Pharmacology in collaboration with Department of Psychiatry, NSCB Medical College, Jabalpur. The maximum numbers of patients in were in reproductive age group that is in between 20 to 49 years. The mean age in Amisulpride group was 33.26(±10.23) years while in Olanzapine group it was 31.25 (±12.22) years. Schizophrenia was more common (80%) in younger (20-49years) age group. In our study the male /female ratio was 1.7. Our study supports the notion that Schizophrenia is more common in Married and Urban population. Only one patient from Olanzapine Group suffered Extrapyramidal symptoms of moderate severity requiring withdrawal from study.2 patients from Olanzapine group and 1 patient from Amisulpride group had Tremors and Akathesia of mild severity. There was no emergence of Extrapyramidal symptoms in rest of the patients (p>.05) Keywords: Efficacy, Amisulpride, Olanzapine & Schizophrenia.

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Study of autopsy based suicidal hanging

Bangladesh Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology ◽

10.3329/bjpp.v30i2.22677 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 30 (2) ◽

pp. 14-17

Author(s):

Nirupama Talukder ◽

Kh A Karim ◽

Tarana Chowdhury ◽

Ashan Habib ◽

Azreen Momen Chowdhury ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Study Design ◽

Forensic Medicine ◽

Descriptive Study ◽

The Body ◽

Social Health ◽

Age Group ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Medical College ◽

The People ◽

Study Setting

Introduction: Hanging is one of the most commonly used methods for suicide in most countries. Commission of suicide by hanging is increasing in the people of Bangladesh. Suicidal hanging is detrimental to social health. Appropriate measures to prevent it are essential. Objectives: To find out the demography, cause and nature of suicidal hanging. Study design: It is a cross sectional type of descriptive study. Setting: Data was collected on predesigned proformas from postmortem reports recorded by the students of DFM and MD in Forensic Medicine at Dhaka medical college during their course. Subject: Autopsy performed on the cases of suicidal hanging at Dhaka Medical College Morgue from September, 2011 to June, 2013. Result: Out of 100 cases, eighty two (82%) were female and the most commonest (50%) age group were from 11-20 years. In 18(18%) cases Dopatta were the commonest material used for hanging. Quarrel with husband 12(12%) were the predominant cause to destroy life. In ninety (90%) cases had complete suspension where the most commonest situation of gap was on the back (38.89%). During autopsy of suicidal hanging there were injuries on the body of deceased in few cases. But these injuries did not result in death of the victim. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpp.v30i2.22677 Bangladesh J Physiol Pharmacol 2014; 30(2): 14-17

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Outcomes of Root Canal Treatment: 2 Years Experience in Community Based Medical College, Bangladesh Hospital

Community Based Medical Journal ◽

10.3329/cbmj.v2i1.14178 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 29-33

Author(s):

Mahbuba Hossen ◽

Mazharul Alam Siddique ◽

Nahid Binte Ansary

Keyword(s):

Medical Journal ◽

Retrospective Study ◽

Success Rate ◽

Root Canal ◽

Root Canal Treatment ◽

Community Based ◽

Female Ratio ◽

Common Indication ◽

Medical College ◽

Male Female Ratio

This retrospective study was done in the Department of Dentistry, CBMCB hospital from January2009 to December2010. 223 patients who underwent RCT were purposively selected. Male-female ratio was 1:1.4, mean age of patients were 28.4 years. Most common indication of RCT was gross caries 69.95%, common complications were fractured crown 11(57.89%), tenderness 5(26.32%), discharging sinus 2(10.53%). Over all success rate of RCT was 91.48%. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cbmj.v2i1.14178 Community Based Medical Journal Vol.2(1) 2013 29-33

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HISTOPATHOLOGICAL SPECTRUM OF GALLBLADDER DISEASES IN A TERTIARY CARE CENTER – A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY

10.36106/ijsr/4321545 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 34-36

Author(s):

Kanimozhi. S ◽

Veera Raghavan. G ◽

Sofiya. C ◽

Pushpa. B

Keyword(s):

Retrospective Study ◽

Care Center ◽

Gallbladder Disease ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Lifestyle Changes ◽

Parasitic Infections ◽

Female Ratio ◽

Gallbladder Diseases ◽

Medical College ◽

Male Female Ratio

BACKGROUND: Gallbladder disease is known to affect a substantial number of people throughout the world. In India, the disease prevalence is on the rise, largely attributable to dietary & lifestyle changes, thus causing a signicant disease burden. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the varied histological manifestations of gallbladder pathology and their association with cholelithiasis. MATERIALS & METHODS: This retrospective study was conducted in the department of pathology, Kilpauk medical college from January 2018 to December 2018. The clinical data and the histopathological changes were evaluated. RESULTS: Of the 156 cases which were studied, 120 cases (77%) had gallstones. The mean age was 47 years. Females had a slight preponderance for gallbladder diseases with the Male: Female ratio being 1:2. 138 cases (89.8%) were diagnosed as chronic cholecystitis. 3 cases were diagnosed to have invasive malignancies. CONCLUSION: A diverse spectrum of diseases affect the gallbladder encompassing inammatory conditions, parasitic infections, pseudoneoplastic lesions and neoplasms. Routine cholecystectomy specimens should be evaluated meticulously as incidental ndings and diagnosis can be transformative.

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THE SPECTRUM OF MALIGNANT SOLID PEDIATRIC TUMORS IN THE AGE GROUP OF 0-18 YEARS: A PROSPECTIVE STUDY

10.36106/gjra/2800409 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-3

Author(s):

Sandhya Bordia ◽

Praveen Kumar Jain*

Keyword(s):

Prospective Study ◽

Pediatric Tumors ◽

Age Group ◽

Female Ratio ◽

Spindle Cell Neoplasm ◽

Medical College ◽

Pediatric Age Group ◽

Solid Malignancies ◽

Male Female Ratio ◽

A Prospective Study

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this prospective study is to study the spectrum of pediatric solid malignancies at our institution. METHOD: This study is under taken to evaluate the incidence and morphological features of solid malignant paediatric tumors in eighteen years and below. The material for present study is obtained from FNAC in cytology and biopsy specimen in histology department of RNT Medical college, Udaipur. RESULT: A total number 60 cases of malignant solid pediatric tumors of age group 0-18 years were diagnosed in Department of Pathology RNT Medical college Udaipur, during a period of two years. The number of malignancies diagnosed by Cytology accounted for 53.33% while Histopathology contributed 46.67% respectively. The male: Female ratio of childhood solid malignancies was 1.73:1. In malignant solid pediatric tumors CNS tumors were the commonest constituting 30% followed by Lymphoma 23.33%, Bone tumors 11.67% and neuroblastoma, retinoblastoma & spindle cell neoplasm 3.33% each. CONCLUSION: Our study concluded that solid malignant pediatric tumors contribute also a health problem in Udaipur region affecting all pediatric age group but more prevalent in the age group 6-10 years & 15-18 years.

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Comparison of pattern of death during Pre-lockdown period and COVID 19 lockdown period in Central Kerala – An Autopsy Study

Asian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3126/ajms.v12i7.36436 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (7) ◽

pp. 17-21

Author(s):

Shilpa S Babu ◽

Renju Raveendran ◽

Anwar KA

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Retrospective Study ◽

Forensic Medicine ◽

Study Data ◽

Government Medical College ◽

Autopsy Study ◽

Manner Of Death ◽

Medical College ◽

Travel Restrictions ◽

Near Future

Background: The coronavirus pandemic is one of the deadliest pandemic in history. The authorities worldwide responded to this pandemic by implementing business closures, travel restrictions, lockdowns and quarantines. Aims and Objectives: To determine the type of cases and compare the patterns of deaths which came for autopsy to Department of Forensic Medicine, Government Medical College, Kottayam during the Pre lockdown period in 2019 and COVID-19 Lockdown Period in 2020. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in the Department of Forensic Medicine, Govt. Medical College, Kottayam. The study data was collected from postmortem reports of Department of Forensic Medicine, Govt. Medical College, Kottayam. Pre-lockdown period was taken as from 21 March to 31 May 2019.There were total 424 cases in 2019,whereas in the Lockdown period taken as from 21 March 2020 to31 May 2020,no: of cases reduced to 270. All these cases were grouped according to cause of death, manner of death and modalities of natural and unnatural deaths. Details of cases were entered utilizing a proforma. Results: There were total 424 cases in the pre-lockdown period in the year 2019, whereas in the lockdown period in 2020, number of cases declined to 270. Among the manner of deaths, accidents accounted for most of the deaths in the year 2019, i.e. 44.6% deaths due to accidents, whereas in the year 2020, deaths due to natural diseases topped the list, 46.3%. These differences in the manner of deaths were found statisticallysignificant. Conclusion: Two months into lockdown, statistically significant differences were noted in patterns of deaths. Further study should be conducted in the near future, when more data will become available. Providing early warning in patterns of mortality within the community could prove to be an invaluable public health asset.

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Pityriasis Versicolor in Kashmir - A Study of 200 Patients

JMS SKIMS ◽

10.33883/jms.v13i1.35 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 4-6

Author(s):

Sheikh Manzoor ◽

Yasmeen J Bhat

Keyword(s):

Clinical Course ◽

Seborrheic Dermatitis ◽

Pityriasis Versicolor ◽

Age Group ◽

Dimorphic Fungus ◽

Female Ratio ◽

Medical College ◽

Male Female Ratio ◽

Systemic Disorder ◽

Tropical Areas

Background: Pityriasis versicolor is a mild, superficial chronic infection of the skin characterised by discrete or confluent, scaly discoloured irregular macules on the upper trunk and extremities, caused by a commensal dimorphic fungus Malassezia. It is more common in tropical areas. The aim of present study was to find the epidemiology and clinical pattern of pityriasis versicolor in Kashmir, a temperate area. Materials and Methods:Two hundred patients of pityriasis versicolor who attended the dermatology OPD at SKIMS Medical College were studied after confirming the diagnosis with KOH test. Most of the patients were male with a male-female ratio of 1.7:1, main age group involved was in second decade. Neck, chest and upper back were the main sites involved with patients presenting mainly with hypopigmented macules. The significant associated dermatological diseases were acne and seborrheic dermatitis. No significant association was seen with any systemic disorder. Conclusion:The overall clinical course of pityriasis versicolor in Kashmir remains same as in tropical areas. J Med Sci.2010;13(1);4-6

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PREVALENCE OF EXHUMATION IN DISTRICT FAISALABAD;

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2018.25.08.42 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 25 (08) ◽

pp. 1277-1282

Author(s):

Shirza Nadeem ◽

Humera Parveen ◽

Almas Fatima Awan

Keyword(s):

Cause Of Death ◽

Study Design ◽

Forensic Medicine ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Time Lapse ◽

Age Group ◽

Female Ratio ◽

Legal Procedure ◽

Medical University ◽

Male To Female

Exhumation is a procedure conducted by authorities in which a body or its remainsare retrieved from the ground or wherever they were buried either lawfully or in an illegal manner.Exhumation is considered a legal procedure which is carried out when foul play is suspectedafter death and it is necessary to find out the cause of death. Objectives: To determine theprevalence of exhumation in District Faisalabad along with identifying the factors hamperingthe results to establish cause of death. Study Design: Descriptive, observational, retrospectivestudy. Setting: Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Faisalabad Medical University,Faisalabad. Period: Six years from January 2011 to December 2016. Methods: The data ofexhumations conducted in the Faisalabad district, was collected on a study proforma with thepermission of relevant authorities. Results: Total 87 cases of exhumation were studied with afrequency of 14.5 exhumations per year. Male to female ratio of 2:0.9 was found with 69% malesand 31% females. 78.16% cases belong to rural areas and 18.39% cases are from urban areas.Commonest age group was 20-29 year with (27.5%) cases. Cause of death was determinedonly in 18.39 % cases. In majority of cases (44.82%) time lapse between death & exhumationwas 1-3 months. Allegations made for conduction of exhumation was poisoning in majorityof cases (35.63%). Conclusion: Time lapse between burial & exhumation, advance stage ofputrefaction, improper allegations &lack of proper documentation leads to failure in achievingthe objective of exhumation.

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