scholarly journals Faktor Risiko Nyeri Punggung Bawah pada Ibu Rumah Tangga

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-38
Author(s):  
Ramadhani Ferrial Nugraha ◽  
Titik Respati ◽  
Ami Rachmi
Keyword(s):  
Costal Margin ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gluteal Fold

Nyeri punggung bawah (NPB) menjadi penyebab utama kecatatan di hampir semua negara. NPB merupakan nyeri yang terlokalisasi di bawah costal margin dan di atas gluteal fold. Masih sangat sedikit penelitian mengenai ibu rumah tangga yang mengalami nyeri punggung bawah. Tujuan penelitian ini mengetahui faktor rsiko yang dapat menyebabkan NPB pada ibu RT Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif observasional dengan desain cross sectional. Subjek diambil dengan consective sampling berdasar atas kedatangan pasien. Data didapat dari pasien yang datang pada  periode Juni–Juli 2019 di RSUD Al-Ihsan Bandung sebanyak 40 subjek. Pengolahan data dilakukan menggunakan program SPSS versi 24. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 40 orang subjek NPB dengan faktor risiko usia 30–50 tahun (72.5%), pendidikan SMA (35%), IMT dalam kategori normoweight (50%), Posisi bekerja berdiri (82,5%), Riwayat pernah bekerja (52,4%), lama kerja 5–10 tahun (20%), dan pasien yang melakukan terapi (62.5%). Simpulan penelitian ini risiko yang paling memengaruhi terjadi nyeri punggung bawah pada ibu rumah tangga adalah faktor usia, pendidikan SMA, IMT normoweight, posisi bekerja berdiri, dengan riwayat pernah melakukan pekerjaan.

Influence of measurement error on assessment of response to anticancer chemotherapy: proposal for new criteria of tumor response.

1984 ◽  
Vol 2 (9) ◽  
pp. 1040-1046 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Warr ◽  
S McKinney ◽  
I Tannock
Keyword(s):  
Partial Response ◽  
Tumor Response ◽  
Costal Margin ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Anticancer Chemotherapy ◽  
Inappropriate Treatment ◽  
Metastatic Lung ◽  
Hepatic Lesions ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
New Criteria

The decision to use a given type of chemotherapy to treat cancer patients is often based on the prior demonstration that a proportion of similar patients has "responded" in a clinical trial. Most responses are recorded as a partial shrinkage of tumor, defined usually as a greater than 50% shrinkage of the sum of cross-sectional areas of index lesions for at least one month. The errors in categorization of response have been estimated by comparing measurements of several physicians on real or simulated malignant lesions. False categorization of partial response based on a comparison of two measurements of the same lesion was 1.3% and 12.6% for large and small simulated nodules, respectively, 13.1% for malignant neck nodes, and 0.8% for metastatic lung nodules. Partial response for hepatic lesions has been defined by a 50% or 30% decrease in liver span below the costal margin; these definitions led to a false categorization of partial response of 8.5% and 18.4%, respectively. Larger errors are evident when using the current definition of disease progression that requires only a 25% increase in area. False categorization of response is increased by comparing any of serial measurements with the initial lesions, as is usually done clinically. Many published trials have used criteria for response that are subject to large errors; an uncritical interpretation of their results may lead to inappropriate treatment of patients. Based on the results, new criteria for evaluating tumor response are proposed.

scholarly journals THERAPY LOW BACK PAIN WITH SWEDISH MASSAGE, ACUPRESSURE AND TURMERIC

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Dyah Ayu Rhomandhoni Putri ◽  
Ario Imandiri ◽  
Rakhmawati Rakhmawati
Keyword(s):  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Massage Therapy ◽  
Costal Margin ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Herbal Therapy ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
Gluteal Fold

Background: Low back pain is pain that arises below the costal margin and above the inferior gluteal fold. In Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) low back pain is referred to as Yao Tong. Low back pain cases experienced by patients are pain that gets worse when exposed to cold air, is too tired and feels stiff and heavy. The patient has low back pain with damp cold pathogenic syndrome. Purpose: To prove the effect of combination therapy for Swedish massage in the back and waist area, acupressure at Shenshu (BL23), Dachangshu (BL25), Taixi (KI3), Taibai (SP3), Fenglong (ST40) and turmeric herbs (Curcuma longa Linn) on low back pain sufferers. Methods: Management of low back pain with Swedish, acupressure and herbal massage methods. Swedish massage therapy is performed on the back and waist area. Acupressure at the points of Shenshu (BL23), Dachangshu (BL25), Taixi (KI3), Taibai (SP3), Fenglong (ST40) with the principle of therapy of kidney and spleen tonification and elimination of cold moist pathogens. The most common herbal therapy for patients is turmeric (Curcuma longa Linn). Results: The curcumin compounds in turmeric can inhibit lipoxygenase, phospholipase A2 and COX-2 so they can reduce low back pain. In the treatment of low back pain, massage and acupressure are performed 2 times a week 12 times. While herbal therapy is given for 42 days taken once a day with a dose of 9 grams of turmeric simplicia. Conlussion: Swedish massage therapy, acupressure and herbs can reduce low back pain.

Automated Image Analysis Of Nuclear And Cytoplasmic Changes In Exfoliated Cells From Tracheas Treated With Carcinogen

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 220-221
Author(s):  
S.F. Stinson ◽  
J.C. Lilga ◽  
M.B. Sporn
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Pattern Analysis ◽  
Relative Proportion ◽  
Automated Image Analysis ◽  
Image Analyzer ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exfoliated Cells ◽  
Neoplastic Lesions ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Morphologic Criterion

Increased nuclear size, resulting in an increase in the relative proportion of nuclear to cytoplasmic sizes, is an important morphologic criterion for the evaluation of neoplastic and pre-neoplastic cells. This paper describes investigations into the suitability of automated image analysis for quantitating changes in nuclear and cytoplasmic cross-sectional areas in exfoliated cells from tracheas treated with carcinogen.Neoplastic and pre-neoplastic lesions were induced in the tracheas of Syrian hamsters with the carcinogen N-methyl-N-nitrosourea. Cytology samples were collected intra-tracheally with a specially designed catheter (1) and stained by a modified Papanicolaou technique. Three cytology specimens were selected from animals with normal tracheas, 3 from animals with dysplastic changes, and 3 from animals with epidermoid carcinoma. One hundred randomly selected cells on each slide were analyzed with a Bausch and Lomb Pattern Analysis System automated image analyzer.

X-Ray Replication of Submicrometer Linewidth Patterns

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 136-137
Author(s):  
Henry I. Smith ◽  
D.C. Flanders
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam Lithography ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Electron Backscattering ◽  
Spatial Frequencies ◽  
Cross Sectional Profile ◽  
Carbon Foils ◽  
Sectional Profile ◽  
And Control ◽  
Soft Radiation

Scanning electron beam lithography has been used for a number of years to write submicrometer linewidth patterns in radiation sensitive films (resist films) on substrates. On semi-infinite substrates, electron backscattering severely limits the exposure latitude and control of cross-sectional profile for patterns having fundamental spatial frequencies below about 4000 Å(l),Recently, STEM'S have been used to write patterns with linewidths below 100 Å. To avoid the detrimental effects of electron backscattering however, the substrates had to be carbon foils about 100 Å thick (2,3). X-ray lithography using the very soft radiation in the range 10 - 50 Å avoids the problem of backscattering and thus permits one to replicate on semi-infinite substrates patterns with linewidths of the order of 1000 Å and less, and in addition provides means for controlling cross-sectional profiles. X-radiation in the range 4-10 Å on the other hand is appropriate for replicating patterns in the linewidth range above about 3000 Å, and thus is most appropriate for microelectronic applications (4 - 6).

A Field Emission System For Transmission Electron Microscopy

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 298-299
Author(s):  
Michel Troyonal ◽  
Huei Pei Kuoal ◽  
Benjamin M. Siegelal
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Field Emission ◽  
Optical System ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
Ultra High Vacuum ◽  
Objective Lens ◽  
Electron Optical System ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Emission System

A field emission system for our experimental ultra high vacuum electron microscope has been designed, constructed and tested. The electron optical system is based on the prototype whose performance has already been reported. A cross-sectional schematic illustrating the field emission source, preaccelerator lens and accelerator is given in Fig. 1. This field emission system is designed to be used with an electron microscope operated at 100-150kV in the conventional transmission mode. The electron optical system used to control the imaging of the field emission beam on the specimen consists of a weak condenser lens and the pre-field of a strong objective lens. The pre-accelerator lens is an einzel lens and is operated together with the accelerator in the constant angular magnification mode (CAM).

Microstructural characterization of CoPtCr/Cr thin film disks by cross-section TEM and elongated probe micro-diffraction

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 762-763
Author(s):  
M.A. Parker ◽  
K.E. Johnson ◽  
C. Hwang ◽  
A. Bermea
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Recording ◽  
Electron Probe ◽  
Microstructural Characterization ◽  
Crystallographic Structure ◽  
Recording Media ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Polished Side

We have reported the dependence of the magnetic and recording properties of CoPtCr recording media on the thickness of the Cr underlayer. It was inferred from XRD data that grain-to-grain epitaxy of the Cr with the CoPtCr was responsible for the interaction observed between these layers. However, no cross-sectional TEM (XTEM) work was performed to confirm this inference. In this paper, we report the application of new techniques for preparing XTEM specimens from actual magnetic recording disks, and for layer-by-layer micro-diffraction with an electron probe elongated parallel to the surface of the deposited structure which elucidate the effect of the crystallographic structure of the Cr on that of the CoPtCr.XTEM specimens were prepared from magnetic recording disks by modifying a technique used to prepare semiconductor specimens. After 3mm disks were prepared per the standard XTEM procedure, these disks were then lapped using a tripod polishing device. A grid with a single 1mmx2mm hole was then glued with M-bond 610 to the polished side of the disk.

Computer Reconstruction of the Cellular Architecture of the Daphnia Magna Optic Ganglion

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 284-285
Author(s):  
E. R. Macagno ◽  
C. Levinthal
Keyword(s):  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Genetic Background ◽  
Compound Eye ◽  
Synaptic Connectivity ◽  
Serial Sections ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Small Crustacean ◽  
Optic Ganglion ◽  
Structural Invariance ◽  
High Degree

The optic ganglion of Daphnia Magna, a small crustacean that reproduces parthenogenetically contains about three hundred neurons: 110 neurons in the Lamina or anterior region and about 190 neurons in the Medulla or posterior region. The ganglion lies in the midplane of the organism and shows a high degree of left-right symmetry in its structures. The Lamina neurons form the first projection of the visual output from 176 retinula cells in the compound eye. In order to answer questions about structural invariance under constant genetic background, we have begun to reconstruct in detail the morphology and synaptic connectivity of various neurons in this ganglion from electron micrographs of serial sections (1). The ganglion is sectioned in a dorso-ventra1 direction so as to minimize the cross-sectional area photographed in each section. This area is about 60 μm x 120 μm, and hence most of the ganglion fit in a single 70 mm micrograph at the lowest magnification (685x) available on our Zeiss EM9-S.

Mass Determination by Direct Measurement of Electron Scattering

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 240-241
Author(s):  
M. K. Lamvik ◽  
A. V. Crewe
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Electron Scattering ◽  
Mass Density ◽  
Variable Mass ◽  
Scattering Cross Section ◽  
Mass Determination ◽  
Number Density ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Thin Slice ◽  
Scattering Cross

If a molecule or atom of material has molecular weight A, the number density of such units is given by n=Nρ/A, where N is Avogadro's number and ρ is the mass density of the material. The amount of scattering from each unit can be written by assigning an imaginary cross-sectional area σ to each unit. If the current I0 is incident on a thin slice of material of thickness z and the current I remains unscattered, then the scattering cross-section σ is defined by I=IOnσz. For a specimen that is not thin, the definition must be applied to each imaginary thin slice and the result I/I0 =exp(-nσz) is obtained by integrating over the whole thickness. It is useful to separate the variable mass-thickness w=ρz from the other factors to yield I/I0 =exp(-sw), where s=Nσ/A is the scattering cross-section per unit mass.

X-ray micro tomography in the scanning electron microscope

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Brünger
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Target Surface ◽  
The Body ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Micro Tomography ◽  
Scanning Electron

Reconstructive tomography is a new technique in diagnostic radiology for imaging cross-sectional planes of the human body /1/. A collimated beam of X-rays is scanned through a thin slice of the body and the transmitted intensity is recorded by a detector giving a linear shadow graph or projection (see fig. 1). Many of these projections at different angles are used to reconstruct the body-layer, usually with the aid of a computer. The picture element size of present tomographic scanners is approximately 1.1 mm2.Micro tomography can be realized using the very fine X-ray source generated by the focused electron beam of a scanning electron microscope (see fig. 2). The translation of the X-ray source is done by a line scan of the electron beam on a polished target surface /2/. Projections at different angles are produced by rotating the object.During the registration of a single scan the electron beam is deflected in one direction only, while both deflections are operating in the display tube.

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