scholarly journals Ranking of cadmium low amount measurement systems according to economic, environmental, and functional indicators using ELECTRE analytical method

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 003-006
Author(s):  
Chahkandi Benyamin ◽  
Gheibi Mohammad ◽  
Takhtravan Amir
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Laboratory Methods ◽  
Measurement Systems ◽  
Liver And Pancreas ◽  
Environmental Feasibility ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Triton X ◽  
Scientific Name

Cadmium is one of the transition metals, known by the scientific name Cd. One of its main characteristics is the high toxicity, even in very little amounts. Cadmium is often released through industrial effluents, pesticides, chemical fertilizers, and the burning of fossil fuels. Since the presence of cadmium ions in the living organisms’ body, especially humans, can cause serious damage to the liver and pancreas, and also because its role in causing cancer has been proven, measuring very low amounts of this metal is of high importance. In the first step, this study has reviewed and analyzed common laboratory methods for measuring small amounts of cadmium. Then, according to economic, environmental, feasibility, speed, and accuracy factors, all available methods were evaluated using the ELECTRE technique. The results showed that the extraction methods using Dowex Optipore V-493 resin and extraction system in Triton X-114 surfactant, placed in the first and second positions.

scholarly journals Impact of Extraction Method on the Detection of Quality Biomarkers in Normal vs. DFD Meat

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1097
Author(s):  
Laura González-Blanco ◽  
Yolanda Diñeiro ◽  
Andrea Díaz-Luis ◽  
Ana Coto-Montes ◽  
Mamen Oliván ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extraction Method ◽  
Protein Pattern ◽  
Stress Protein ◽  
Electrophoretic Pattern ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Weight Protein ◽  
Triton X ◽  
Protein Extractability ◽  
Selection Of

The objective of this work was to demonstrate how the extraction method affects the reliability of biomarker detection and how this detection depends on the biomarker location within the cell compartment. Different extraction methods were used to study the sarcoplasmic and myofibrillar fractions of the Longissimus thoracis et lumborum muscle of young bulls of the Asturiana de los Valles breed in two quality grades, standard (Control) or dark, firm, and dry (DFD) meat. Protein extractability and the expression of some of the main meat quality biomarkers—oxidative status (lipoperoxidation (LPO) and catalase activity (CAT)), proteome (SDS-PAGE electrophoretic pattern), and cell stress protein (Hsp70)—were analyzed. In the sarcoplasmic fraction, buffers containing Triton X-100 showed significantly higher protein extractability, LPO, and higher intensity of high-molecular-weight protein bands, whereas the TES buffer was more sensitive to distinguishing differences in the protein pattern between the Control and DFD meat. In the myofibrillar fraction, samples extracted with the lysis buffer showed significantly higher protein extractability, whereas samples extracted with the non-denaturing buffer showed higher results for LPO, CAT, and Hsp70, and higher-intensity bands in the electrophoretic pattern. These findings highlight the need for the careful selection of the extraction method used to analyze the different biomarkers considering their cellular location to adapt the extractive process.

scholarly journals Plastic fuel Extraction from Various Waste Plastics

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1S4) ◽  
pp. 675-682
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Medical Engineering ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
World Population ◽  
Waste Plastics ◽  
Hydrogen Atoms ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
High Production Cost

The rapid growth of the world population which leads to increase demand of plastic in many sectors such as construction, medical, engineering applications, automotive, aerospace and many food industries for packing purpose. These rapid populations of plastic create some serious issues to the environment and living beings. The plastics are non- degradable and emit poisonous gases during burning. In recent years, many researches being conducted to resolve the disposal issues of waste plastics and trying to convert it into useful products. The plastic is a material consists of any wide range of synthetic or semi-synthetic organic compounds, which are long molecules built around chains of carbon and hydrogen atoms. The conversion of waste plastics to hydrocarbon (HC) fuel is an effective idea for disposing of waste plastics. It will be controlled plastic population and fulfill the needs of petroleum fuel in the future. As per the survey, the fossil fuels run out earlier in 2088 due to drastic growth of automobiles and high production cost. The waste plastic contains hydrocarbon with calorific value of 41- 47MJ and it is almost equal to the calorific value of fossil fuels. There are many methods being used to extract liquid HC fuel from waste plastics and it has been reviewed elaborately in this paper. It also reviews composition of various plastics like polyethylene terephthalate, high density polyethylene, low density polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride and polypropylene polystyrene and analyse their properties. In addition, it includes the selection of plastic and catalyst for extraction process, research gap in the existing extraction methods and the effect temperature and process timing on oil yield.

scholarly journals An Approach to Prevent Air Pollution and Generate Electricity Using Nanostructured Carbon Materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Samrat Mondal ◽  
Avishek Bhadra ◽  
Souvik Chakraborty ◽  
Suraj Prasad ◽  
Shouvik Chakraborty
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Carbon Materials ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Nanostructured Carbon ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Different Sources

Pollution is one of the major threats for the environment as well as society. It causes severe problems for the living organisms and can gives birth of various unknown issues. Different sources like cars, industrial belts, fossil fuels etc. are the major causes of air pollution. Different researchers are working to develop new methods to combat air pollution. In this work, a new solution is proposed to fight against air pollution. The proposed solution is based on nanotechnology which not only fight against the air pollution but, it can generate electricity using the nanostructured carbon materials. The proposed solution can be deployed in real life scenario to reduce the air pollution and produce electricity in a large scale to provide an alternate energy resource to the society.

scholarly journals Puncture methods of treatment of patients with fluid formations of the pancreas and liver

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Liquid Structure ◽  
Pancreatic Cysts ◽  
Narcotic Analgesics ◽  
Laboratory Methods ◽  
Liver Cysts ◽  
Liver And Pancreas ◽  
Laparoscopic Drainage ◽  
Methods Of Treatment ◽  
Usual Diet

Summary. Diagnosis and treatment fluid formations of the liver and pancreas non-parasitic genesis remains a controversial issue, despite current advances in minimally invasive surgery. The aim of the study is to improve the results of surgical treatment of patients with fluid formations of the liver and pancreas non-parasitic genesis through the integrated use of mini-invasive methods of diagnosis and surgical treatment. Patients were carried out clinical, instrumental, laboratory methods of examination, in the course of which liquid formations were revealed. With the help of ultrasound of the apparatus the liquid structure was elucidated, then dopplerography determined the non-vascular zone for passing the puncture needle. For punctures we used special nozzles on the ultrasonic sensor. The puncture was performed under local anesthesia. Chiba-type needles were used for the puncture, and Pig tail catheters from 6 to 9 F were used for drainage. The timing of the puncture was determined individually, taking into account clinical and sonographic signs, with the average time of drainage of pancreatic cysts being 24 ± 4,3 days, and drainage of liver cysts – 32 ± 1,6 days. Indications for puncture under the control of sonography and laparoscopic treatment were determined. Puncture-draining interventions were performed in 53 patients with non-parasitic liver cysts, of which 30 patients were drained under ultrasound control, and 23 patients underwent video laparoscopic drainage. Also punctuation-drainage interventions were performed in 72 patients with pseudo-pancreatic cysts, of which ultrasonic drainage was performed in 48 patients, 24 patients had video laparoscopic drainage. In the case of puncture treatment of liver cysts and pancreas, narcotic analgesics were not used for pain relief. The postoperative period was more favorable in patients where percutaneous puncture interventions were used. Immediately after percutaneous interventions under ultrasound control and from the second day after videolaparoscopic operations, patients returned to their usual diet and volume of physical activity. Thus, comparing different methods of surgical treatment of non-parasitic fluid formations of the liver and pancreas it was established that application of puncture-draining methods allowed to improve significantly medical and social indices of this group of patients.

scholarly journals Strategies for Lignin Pretreatment, Decomposition and Modification: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-20
Author(s):  
Leta Deressa Tolesa ◽  
Ming-Jer Lee
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Renewable Resource ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Molecular Structures ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Gaseous Emissions ◽  
Large Molecules ◽  
Climate Stability

The dependency of chemical industry on nonrenewable sources of energy such as petroleum based carbon feedstock is rising dramatically day to day. Nonetheless, global warming caused by greenhouse gas emissions threatens the environment balance and the climate stability. Accordingly, it is necessary to find a renewable resource to decrease the environmental concern, specifically gaseous emissions from fossil fuels and to provide the energy stock. Outstanding to the significance of lignocellulosic biomass as most remedy to the current environmental issues and substituent of nonrenewable source of energy, this review affords understandings about the role of lignin as polymer and raw material for large molecules. In this review article, types of lignin with their extraction methods, fractionation technology to valuable chemicals, modification of the macromolecules to other polymers with tunableproperties, and an extensive range of applications are discussed widely. The major valuable chemicals produced from lignin via chemical depolymerization are also summarized and illustrated with their molecular structures.

scholarly journals Nanoengineered Polysaccharide-Based Adsorbents as Green Alternatives for Dye Removal from Wastewater

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugues Kamdem Paumo ◽  
Lebogang Katata-Seru ◽  
Tshepiso Moremedi ◽  
Mpitloane Joseph Hato ◽  
Soumen Sardar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Dye Removal ◽  
Organic Dyes ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Critical Discussion ◽  
Inorganic Nanoparticles ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Kappa Carrageenan

Water represents one of the essential resources on earth, and all living organisms rely on it for survival. However, freshwater systems are directly under serious threat by human activities. A recent World Health Organization report has estimated that 2 billion people use contaminated water sources. The major organic contaminants in water bodies include organic dyes. These are directly related to the spread of diseases owing to their allergenic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic characteristics. Dyes occur in the environment through untreated industrial effluents. Also, the advancement in human civilisation cannot be considered without the development of modern industries. However, an attempt to limit the resulting impacts of coloured effluents on global freshwater quality has become the focus of recent research. For this reason, the use of efficient, simple, and low-cost methods for the treatment of dyes-containing industrial wastewater could serve as a useful tool. An effort to meet the demand for “green chemistry” and sustainable development has led to several investigations on polysaccharide-based adsorbents. This chapter exposes a critical discussion on the literature concerning the biopolymeric xanthan gum and kappa-carrageenan polysaccharides as adsorbents for dye removal in an aqueous medium. Functionalisation of these biopolymers through graft copolymerisation and inclusion of inorganic nanoparticles for improved adsorption performance is systematically elaborated.

Effective Removal of Heavy Metals From Aqueous Solution by Nano-Composites

2018 ◽  
pp. 249-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashok K. Rathoure ◽  
J. Anuradha ◽  
R. Sanjeevi ◽  
Dushyant Singh Chauhan ◽  
Sandeep Tripathi
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Magnetite Nanoparticles ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Nano Composites ◽  
Air Oxidation ◽  
Metals Removal ◽  
Removal Of Heavy Metals ◽  
Effects Of Ph ◽  
Living Organisms

Heavy metal contamination in industrial effluents presents a serious threat to the environment and human health because of their toxicity, non-biodegradability, carcinogenicity, and bioaccumulation in living organisms. Recently, the preparation and application of iron oxides, especially magnetite nanoparticles, for metals removal have been investigated due to their nano size, magnetic separation, and the ease of synthesis, coating, and modification. However, magnetic nanoparticles lose some magnetization due to air oxidation. Magnetite nanoparticles coating with inorganic shell, like silica and carbon, have been reported and were capable of improving chemical stability. The effects of pH, contact time, and initial concentrations on the removal of heavy metals should be studied using nano-composites in water. In this chapter, the authors present a technical review on different nano-composites used for bioremediation and their limitations.

Fracking, Warming, and Systemic Leadership

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
William R. Thompson ◽  
Leila Zakhirova
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
The United States ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Past ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
International Standing

In the past, states with access to cheap and abundant sources of energy were able to develop radical new technology that paired core innovations with new fuels. Given the strong relationship between global warming and fossil fuels, in this chapter we ask whether the emergence of unconventional fuels and extraction methods are likely to make a significant difference for the relative international standing of the United States now and China perhaps later. Should the expansion of less expensive but older sources of energy, thanks to fracking technologies, help states maintain or regain systemic leadership? Our answer is that fracking will be advantageous in the short term but much less so when it comes to longer-term considerations such as global warming and systemic leadership. More likely, this innovation will only protract the transition away from fossil fuels.

Sequential removal and recovery of cadmium ions (Cd2+) using photocatalysis and reduction crystallization from aqueous phase

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivek Kumar ◽  
Ravinder Kumar Wanchoo ◽  
Amrit Pal Toor
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Aqueous Phase ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metal ◽  
Cadmium Ions ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Removal And Recovery

The toxic heavy metal cadmium (Cd) present in wastewater from chemical and industrial effluents shows persistence in aquatic media because of its non-degradability and is harmful to living organisms. A...

scholarly journals Bioadsorption of Basic Blue Dye from Aqueous Solution onto Raw and Modified Waste Ash as Economical Alternative Bioadsorbent

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adugna Nigatu Alene ◽  
Gietu Yirga Abate ◽  
Adere Tarekegne Habte
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Freundlich Isotherm ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Point Of Zero Charge ◽  
Blue Dye ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
Adsorption Method ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Economical Alternative

Background. Dyes are one of the most hazardous materials in industrial effluents which can cause several health problems in living organisms. The removal of dye from colored effluents has attracted increasing attention in the last decade. In this study, raw, beneficiated, and activated waste ash were evaluated as adsorbents for removal of methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solution by the batch adsorption method. Comprehensive characterization studies were carried out on each bioadsorbent, such as proximate analyses, bulk density, specific surface area, point of zero charge, pH, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy (which shows functional groups on adsorbents surface). The effects of pH, adsorbent dosage, initial dye concentration, and contact time were determined in order to know the optimum condition and adsorption potential of the adsorbents. The methylene blue (MB) removal efficiency of raw, beneficiated, and activated bioadsorbents from aqueous solutions was found to be 95.212%, 89.172%, and 84.504%, respectively. It is reported that adsorption efficiency of MB on each adsorbent was quite different due to electrostatic and dispersion interaction between the dye molecules and the surface property of the adsorbents. The obtained results were well fitted with the Freundlich isotherm model, and the adsorption process follows the pseudo-second-order kinetics model for all adsorbents. In fact, the results showed that raw, beneficiated, and activated waste ash bioadsorbents could be employed as effective and economical alternative material in the near future.

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