scholarly journals Religiões e bioética asiáticas a partir da China. Algumas notas reflexivas

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (299) ◽  
pp. 658
Author(s):  
Leo Pessini

Síntese: O objetivo do presente artigo é de suscitar algumas reflexões bioéticas a partir do mundo Asiático, especificamente da China continental, com sua cultura, história e tradições multimilenárias. Nosso referencial se faz a partir de viagens culturais e da participação em quatro Congressos Mundiais de Bioética realizados na Ásia e de leituras a partir de questões socioculturais, políticas e de direitos humanos. Quando se fala da China, hoje, pensamos na grandeza geográfica, cultura milenar, com sua fantástica muralha, que em tempos passados a protegia de invasões, país mais populoso do planeta, com mais de 1,3 bilhão de pessoas e passando hoje por um crescimento econômico espantoso, que em breve a colocará como a primeira economia mundial, segundo economistas ocidentais. Para contextualizarmos nossa reflexão e situar o leitor, nosso ponto de partida apresenta alguns aspectos socioculturais, políticos e históricos da China, com referências rápidas a Taiwan e ao Tibete. Seguimos decodificando em que consiste a chamada “política do filho único” e a condição da mulher, bem como o massacre da Praça Tiananmen, em 1989. Impossível compreender os valores culturais e o estilo de vida chineses, sem saber algo das “maiores” religiões chinesas – Confucionismo, Taoísmo e Budismo –, que, para nós ocidentais, soam mais como filosofias de vida do que religiões propriamente. Finalmente, perguntamo-nos o que podemos aprender desse mundo tão diverso e diferente de nossa cultura ocidental.Palavras-chave: Bioética. China. Religião. Ásia.Abstract: The purpose of this article is to raise some bioethical reflections about the Asian world, in particular about mainland China, with its multimillennial culture, history and traditions. Our data results from a series of cultural trips and participation in four World Congresses on Bioethics held in Asia as well as from the literature on socio-cultural, political and human rights. When speaking of China, today, we think of its geographical greatness, its ancient culture, its fantastic wall that, in the past, protected it from invasions. China is the most populous country in the world, with over 1.3 billion people and currently going through a period of astonishing economic growth, which, according to Western economists, will soon make of it the first economy in the world. To contextualize our reflection and situate the reader, we start by presenting some socio-cultural, political and historical aspects of China, with a brief reference to Taiwan and Tibet. Next, we will explain what the so-called “one-child policy” actually means, will examine the status of Chinese women and look at the Tiananmen Square massacre in 1989. It is impossible to understand the Chinese cultural values and lifestyle, without knowing something about its “major” religions - Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism - that, for us Westerners, sound more like life philosophies than religion itself. Finally, we ask ourselves what we can learn from this world so diverse and different from our Western culture.Keywords: Bioethics. China. Religion. Asia.

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Dr. Neha Sharma

Language being a potent vehicle of transmitting cultural values, norms and beliefs remains a central factor in determining the status of any nation. India is a multilingual country which tends to encourage people to use English at national and international level. Basically English in India owes its presence to the British but its subsequent rise is not fully attributable to the British. It has now become the language of wider communication which is now spoken by large number of people all over the world. It is influenced by many factors such as class, society, developments in science and technology etc. However the major influence on English language is and has been the media.


2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Cheek ◽  
David Ownby ◽  
Joshua Fogel

The papers in this research dialogue section are the product of a project that examines intellectual life in China since the 1990s – chiefly the efforts by academic public intellectuals to rethink China’s past, present, and future in light of the excesses of Mao’s revolution, the challenges emerging from reform, and the rise of China to the status of world economic power. Chinese scholars, having benefited from China’s openness to the world and the relative relaxation of political pressure in China (until recently), have much to say about China and the world that merits our attention. Through creative collaboration between Chinese and international scholars, the articles collected here explore that intellectual public sphere since the late 1990s. The articles were written in Chinese by young PRC scholars and rendered into English through ‘collaborative translation’ teams that pair these Chinese with non-Chinese scholars based in Canadian universities. The net result, grounded on repeated conversations and revisions, is not a simple translation but a co-production of knowledge about China that aims to capture the discourse of Chinese scholarship in a way to make it meaningful to anglophone readers. The articles themselves are not traditional surveys of academic scholarship. Rather they map significant areas of an intellectual world and the arguments within it. Three widely accepted intellectual streams of thought ( sichao 思潮) organize these soundings: liberals, New Left, and New Confucian. These reports explore connections between and diversity within and beyond each.


English Today ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niu Qiang ◽  
Martin Wolff

Heart-felt opposition to the status and spread of English in the world at large and most particularly in China today. It can hardly be denied that England has given the world maritime law, contract law, and an international language. However, whether by accident or design, the effect of these ‘gifts’ over time has, we would argue, been the destruction of many ethnic customs, social structures, and other aspects of culture. There appears to be little or no dissent among linguists regarding the proposition that language and culture are inseparable: what affects one affects the other.This paper discusses how the global spread of English has affected – deleteriously – many languages and cultures, and currently engages too much time and too many resources in China today. Maritime and contract law may have been less problematic.


2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Neha Sharma

<h3 data-fontsize="17" data-lineheight="23">Abstract</h3> <p>Language being a potent vehicle of transmitting cultural values, norms and beliefs remains a central factor in determining the status of any nation. India is a multilingual country which tends to encourage people to use English at national and international level. Basically English in India owes its presence to the British but its subsequent rise is not fully attributable to the British. It has now become the language of wider communication which is now spoken by large number of people all over the world. It is influenced by many factors such as class, society, developments in science and technology etc. However the major influence on English language is and has been the media</p>


Author(s):  
Rowena Xiaoqing He

In spring 1989, millions of Chinese took to the streets calling for reforms. The nationwide movement, highlighted by a hunger strike in Tiananmen Square in Beijing, ended on June 4 with the People’s Liberation Army firing on unarmed civilians. Over 200,000 soldiers, equipped with tanks and machine guns, participated in the lethal action. Student leaders, intellectuals, workers, and citizens were subsequently purged, imprisoned, or exiled. Tiananmen remains one of the most sensitive and taboo subjects in China today, banned from both academic and popular realms. Even the actual number of deaths from the military crackdown remains unknown. Every year on the anniversary of June 4, the government intensifies its control, and citizens who commemorate the events are put under various forms of surveillance. The Tiananmen Mothers are prohibited from openly mourning family members who died in the massacre, and exiles are prohibited from returning home, even for a parent’s funeral. Many older supporters of the movement, leading liberal intellectuals in the 1980s, died in exile. The post-Tiananmen regime has constructed a narrative that portrays the Tiananmen Movement as a Western conspiracy to weaken and divide China, hence justifying its military crackdown as necessary for stability and prosperity and paving the way for China’s rise. Because public opinion pertaining to nationalism and democratization is inseparable from a collective memory of the nation’s most immediate past—be it truthful, selective, or manipulated—the memory of Tiananmen has become highly contested. While memory can be manipulated or erased by those in power, the repression of both memory and history is accompanied by political, social, and psychological distortions. Indeed, it is not possible to understand today’s China and its relationship with the world without understanding the spring of 1989.


Author(s):  
A. Andreev

Educational objectives can be represented as the following chain containing conceptual algorithms: universal skills - soft skills - hard skills. Under the universal competences (universal skills) is meant the possession of effective algorithms for solving informational in nature tasks facing a person who relies on the highest cultural values. Universal competencies allow you to form a picture of the world. The status of “universal” competencies implies that these competencies are equally important in professional, social and personal life. On the basis of universal competencies, narrowly specialized competencies (hard skills) and “personal qualities” - soft skills should be formed.


2000 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan Walker ◽  
Clive Dimmock

With restructuring characterising many school systems throughout the world, and major change leaving few schools untouched, school leaders are facing major challenges. This study focuses on a group of Hong Kong principals who conceptualise some of their challenges as dilemmas. The paper draws on previous literature to highlight the importance of articulating principals' perceptions of dilemmas in their daily lives, and identifies typologies and categories of dilemmas. It notes that dilemma research to date is grounded in Western examples and cultural settings, and that dilemmas faced by principals in non-Western settings have been ignored. Analysing dilemma situations recounted by Hong Kong principals, we identify the sources, coping mechanisms and outcomes of their dilemmas and examine the relationships between these phenomena. Among our findings are that dilemmas are multifaceted and irresolvable situations, and that principals tend to rely on a narrow range of deeply embedded Chinese cultural values as coping strategies.


2020 ◽  
pp. 027243162093120
Author(s):  
Li Chen-Bouck ◽  
Meagan M. Patterson

This study examined associations between mothers’ Chinese cultural values, monitoring, and psychological control with early adolescents’ independent and interdependent self-construals (SCs). Adolescents ( n = 594) and their mothers were recruited from urban areas in mainland China. Mothers reported their Chinese cultural values; adolescents reported their mothers’ monitoring and psychological control and their independent and interdependent SCs. The findings suggested that mothers’ Chinese cultural values and perceived monitoring had significant positive associations with adolescents’ independent and interdependent SCs, and mothers’ perceived monitoring had a significant mediation effect on the association between mothers’ Chinese cultural values and adolescents’ interdependent SC. Mothers’ perceived psychological control had a significant positive association with adolescents’ independent SC. The findings suggested that the sociocultural context might shape Chinese early adolescents’ SC through two interacting culture categories (i.e., societal norms and daily practices), and monitoring might have mediation effect in the relation between societal norms and interdependent SC.


2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-47
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Squires

Modernism is usually defined historically as the composite movement at the beginning of the twentieth century which led to a radical break with what had gone before in literature and the other arts. Given the problems of the continuing use of the concept to cover subsequent writing, this essay proposes an alternative, philosophical perspective which explores the impact of rationalism (what we bring to the world) on the prevailing empiricism (what we take from the world) of modern poetry, which leads to a concern with consciousness rather than experience. This in turn involves a re-conceptualisation of the lyric or narrative I, of language itself as a phenomenon, and of other poetic themes such as nature, culture, history, and art. Against the background of the dominant empiricism of modern Irish poetry as presented in Crotty's anthology, the essay explores these ideas in terms of a small number of poets who may be considered modernist in various ways. This does not rule out modernist elements in some other poets and the initial distinction between a poetics of experience and one of consciousness is better seen as a multi-dimensional spectrum that requires further, more detailed analysis than is possible here.


Author(s):  
Vu Kha Thap

Entering the XXI century and especially in the period of the industrial revolution has entered the era of IT with the knowledge economy in the trend of globalization. The 4.0 mankind development of ICT, especially the Internet has had a strong impact and make changes to all activities profound social life of every country in the world. Through surveys in six high School, interviewed 85 managers and teachers on the status of the management of information technology application in teaching, author of the article used the SWOT method to distribute surface strength, weaknesses, opportunities and challenges from which to export 7 management measures consistent with reality. 7 measures have been conducting trials and the results showed that 07 measures of necessary and feasible.


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